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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes in HIV replication during progression of HIV infection were assessed by estimation of the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) harboring HIV proviral sequences. Samples from 23 patients at different stages of HIV infection were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GAG primers. HIV titers in PBMC were also determined by serial dilutions of cells in coculture with phytohemagglutinin-activated normal PBMC. A positive correlation was observed between the number of HIV DNA copies and the HIV titer in PBMC. The PCR test was more sensitive than the coculture technique. The number of HIV copies detected by PCR ranged from 50 to 10,500 per 10(6) PBMC: assuming one copy per cell this implies a frequency of proviral HIV-containing cells of one per 100 to one per 20,000 mononuclear cells. The mean number of HIV DNA sequences in PBMC was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients than in AIDS patients and patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). In patients who progressed from asymptomatic infection to AIDS, the number of HIV DNA copies in PBMC rose, indicating an increase of HIV replication. These results show that the number of infected PBMC increases during clinical progression. However, some asymptomatic patients had a higher number of HIV DNA copies in their PBMCs suggesting that increased HIV replication precedes the appearance of clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Relevance of the quantitative detection of HIV proviral sequences in PBMC of infected individuals. 145 96

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-derived factor (ADF) is a multifunctional protein homologous to thioredoxin (TRX) with co-cytokine and thiol-dependent reducing activities. ADF/thioredoxin production is enhanced in T cells transformed by HTLV-I. We have examined the effect of HIV-1 infection on ADF/TRX expression using specific antibody against ADF/TRX. Lymph nodes from 5 AIDS and 1 AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients were examined. As a control, 8 HIV noninfected lymph nodes, including 3 cases with hyperplasia, were also examined. Immunohistopathological studies using normal HIV noninfected lymph nodes showed that ADF/TRX high-producer (ADFh) cells were macrophages and cells with dendritic morphology in the paracortical area. Abundant ADFh cells were observed in HIV noninfected hyperplastic lymph nodes. The number of ADFh cells was low in hyperplastic lymph nodes from an ARC patient. All of the lymph nodes of 5 AIDS cases were atrophic and the number of ADFh cells were extremely low. To verify these histochemical studies, we examined the effect of in vitro HIV infection on ADF/TRX expression in HTLV-I (+) T-cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that a reduction of ADF/TRX in HIV-1-infected SKT-1B and MT-2 cells, and the reduction inversely correlated with p24 antigen level. On the basis of the above in vivo and in vitro findings, we imply that the levels of ADF/TRX were down-regulated by HIV-1 infection and that the down-regulation may play a role for pathophysiology of HIV-infected individuals.
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PMID:Dysregulation of adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF)/thioredoxin in HIV infection: loss of ADF high-producer cells in lymphoid tissues of AIDS patients. 145 16

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the expression of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes at various clinical stages of HIV infection and to determine the value of these markers in identifying patients likely to have rapidly progressive disease. One hundred and three HIV+ patients, divided into four disease stages, and 34 seronegative controls were evaluated at study entry using flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The HIV patients were followed clinically for disease progression during the following 2 years. CD8 cell numbers and percentage of lymphocytes are increased after HIV infection. Expression of the CD38, HLA-DR and CD57 markers on CD8 cells was significantly increased in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients when compared with controls, as was the CD8 cell population which did not coexpress Leu-8. These activation markers were observed to be further increased in patient groups with more clinically advanced infection. The percentage of CD38 on CD8 cells emerged not only as a discriminator of disease severity, but was a strong predictor of progression in asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy and ARC patients. Given the utility of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in staging disease and predicting clinical outcome, the measurement of these parameters should be considered in the monitoring and management of HIV patients.
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PMID:The significance of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency syndrome: staging and prognostic value. 145 74

The study subjects were recruited among heterosexual men attending the male sexually transmitted disease (STDs) clinic operated by the Dermatology Unit, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. The subjects had no history of intravenous drug use, homosexuality, or bisexuality, had not received blood transfusion in the preceding 5 years, and claimed that they had contracted the disease from prostitutes. Between December 1989 and February 1991, 352 men enrolled in the study who had a median age of 28 years (range 15-63 years). The participants completed a questionnaire about occupation and clinical symptoms of STDs. Sera were assayed for VDRL and TPHA. HIV antibody screening was performed by gel particle agglutination or ELISA technique, and the specimens were confirmed as positive by HIV antibody Immunoblot technique. Of the 328 HIV seronegative men, 44% had nonspecific urethritis, 13.3% had gonorrhea, 13.1% had genital ulcers (including syphilis and chancroid), and 7.6% had syphilis (including positive VDRL or TPHA 1:160). 334 of 352 men (94.9%) reported prostitutes as the source of their STDs. HIV antibody was detected in 19 (5.4%) of 352 men. Only 100 of the 333 men whose first HIV antibody was negative returned to the clinic for a second HIV antibody test within 12 weeks, and HIV antibody was detected in 5 (5.0%) of these 100 men. Thus, the HIV antibody was found in a total of 24 (6.8%) of 352 men. This rate was 15 times the rate found in blood samples from healthy donors at Siriraj Hospital during the period between 1989 and 1990. The HIV seropositivity was significantly associated with syphilis (including positive VDRL or TPHA 1:160), but was not associated with genital ulcers (including syphilitic ulcer and chancroid). None of the 24 seropositive men had clinical evidence of AIDS-related complex or full-blown AIDS. The lack of association between HIV seropositivity and genital ulcer remains to be further investigated.
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PMID:HIV infection in male patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. 146 Apr 10

