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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The CD4+ CD8- inducer helper cell and the CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cell absolute numbers were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with various pathological conditions: with leukemia-lymphomas or solid tumors, patients with bone marrow grafts suffering from GvH, HIV-1 asymptomatic carriers, ARC and AIDS patients. The study was carried out during observation periods when they were not suffering from opportunistic infections and were untreated. In all the groups a decrease of the CD4+ CD8- cell absolute number was observed. In the leukemia-lymphoma and solid tumor bearing patients the CD4- CD8+ absolute value was lower than normal, while in the GvH- and HIV-infected patients, it was significantly higher. The clinical follow-up of each group indicates that GvH, ARC and AIDS patients developed infection in 40-68% of the cases, ie the only groups at risk of infection are those in which the CD4- CD8+ absolute values are high: we suggest that the balance CD4+ versus CD8+ should be considered rather the absolute CD4+ when discussing appropriate use of immuno-regulators.
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PMID:Retrospective study correlating clinical infectious history and peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in cancer, GvH and HIV+ patients. 142 Oct 30

The most important purine nucleotides (NAD, AMP, IMP, GMP, XMP, ADP, ATP, GDP, GTP) were analyzed by HPLC in the lymphocytes of healthy subjects and HIV-1 seropositive patients at different stages of the disease (ARC-AIDS). Several differences, which focus attention on the behaviour of purine nucleotide metabolism in the lymphocytes of these patients, were observed.
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PMID:Analysis of purine nucleotides in lymphocytes from healthy subjects and AIDS patients. 142 Oct 31

HIV-1 antigens generate in man both a humoral and cellular immune reaction. However, in ARC/AIDS patients, the cellular response is inhibited by HIV-1 which induces an antiproliferative (suppressive) effect on activated T cells. To overcome this inhibition and up-regulate the cellular response, we designed a new vaccine strategy directed both against HIV-1 and immunosuppression and we used an immunizing preparation composed of HIV-1 antigens combined with immunoregulatory peptides prepared in a biologically inactivated but immunogenic form. In mice, this preparation induced anti-HIV-1 antibodies and a cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against H2 restricted cells carrying HIV-1 antigens.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of combined anti-HIV and anti-suppressive vaccine preparations. 142 Oct 46

A 26-year-old man with AIDS-related complex (ARC) was treated with high-dose busulphan and cyclophosphamide, followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. For 3 months before transplantation he received a combination of four drugs considered active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to reduce the viral burden: zidovudine, acyloguanosine, fusidic acid and phenylidantoin. Although in reduced doses in coincidence with marrow engraftment, zidovudine therapy was scheduled after transplantation in order to protect donor cells from infection with HIV. Engraftment rapidly occurred and was documented by cytogenetic analyses. The post-transplant course was characterized by severe acute GvHD with irreversible hepatorenal failure. The patient died on day 48 after transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction analyses for detecting HIV DNA showed the persistence of positivity at day +30 and +45 after transplantation. Antibodies to specific HIV proteins evaluated with Western blot testing also persisted at days +21 and +35 after transplantation. Circulating immunocomplexes disappeared on day +31, and an increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio occurred. The short survival of the patient, affected by chronic hepatitis too, does not allow final conclusions about the role of BMT in HIV disease.
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PMID:AIDS-related complex treated by antiviral drugs and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation following conditioning protocol with busulphan, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin. 142 37

In order to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the early stages of HIV infection (patients without AIDS or AIDS related complex) a prospective controlled open trial was conducted in 36 patients (age 6-19 years) with haemophilia. Eighteen patients received 0.3 g/kg IVIG at two week intervals; 18 patients served as controls. Major criteria for the evaluation were progression of HIV disease assessed by the modified Brodt/Helm classification, number of infectious events and HIV associated thrombocytopenia, and the CD4+ T cell count. After 24 months of evaluation seven patients in the IVIG group and five patients in the control group deteriorated according to their staging, with one patient in each group developing AIDS. Thrombocytopenia and infectious events, but no severe bacterial infections, occurred in both groups in similar numbers. The absolute CD4+ T cell count decreased by 284/microliters in the IVIG group and by 143/microliters in the control group respectively (mean values). The statistical analysis of these criteria did not reveal any significant difference. In conclusion, IVIG was not effective in the early stages of HIV infection in patients with haemophilia. IVIG did not slow down the progression of HIV disease and did not prevent the development of an immunodeficiency as assessed by the CD4+ T cell count.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin in HIV-I infected haemophilic patients. 144 26

Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of human monocytes were studied in asymptomatic HIV carriers and in patients with clinically apparent HIV infection, diagnosed as persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). Monocytes of asymptomatic HIV carriers manifested no significant changes while a decreased phagocytosis was shown by monocytes in the majority of patients with PGL or ARC. The latter patients also exhibited a decreased bactericidal activity of the cells. Tuftsin and even serum from healthy donors were found to normalise the disturbed monocyte function, the effect of tuftsin being more pronounced. Nevertheless, the examined sera contained neither factors which could stimulate nor factors which could inhibit phagocytosis. The obtained results indicated that the productive phase of HIV infection is associated with disturbed phagocytosis and disturbed microbicidal activity of monocytes, reflecting deficiency of serum factor(s) needed for the normal function of the cells.
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PMID:Phagocytosis and microbicidal capacity of human monocytes in the course of HIV infection. 144 19

