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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study reports the results obtained by an Electroencephalographic screening of 450 HIV-seropositive patients, belonging to different stages of infection. The major bioelectrical changes of cerebral activity were evident in AIDS group (87.2%) and in ARC group (64.5%), whereas mild abnormalities were present in LAS group (38.8%) and in asymptomatic infection (19.2%), often without any evidence of neuropsychological impairment. Therefore, we emphasize the usefulness and the sensibility of Electroencephalography and, in particular, of Electroencephalography coupled with Computerized Spectral Analysis with the aim of identifying the subclinical stages of AIDS Dementia Complex.
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PMID:[Neurophysiological diagnosis of AIDS dementia complex: importance of electroencephalography]. 248 8

This study presents the main clinical findings on 200 AIDS patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in the northern zone of Tanzania, with detailed neurological findings on 135 out of 200 cases and 53 controls. Results show that 21 out of 200 (10.5%) had an obvious focal neurological disorder, including cranial nerve palsies, hemiparesis and paraparesis. Ninety-seven out of 135 (72%) had less obviously detectable neurological disorders, versus 36% of controls (P less than 0.005). Most frequent were AIDS dementia complex (54%), retinopathy (23%), areflexia (21%), pyramidal tract signs (19%) and tremor and incoordination (19%). Frontal lobe release signs (FLRS) were found in 103 out of 135 (76%) patients, versus 36% of controls (P less than 0.005). Advanced and terminal AIDS cases were more likely to have neurological disorders than early AIDS patients. A further study on 87 non-AIDS patients with acute unexplained neurological disorders showed 10 out of 87 to be HIV seropositive. Three case studies are presented. This study suggests that neurological disorders are among the main clinical features of AIDS and HIV disease in Africa.
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PMID:Neurological disorders in AIDS and HIV disease in the northern zone of Tanzania. 250 33

HIV-1 related brain disease gives rise to widespread eye movement abnormalities that include impairment of fixation, saccadic speed and accuracy, antisaccadic generation and smooth pursuit function. Quantitative high resolution recording of eye movements is a valuable, non-invasive technique both for measuring the severity and progression of the AIDS dementia complex and the early detection of neurologic dysfunction in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects or in patients with AIDS. In particular, it may be of use in neurologically at-risk patients requiring antiviral therapy and in monitoring the neurologic responses to such treatment.
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PMID:[High-resolution eye movement recording in the assessment of neurologic complications in HIV-1 infection]. 251 86

The prognostic and diagnostic importance of certain cutaneous lesions in HIV infection is discussed. In own patients of interest was the frequency of oral candidiasis (30%) and extensive seborrhoeic changes and persistent eruptions of the type of molluscum contagiosum in a patient with the AIDS-dementia complex which were associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of various changes in the skin and mucous membranes in HIV infection]. 253 24

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex is a frequent and devastating complication of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Features of the AIDS dementia complex include decreased memory, the inability to concentrate, apathy, and psychomotor retardation. Typical neuropathologic findings include gliosis, focal necrosis of neurons, perivascular inflammation, formation of microglial nodules, multinucleated giant cells, and demyelination. That HIV-1 is the direct cause of this neurologic syndrome is strongly supported by the available evidence. In addition, several studies have identified the monocyte-macrophage as the predominant cell type in the brain infected with HIV-1. However, the mechanisms by which the infected monocytes-macrophages mediate neurologic dysfunction and destruction have not been elucidated.
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PMID:The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex. 254 29

The neurological complications associated with infection by the AIDS virus, HIV, occurs at an early stage of the disease and often indicate a poor prognosis. A dementia, known as AIDS Dementia Complex, is the most common feature observed, and is found in a majority of patients. The effects of gp120, the external protein envelope of HIV, on cerebral glucose utilization were studied in rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of gp120 significantly reduced glucose utilization in the lateral habenula and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, two regions rich in receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and the whole brain metabolism showed a significant decrease. The findings suggest that gp120 may alter neuronal function, thereby contributing to sequelae of HIV infection of the brain, and that attachment of HIV particles may involve, for a part, VIP receptors.
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PMID:[AIDS and sleep disorders: effect of gp120 on cerebral glucose metabolism]. 256 68

Neurologic alterations were noted as important early from the description of the AIDS epidemic. At present, there is evidence that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus can be the aetiologic agent of the AIDS dementia complex. The natural history of this disease is not well known. Various longitudinal studies have been undertaken to assess the appearance of neurologic and neuropsychologic alterations in seropositive patients. Until now the results show that asymptomatic seropositive patients have not significant alterations. We are studying seropositive asymptomatic patients with haemophilia. The results of the first year of the study indicate that these patients, taken all together, have not significant alterations. However, neuropsychologic and subtle neurologic alterations were found in 3 patients (21%). If these findings are also observed in other similar studies, these group II "asymptomatic" patients will must be reclassified, with probable changes in management and prognosis.
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PMID:[Neurologic and neuropsychologic manifestations in asymptomatic HIV positive subjects. Results of the first year follow-up]. 263 56

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is very frequently observed in pediatric AIDS. Clinical manifestations include encephalopathy, cognitive deficits, acquired microcephaly, neurological signs, myelopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. Neurological complications can be related to opportunistic viral infections such as encephalitis, atypical aseptic meningitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and myelitis. Nonviral syndromes include: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, candidiasis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis, and Mycobacterium avium subacute encephalitis. Bacterial infections, tumors, cerebrovascular complications, and peripheral neuropathies are not frequently observed in pediatric AIDS. The most severe complications of HIV infection is encephalopathy resulting from HIV infection of brain tissue. Direct HIV invasion of the CNS has been demonstrated. Clinical features of HIV encephalopathy are classified into three categories: (1) normal neurological findings; (2) static encephalopathy; and (3) progressive encephalopathy. AIDS dementia complex can be differentiated from the predominance of behavioral and cognitive disabilities.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in childhood. Neurological aspects. 268 79

Involvement of the central nervous system is now being recognized as an important aspect of HIV infection. Acting as a sanctuary site, it may pose problems to effective therapeutic strategies. HIV-induced AIDS dementia complex is the commonest mode of presentation. Other causes include opportunistic infections and, more infrequently, malignancies. The precise diagnosis is often difficult to make and requires the judicious use of the CT scan. Treatment has been disappointing and is characterized by frequent relapses.
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PMID:A review of neurological complications in AIDS. 269 81

Neuropathologic features of HIV encephalitis are described in 8 cases selected among 36 autopsies of AIDS patients. From an epidemiologic point of view, the author remarks that parenteral drug addict patients are as prone as male homosexual patients to get HIV encephalitis. The surprisingly low incidence of this illness, recorded in the epidemiologic bulletin of Health Ministry is pointed out. Clinicopathologically, the complex nosologic problem and terminologic confusion of AIDS dementia are discussed, as well as the different neuropathologic criteria used to define HIV encephalitis. The term "panencephalitis with multinucleated cells" is proposed to name the neuropathologic lesions of those patients with HIV dementia and who show multinucleated cells as histopathologic hall mark of HIV encephalitis on brain examination. Physiopathologic interpretation about how the HIV affects the CNS is analyzed. Recent etiopathogenic interpretations of HIV dementia are included.
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PMID:[Neuropathology of HIV encephalitis]. 270 Feb 96


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