The authors report two cases in which unexplained oral candidiasis led to the diagnosis of HIV infection with clinical form of AIDS-related complex (ARC). It is highlighted that the dentist showed investigate the causes of every unexplained oral candidiasis in adult because this opportunist infection may be the first sign of immunosuppression associated with AIDS and AIDS-related syndromes.
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PMID:[Oral candidiasis as the first manifestation of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. An analysis of 2 cases]. 146 Dec 47

The goal of our study was to evaluate the incidence of heart involvement in AIDS patients during various stages of the disease. Between January 1988 to September 1991, we conducted a prospective study in 114 anti-HIV positive patients. The patients, whose mean age (+/- SD) was 34.6 +/- 5.4 years (range 20 to 54), were divided into three groups: anti-HIV positive asymptomatic (n = 31; 27%), AIDS related complex (ARC) group IV-A (n = 11; 10%), and AIDS subgroups IV-C1 (n = 62; 54%) and IV-D (n = 10; 9%). Overall, 84 patients (74%) were i.v. drug abusers, 24 (21%) were homosexuals, and six (5%) were partners at risk. Zidovudine (AZT) was administered to 94 patients (82%). Opportunistic infections and/or secondary malignancies were detected in 72 patients (63%). Electrocardiographic changes were of little clinical relevance. Of 72 AIDS patients, 47 (65.2%) presented a cardiac involvement: 12 subjects (16.6%) were affected by a dilated cardiomyopathy, 13 (18%) by pericardial effusion, three (4.1%) by mitral valve prolapse, four (5.5%) by myocarditis, five (6.9%) by valvular bacterial endocarditis, and 10 (13.8%) by alterations of left ventricle regional contractility. During a mean follow-up period of 44 months, 29 AIDS patients (40.2%) died. Death was attributed to a cardiac event in four patients; autopsy could be performed in 24 of the 29 patients who died. Our results demonstrate that heart involvement is present in 45.6% of HIV-infected patients, but only in the end-stage of the disease (AIDS) and it is presumably due to opportunistic infections and/or secondary malignancies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Heart involvement in AIDS: a prospective study during various stages of the disease. 146 34

An epidemiological survey of patients in the Warsaw Clinic of Infectious Hepatology, the Polish National Center of AIDS Control, has been made. The epidemiological evaluation of risk groups and the age of HIV-infected persons has revealed that in Poland they are similar to those in Europe and in the USA (homosexuals and addicts aged 26-30 years). In 12% of the hospitalized patients the full clinical picture of AIDS, in 11.3% pre-AIDS (ARC) and in 58.1% lymphadenopathy (LAS) have been registered. In 18.4% of the patients only antibodies to HIV have been detected. The necessity of timely laboratory examinations for the determination of antibodies to HIV, whose presence may be signalled by any clinical symptom of the disease, has been shown.
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PMID:[HIV infection in the Warsaw Clinic of Infectious Hepatology]. 146 65

HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected in 554 sera (509 from HIV-1 seropositive individuals and 45 sera from seronegative controls) using a conventional method with acid pretreatment of the sample in order to separate the p24 antigen/anti-p24 antibody immune complexes. In asymptomatic individuals there was a substantial increase in antigen detection (48.2% vs 8.4%). Similar results were also observed in ARC (59.1% vs 12.2%) and AIDS patients (85.7% vs 37.1%). It can be concluded that the acid treatment improves the sensitivity of conventional techniques to detect HIV-1 p24 antigen.
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PMID:Improved detection of HIV p24 antigen in serum after acid pretreatment. 146 28

Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed for 207 HIV seropositive homosexual/bisexual men (AIDS = 34, ARC = 72, asymptomatic HIV infection = 101), and 36 seronegative controls. Lymphocyte subset enumeration, history of opportunistic infections, and occurrence of HIV-related symptoms were recorded at the time of assessment. No differences between groups were found on age, educational level, state/trait anxiety or depression scores. Neither the number of symptoms reported, their duration, severity, frequency of occurrence, nor the proportion of patients who reported a specific symptom was different between the three HIV seropositive groups. Severity of anxiety and depression was related to the magnitude of symptomatology, but not associated with either degree of immunodeficiency, number of opportunistic infections or diagnostic group. Principal component analysis extracted five symptom factors (cognitive, affective, psychosocial, neurological and physical), none of which predicted state anxiety scores. However, affective and psychosocial symptom factors predicted trait anxiety and depression scores. The results indicate that ratings of anxiety and depression are independent of stage of HIV infection, may be in part mediated by constitutional and physical symptoms of HIV disease, but are primarily associated with the presence of psychological and psychosocial symptoms.
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PMID:Anxiety, depression and HIV related symptomatology across the spectrum of HIV disease. 147 21

This prospective study evaluated the in vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates recovered from the oral cavity of AIDS/ARC patients before and during long-term therapy with fluconazole. Thirty adults (15 with ARC and 15 with AIDS) with a first episode of thrush candidiasis were given oral fluconazole (Triflucan 50 mg; one capsule daily) for at least three months. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed before treatment, after one month, and at last follow-up (range 3.5-12 months; mean 5.7 months). MICs were determined using the agar dilution method with casitone (Difco 259-01) as the test medium at pH 7.2-7.4. There were two initial clinical failures (one with high MICs before and under treatment and one with an intermediate MIC initially and a rise in MIC under fluconazole). Four patients developed a clinical relapse with no change in MICs (which were low or intermediate). In six patients, clinical symptoms resolved but carriage of C. albicans persisted (low MICs). In 18 patients, clinical resolution with eradication of C. albicans was achieved. These data suggest that (1) clinical failures may be associated with in vitro resistance; (2) relapses under fluconazole maintenance therapy may develop in patients with advanced HIV disease despite the lack of change in the susceptibility of strains.
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PMID:[Treatment and secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. A mycological analysis of failures]. 149 36


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