The Cockcroft and Gault (CG) [1976] method of predicted creatinine clearances (CCR) accurately predicts measured 24-hour CCR values in healthy volunteers. The present study compared the relationship between measured and predicted CCR through 5 methods: CG, J1 [Jelliffe 1971], J2 [Jelliffe 1973], M [Mawer et al. 1972], and H [Hull et al. 1981], in 42 HIV-seropositive patients: 21 ARC/21 AIDS, 35M/7F, 26 homosexual/16 intravenous drug users, age: 37 +/- 7 years, actual body weight: 74 +/- 14 kg, CD4: 0.286 +/- 0.185 x 10(9) cells per liter (mean +/- SD). Measured CCR values poorly correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = -0.35; p < 0.01). The average measured CCR was 106 +/- 29 ml/min compared with 94 +/- 21 (CG; r = 0.49), 78 +/- 13 (J1; r = 0.41), 77 +/- 14 (J2; r = 0.44), 97 +/- 21 (M; r = 0.51) and 95 +/- 17 ml/min (H; r = 0.32). Standardization to body surface area or lean body weight or stratification by patient factors (gender, disease stage, risk factors, drug treatment) did not improve correlations. However, patients with normal microalbumin excretion rates had more predictable CCR values compared with those who had excess excretion, suggesting the influence of HIV-associated nephropathy on CCR estimation. Since all predicted CCR equations consistently underestimated actual values, these equations should be used with caution in estimating measured CCR in HIV-seropositive patients.
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PMID:Failure of predicted creatinine clearance equations in HIV-seropositive patients. 144 56

Ninety-two cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in patients with HIV infection have been collected by the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors (G.I.C.A.T.). In accordance with the epidemiology of HIV infection in Italy, 82% were intravenous drug users (IVDU), 8% homosexual men, 5% IVDU+homosexuals and 5% heterosexuals. At diagnosis of HD, 16% had AIDS, 20% AIDS related complex (ARC), 33% persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and 31% were asymptomatic. Fifty-three percent of the patients had stage IV disease and 70% mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion. Forty-six patients were treated with MOPP or MOPP [symbol: see text] ABVD +/- radiotherapy (zidovudine was not given) with complete remission (CR) in 54% and partial remission (PR) in 46% of the patients. Fifty-six percent of these patients developed opportunistic infections (OI) during therapy or follow-up. Sixteen patients were treated with epirubicin, bleomycin and vinblastine (EBV) and concomitant zidovudine, with CR in 44% and PR in 38%. However, only one of these patients developed OI during therapy or follow-up. The clinico-pathological features and natural history of HD in HIV setting are peculiar and quite distinct from those observed in HD in the general population. Better combined chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy is needed in order to ameliorate the CR rate and decrease the OI in patients with HIV infection and HD.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease in 92 patients with HIV infection: the Italian experience. GICAT (Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS & Tumors). 145 83

The physiopathology of malnutrition among AIDS, ARC and HIV infected children was reviewed. One-hundred eight-three newborns were studied, 152 of which were born at "La Fe" Maternity Hospital. Of these patients, 29% were LBW and 28% preterm. Transfused and hemophiliac patients were excluded from the study. Anorexia, vomiting, fever, infections of the respiratory and GI tracts and drug therapy were the most frequent factors affecting the nutritional status. Fifty-three newborns were infected with the HIV (29%). The children were classified into three groups (G). Group-I was formed by HIV+children > 18 months of age, G-II, P-2 class by children < 18 months of age and G-III was formed by those children that died of AIDS. The most common symptoms were chronic diarrhea and infections of the respiratory tract. Of the HIV+children > 18 months of age, 65% had a weight < the 10th percentile and 61% were < the 10th percentile for height. Of the children that died of AIDS, 80% were in the lower 10th percentile for both weight and height. Hemoglobin, T4/T8, total proteins, seroalbumin and calcium were also negatively affected. Those most severely affected were the dead patients, followed by P-2 < 18 months and finally the HIV+ > 18 months of age. The differences between G-I and G-II-G-III were statistically significant, p < 0.01. The biochemical quantification of the nutritional status was difficult due to the limited amount of blood available. HIV infected children require nutrition supplementation to maintain an adequate nutritional status. Among these patients, malnutrition is a multifactorial phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nutritional status in HIV infection in infancy]. 145 14

In a study population representing different CDC stages of HIV infection, 58% exhibited IgA hypergammaglobulinemia resulting from proportional increases in both the IgA1 and the IgA2 subclasses. These increases were detected early in infection, did not correlate with CD4 count, and remained elevated throughout disease progression. Absolute concentrations of polymeric IgA present within each subclass were unchanged, indicating that increased production of monomeric IgA1 and IgA2 were responsible for elevations of total IgA. These elevations were not completely attributable to a specific antibody response to viral infection, since Western blot analysis of purified IgA samples indicated that HIV-reactive IgA antibodies could be demonstrated only within the IgA1 subclass. Dominating IgA1 anti-HIV responses were also observed in two secretory IgA samples isolated from colostrum of healthy HIV seropositive mothers, suggesting that a similar isotype restriction exists in the mucosal IgA compartment. The binding of IgA1 to HIV proteins contrasted markedly to that observed with identical concentrations of IgG purified from the sera of the same patients. While IgG reacted more intensely and broadly with all HIV proteins, IgA1 antibodies were directed predominantly against envelope glycoproteins. In many patients, a total lack of IgA1 reactivity to gag and pol proteins was accompanied by intact IgG responses to these same antigens. Though all IgA samples examined reacted with HIV, fewer responses to gp160, gp120, and p24 were observed in samples from AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, suggesting a declining titer of IgA antibodies against these antigens may be associated with disease progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum IgA subclasses and molecular forms in HIV infection: selective increases in monomer and apparent restriction of the antibody response to IgA1 antibodies mainly directed at env glycoproteins. 145 91


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