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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

120 AIDS patients (mean age 33 +/- 9 years, 108 males) were evaluated regarding rheumatic manifestations. According to CDC's classification, 18.3% belonged to group II, 28.3% to group III, and 53.4% to group IV. Arthralgia was present in 33 patients (27.5%), and in only 8 could be associated with infections other than HIV (5 cases of tuberculosis, 3 P. carinii, and 1 gonococcal infection). Incidence of arthralgia was equal in either sex. Arthritis was present in 8 patients, 2 of them with Reiter's syndrome. In 6 patients arthralgia was the first symptom (3 with arthritis) before AIDS diagnosis. There was a higher incidence of dry mouth, dry eyes, and muscular complaints in patients with arthralgia than in patients without arthralgia. Antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were absent in the serum of the patients studied. Arthritic manifestations possibly occur in AIDS, even in patients without other clinical manifestations, as a reactive state to HIV infection.
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PMID:[Rheumatic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. 130 73

The authors report the case of an AIDS patient with rare neurologic manifestations: primary vasculitis of the central nervous system and VIII cranial nerve dysfunction. The authors make a review on the subject, and call special attention for the differential diagnosis. In fact, the patient, a 36 year old woman, with promiscuous life, presented with dizziness, gait ataxia, nausea, headache and hypoacusia. Seven days after the admission, she noted blurred vision in both eyes and soon she became blind. The physical examination showed bilateral optic neuritis and vestibulocochlear dysfunction, stiff neck and fever. No abnormalities were detected on CT scan. CSF showed 40 mononuclear cells/mm3, 79 mg/dl of proteins and normal glucose content. Microbiological research was negative. Serum anti-HIV test was positive. The hypothesis of primary CNS vasculitis was made, and pulse methylprednisolone therapy was introduced with good recovery of neurological syndrome except for persistent amaurosis.
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PMID:[Isolated vasculitis of the central nervous system and involvement of the 8th cranial nerve: rare manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 130 67

In a seven year time period (July 1984 to June 1991) were studied CSF samples of 36,216 new patients, 470 of them infected by HIV. Number of AIDS patients represents 1.30% of total cases examined in the laboratory during this time period. Normal CSF was observed in only 16 cases (3.4%). Associated pathologies occurred in 66% of cases. Opportunistic infections predominated among them (227 cases). Data support indication for CSF examination in HIV infected patients. This exam must be as complete as possible.
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PMID:AIDS. A CSF laboratory experience on 470 cases in a 7 year time period. 130 80

HIV entered and began to spread throughout India approximately one decade later than it did in the US, Canada, Europe, other developed countries, Africa, and the Caribbean. Accordingly, the AIDS epidemic in India continues to evolve, with the spread of HIV infection in many parts of India already reaching epidemic proportions. The long incubation period between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS, however, means that the majority of infected adults will come down with AIDS in the mid-1990s. AIDS in India will have significant adverse economic effects upon the country. Once ill with opportunistic infections as a result of HIV infection, people will require treatment. The costs of such treatment will strain resources. High levels of AIDS morbidity and mortality among individuals in their most productive years will also reduce the overall productive contributions of society to economic development. The extent of the HIV/AIDS problem in India needs to be accurately assessed, then followed by the implementation of appropriate prevention and care programs. The situation will not be able to reversed if responsible parties act only after the existence of HIV/AIDS becomes evident in large numbers of people. Policymakers and program planners working against the spread of HIV throughout India will be called upon to strike and maintain a balance in the allocation of resources for treatment and prevention. They will have to be realistic, yet humanistic, while considering individual rights in the context of more broad social welfare. The authors explain that it is cheaper to prevent AIDS than to treat and manage it, and that urgent measures are needed to protect the productive base of the economy. Sections discuss the role of epidemiology, the spread of HIV through infected needles and syringes, AIDS and HIV in Maharashtra, and the economics of AIDS.
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PMID:Could AIDS retard India's development? 130 84

Since the beginning of the pandemia caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus several reports have described cases of infection by HIV1 in patients bearing rheumatic diseases. The infection by HIV 1 in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CCLE), however, seems to be elusive. As far as we know, only 3 cases of HIV infection associated with SLE have been published. Furthermore, we have not been able to find out any report concerning HIV infection in patients bearing CCLE. The aim of the present article is to present a case of a female patient with CCLE that subsequently developed an infection with human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subsequent infection with HIV1. 130 64

