Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progestins counteract the positive effect of the estrogen component in oral contraceptives (OCs) on cholesterol levels thus increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Low androgenic potency progestins do not have a negative effect, however. Other research indicates that the lower the estrogen dose in OCs the lower the risk of deep vein and superficial thrombosis. OC users, especially low dose OC users, with no other risk factors (e.g. smoking and hypertension) are not at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some research demonstrates elevated risk of stroke in OC users, however. Elevated cholesterol, obesity, diabetes and other factors further increases the risk of stroke. Combined OCs protect against endometrial and ovarian cancer and this effect increases with use and continues after use. Moreover OC users are not at increased risk of pituitary adenoma. Results of some studies shows an increased risk of cervical cancer, but other only demonstrates a slight increase. So far research does not indicate the following to increase breast cancer risk among OC users: early age at 1st OC use, formulation, family history, and history of benign breast disease. There is an increased risk for liver tumors in OC users, nevertheless it is rare. OCs do not raise the risk of diabetes or gallbladder disease. High dose formulations increases the risk of high blood pressure, but not so with low dose formulations. OC use does not impair, fertility, but delayed conception often occurs. Most research demonstrates no increase in pelvic inflammatory disease in OC users. OCs do not cause congenital malformations. Combined OC use is contraindicated for breast feeding mothers, but progestin only OCs can be used with no advance effects. Results of 1 study demonstrates an increase in HIV infection in OC users, but another study has opposite results. The article concludes with recommended clinical management practices.
 ...
PMID:Reassessment of the metabolic effects of oral contraceptives. 185 68

Surgeons conducted an analysis of 28 patients with cardiovascular aneurysms treated at Parirenyatwa Hospital in Zimbabwe during 1989-1993. The age of 16 of these patients ranged from 12 to 46 years. They did not show any customary cause of vascular aneurysms or occlusive disease. 12 of the 16 patients tested positive for HIV. Two were HIV negative at the time. The HIV status of two others was unknown. The sites of vascular involvement included abdominal aorta (3), iliac arteries (3), myocardium (2), thoracic aorta (2), popliteal artery (2), thoracoabdominal aorta (1), femoral artery (1), gluteal artery (1), and subclavian artery (1). The 16 patients were of young age (mean = 31 years), were indigenous Africans with no obvious atherosclerosis, trauma, or other known pathogenetic factors, and manifested rapid development of focal necrotizing arteriopathy with aneurysm formation and rupture and slow, progressive development of granulomatous vasculitis with vascular occlusion. The surgeons recommend excising all infected tissue in cases of mycotic aneurysms and performing extra-anatomic reconstruction to restore vascular continuity. In situ reconstruction is an acceptable alternative, should the surgeon be unable to create extra-anatomic conduits. Bypass procedures should be used to treat cases of occlusive vascular diseases, since the dense fibroproliferative changes thwart safe focal dissection. These findings suggest that HIV positive status has a causative relationship with vascular aneurysms or fibroproliferative aortoiliac occlusion and that this association is not coincidental in a region where HIV infection is common.
 ...
PMID:Pattern of arterial aneurysms in acquired immunodeficiency disease. 774 Jul 98

Contribution of endothelial cells to normal immune processes (circulation of leukocytes, immune diapedesis, presentation of antigens) as well as to pathology caused by viral diseases is described. Cytokine secretion and expression of adhesion molecules, particularly during viral infections are described. Permissiveness of endothelial cells to HIV infection is presented. Contribution of herpesviruses (CMV, HSV) to thrombosis and atherosclerosis is also considered.
 ...
PMID:[Contribution of endothelial cells to the immune processes. Influence of viral infections]. 797

The postmortem anatomopathological examination of eight heart-and-lung specimens obtained from eight HIV-seropositive patients was performed. Three patients were CDC stage II and five patients were CDC stage IV. The mean age was 27 (range: 23-32). Distal and proximal vascular lesions of the coronary arteries were observed. These impairments were marked by major excentric atherosclerosis (with 80-90% obstruction of the arterial lumen) or by fibrosis two-fold or six-fold the thickness of the tunica media. Sclero-hyalinosis of the smaller arteries and myocardial interstitial fibrosis lesions was also revealed. In view of the severity of the described lesions, the absence of any associated cardiovascular risk factors and the context of immunodepression, the role of a virus in the genesis of these lesions is suggested, in particular a virus of the herpes group.
 ...
PMID:Coronary artery lesions and human immunodeficiency virus infection. 835 44

This review summarizes findings from 46 reports selected from over 130 epidemiologic studies published in 1993 and 1994. Recent findings from longitudinal studies are consistent with the concept that periodontal destruction proceeds in random bursts at specific sites and demonstrate that some individuals have an elevated risk of attachment loss. These and other studies provide further evidence that cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor. New studies have quantified the risk of tooth loss due to periodontal disease, and there is better knowledge about HIV-associated periodontal diseases. Familial studies suggest that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to individual variations in etiologic factors (such as plaque) and periodontal diseases. Several studies propose an intriguing link between periodontal diseases and coronary heart disease, which may be mediated through risk factors common to both diseases, and as a direct consequence of the contribution of periodontal bacteria and their products to atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of periodontal diseases. 862 67

Atherosclerosis has been reported in some HIV-positive subjects without any known risk factor. The purpose of the present study was to investigate cervical arteries, abdominal aorta and femoral arteries by B-mode ultrasonography and doppler in 30 HIV-positive subjects matched to 18 controls for sex, age, tobacco consumption and arterial hypertension. Although no haemodynamically or clinically relevant lesions were found, plaques occurred more often in patients than in controls (11 patients, 36.7% vs. 2, 11.1%; P = 0.05). Compared to the HIV-positive patients without plaques, those with plaques had a tendency to have decreased lower HDL cholesterol, higher tobacco consumption and lower CD4-cell count (77 +/- 85/mm3 vs. 220 +/- 202/mm3). The patients with plaques (but not those without plaques) had lower HDL cholesterol than controls (P = 0.03). Asymptomatic atherosclerosis seems to be more frequent in HIV-positive patients and is associated to lower HDL cholesterol.
 ...
PMID:Asymptomatic atherosclerosis in HIV-positive patients: A case-control ultrasound study. 865 49

Considerable progress has been made in the last few years in the molecular identification and characterization of hepatic GSH transporter-associated polypeptides. We are now poised to determine their precise mechanisms of action and regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational level. It is also anticipated that molecular characterization of the mitochondrial GSH transporter and sodium GSH co-transporters will be accomplished in the near future. With this information, a more complete understanding of GSH/cysteine homeostasis can be achieved which can be applied to furthering the prevention and treatment of the diseases of oxidative stress, such as aging, HIV, cataract, atherosclerosis, cancer and alcoholic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:GSH transporters: molecular characterization and role in GSH homeostasis. 882 17

Leukocyte recruitment from the circulation into inflammatory tissues requires a series of soluble and cell-bound signals between the responding leukocyte and vascular endothelial barrier. Chemotactic factors are believed to be responsible for this selective adhesion and transmigration. A superfamily of small, soluble, structurally-related molecules called 'chemokines' have been identified and shown to selectively promote the rapid adhesion and chemotaxis of a variety of leukocyte subtypes both in vivo and in vitro. Chemokines are produced by almost every cell type in the body in response to a number of inflammatory signals, in particular those which activate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. These molecules also appear to play important roles in hematopoesis, cellular activation, and leukocyte effector functions. In addition, chemokines have been found in the tissues of a variety of disease states characterized by distinct leukocytic infiltrates, including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, atherosclerosis, asthma, psoriasis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, HIV replication, and a variety of pulmonary disease states. This review will primarily focus on the role of chemokines in cell adhesion and trafficking as well as their role as effector molecules.
 ...
PMID:Chemokine-leukocyte interactions. The voodoo that they do so well. 902 58

Human immunodeficiency virus can be associated with vascular manifestations such as arteritis mainly with cerebrovascular localization, arterial aneurysms or accelerated formation of atherosclerosis lesions. Red fingers syndrome has been recently described in i.v.-drug patients with HIV and hepatitis C infection. We report a new case in a 36-year old woman, and suggest that this syndrome must be considered as a new microcirculatory manifestation of HIV infection. Red fingers syndrome in patients with HIV is likely secondary to co-infection with hepatitis C or immunological disturbances-associated such as cryoglobulinemia.
 ...
PMID:[Red fingers syndrome in the course of HIV infection. A new case]. 912 Mar 72

Bacterial infections can clinically mimic a primary vasculitic syndrome and can directly cause a vasculitis that may respond to prompt recognition and treatment of the infection. Increasing direct and indirect evidence is establishing links between certain infections and vasculopathies, including aortitis, atherosclerosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis. The literature on the hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis C, and various vasculitic syndromes continues to grow. The spectrum of clinical syndromes, including "essential" cryoglobulinemia (elicited by the hepatitis viruses) and HIV, continues to broaden. Clinical trials have begun to demonstrate the therapeutic value of antiviral therapy in patients with these conditions.
 ...
PMID:Infections and systemic vasculitis. 944 90


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>