This paper discusses current strategies for the development of AIDS vaccines which allow immunization to disturb the natural course of HIV at different detailed stages of its life cycle. Mathematical models describing the main biological phenomena (i.e. virus and vaccine induced T4 cell growth; virus and vaccine induced activation of latently infected T4 cells; incremental changes in immune response as infection progresses; antibody dependent enhancement and neutralization of infection) and allowing for different vaccination strategies serve as a background for computer simulations. The mathematical models reproduce updated information on the behavior of immune cells, antibody concentrations and free viruses. The results point to some controversial outcomes of an AIDS vaccine such as an early increase in virus concentration among vaccinated when compared to nonvaccinated individuals.
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PMID:Modeling AIDS vaccines: the cellular level. 130 44

The interaction of herpes zoster and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated in a cohort study of 287 homosexual men with well-defined dates of HIV seroconversion and 499 HIV-seronegative homosexual men. The incidence of herpes zoster was significantly higher among HIV-seropositive men (29.4 cases/1000 person-years) than among HIV-seronegative men (2.0 cases/1000 person-years); the overall age-adjusted relative risk (RR) was 16.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7-32.6). When compared with that of age-matched population controls from 1945 to 1959, the incidence of zoster was significantly higher among seropositive men (RR, 26.7; 95% CI, 19.3-37.1) and slightly higher among seronegative men (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.0-3.3); the latter may reflect increasing background rates over several decades. The risk of herpes zoster was not associated with duration of HIV infection and was not predictive of faster progression to AIDS.
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PMID:Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. 851 21

Parasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the HIV epidemic. Available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) suggests a predominance of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. For reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as Plasmodium falciparum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba histolytica, where cell-mediated immune responses are also thought to be significant, do not appear to be opportunists of importance. It is being increasingly recognized that chemotherapy for parasitic diseases has a host-dependent component, although scientific data on this subject remain scanty. The management of opportunistic parasitic infections in patients infected with HIV is dogged by failures and relapses, aptly illustrating the notion of the relationship between chemotherapy and the immune response. This review discusses the immunity and chemotherapy of opportunistic parasite infections in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
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PMID:Chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS. 130 34

In an eight years time period (July 1984-June 1992) CSF samples of 40718 patients were studied, and 610 were from patients with AIDS clinically diagnosed and immunologically confirmed through HIV antibodies detection. Among opportunistic infections detected in them 85 were CNS cryptococcosis. For the purpose of this study the CSF of these 85 patients are the AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis. For comparison, CSF data from 50 patients with CNS cryptococcosis but without AIDS were taken (non-AIDS group); in this group, 22 patients were immunosuppressed after renal transplant. In AIDS group, the more frequent CSF findings were: yeast presence at direct exam (Fuchs-Rosenthal cell counting chamber), growing of the yeast in cultures, and gamma globulins increase. In non-AIDS group were more frequent: hypercytosis, neutrophil cells presence, and total protein increase. Differences between the two groups are discussed taking into account CNS/CSF immune changes induced by HIV infection. It is concluded that in CNS cryptococcosis of patients with AIDS the CSF evidenced more extensive signs of the fungal opportunistic infection than signs of inflammatory response to the infection. The latter were more prominent among patients of the non-AIDS group of CNS cryptococcosis.
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PMID:CSF in 85 patients with AIDS and CNS cryptococcosis. 130 54

Certain human genital papillomaviruses (HPV) are strongly associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer. Evidence is accumulating that HPV infection and ano-genital cancers are more common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The objective of our study was to evaluate the extent to which HPV infection and associated cervical disease constitute opportunistic complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a population of sexually promiscuous, HIV-infected women in Kinshasa, Zaire. In 1989 we obtained Pap smears and cervicovaginal lavage specimens for HPV DNA testing from 47 HIV-seropositive and 48 HIV-seronegative prostitutes who were part of a cohort under observation since 1988. Thirty-eight percent of the HIV-seropositive and 8% of the seronegative women (odds ratio = 6.8; p = 0.001) had HPV DNA detected by either ViraType, a dot-blot assay which detects specific genital HPV types, or low-stringency Southern blot, which detects all HPV types. Eighty-two women (86%) had an interpretable Pap smear; 11 of 41 (27%) HIV-seropositive women and one of 41 (3%) seronegative women had cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) (odds ratio = 14.7; p = 0.002). HIV seropositivity, HPV infection and CIN were highly associated. Eight (73%) of 11 seropositive women with CIN had HPV detected. Both HPV infection and cervical cancer may emerge as opportunistic complications of HIV infection in populations in which HIV, HPV and cervical cancer are common.
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PMID:Genital papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia--opportunistic complications of HIV infection. 130 59


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