Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro production of TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages was investigated in 15 AIDS patients with acute interstitial pneumonia and in 4 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection (anti-HIV+) and was compared to that observed in 6 patients with chronic pulmonary disease and in 5 normal controls (undergoing a fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected lung malignancy), all 11 HIV negative. Our results show that unstimulated alveolar macrophages of AIDS and anti-HIV+ patients released much more TNF-alpha than subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or healthy controls did: this overproduction may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung damage infection and particularly in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients spontaneously produce elevated levels of TNF-alpha in vitro. 129 68

Peyer's patch (PP) T cells through the production of appropriate cytokines foster the development of immunity to the intestinal protozoan parasites such as Giardia. T cell destruction by the human immunodeficiency virus precedes the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Thus, HIV may increase susceptibility to intestinal parasite infections. Therefore, we measured the resistance and T cell cytokine responses to Giardia in C57B1/6 mice infected with the retrovirus LP-BM5 which produces a murine AIDS (MAIDS). Mice with MAIDS and controls were intragastrically challenged with 1 x 10(5) G. muris cysts. Fecal counts were measured weekly following challenge. Also, PP T cell production of interleukin (IL)2, IL3, IL4, and Interferon-gamma in response to G. muris trophozoite antigens displayed on antigen presenting cells were measured at these times. Prior to day 14 of the infection, the number of Giardia cysts in the retrovirus group paralleled that in controls. However, by day 21 after Giardia infection, mice with MAIDS failed to clear the Giardia cysts from the intestine while the control mice were completely free of cysts. IL2 and IL4 production in response to Giardia trophozoites by unfractionated PP lymphocytes were severely depressed in the retrovirus infected group, while IFN-gamma production was increased. Depressed cytokine production was most likely due to depressed PP T cell numbers. When fractionated enriched T cells were adjusted to a uniform concentration in in vitro immunization cultures, the production of IL2 and IL4/IL5 were similar between retrovirus infected compared with control mice. Recoverable PP T cells were lower in mice with MAIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Suppression of resistance to Giardia muris and cytokine production in a murine model of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 129 11

AIDS has been blamed on promiscuity and the promiscuous, and a major goal of many HIV-prevention programs has been to induce people to reduce the number of their sexual partners. Despite the salience of this concept in the AIDS discourse of scientists, policymakers, the media, religious leaders, and the gay community, critical analysis of the role of promiscuity in this epidemic has been lacking. Following a review of promiscuity in various genres of AIDS discourse, this article discusses promiscuity in American society and in HIV-prevention campaigns. The relative risks associated with monogamy, abstinence and promiscuity are examined, and the author concludes that the partner-reduction strategy, instead of contributing to a reduction in HIV transmission has been an impediment to AIDS prevention efforts, exacerbating the problem by undermining the sex-positive approaches to risk reduction that have proven effective. Responsibility for this misguided strategy is attributed to a moralistic approach to AIDS and to the misapplication of epidemiological concepts and inappropriate social science models to the task of promoting healthy forms of sexuality.
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PMID:AIDS and promiscuity: muddles in the models of HIV prevention. 129 98

The main goal of the present paper was to analyze the molecular diversity of the principal neutralizing domain (V3 loop) of the HIV 1 gp120 in samples from patients of Argentina. The study was carried out on a total of 30 HIV 1 positive blood samples, obtained during 1991-1992, belonging to 15 intravenous drug users (group A), 5 homosexual men (group B), 8 children born to HIV 1 positive mothers (group C) and 2 AIDS patients (group D). By using extracted DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes and from infected cells of the viral isolates in the case of the 2 AIDS patients, the V3 loop region was amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction. Direct sequencing by Sanger methodology was then performed on DNA fragments and nucleotide sequences obtained were translated into the correspondent amino acids. Consensus sequences for each group and a general consensus sequence were established (Table 1). Its alignment with V3 loop amino acid sequences of the major HIV 1 strains isolated worldwide is showed in table 2. Homology analysis between each sequence of the study population and sequence of different HIV 1 isolates showed that most of these samples share high homology with SF2 and BH10 strains. In contrast a low homology was found with JH3 and MN isolated (table 3). The presence of highly conserved amino acid residues as substitutions and insertions was determined in the Argentinian V3 loop sequences giving them a local pattern. The present paper is of great importance for our country, considering that the V3 loop is the main neutralizing domain becoming a major target in the development of HIV 1 vaccine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the sequencing of the principal neutralizing domain of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 in Latin America.
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PMID:[Molecular analysis of the principal neutralization epitope (V3 loop) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Argentina]. 129 19

Clinical and etiopathogenetic features of oral hairy leukoplakia in 5 patients positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus were studied. Oral hairy leukoplakia were located on the lateral borders of the tongue and showed a corrugated/hairy aspect in all the cases. Histological examination showed hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, hair like projection (n = 4) koilocyte-like-cells and moderate subepidermal inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive results for Epstein-Barr virus indicating an active replication of this virus within the epithelial cells of the stratum granulosum and upper stratum spinosum.
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PMID:[Oral hairy leukoplakia in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: clinical and etiopathogenic aspects]. 129 82

Clinical and paraclinical experience in HIV infection, though the time elapsed since the first observations is relatively short, begins to get typical outlines. In the case of AIDS, the lung is the main place of opportunistic infections, other inflammatory processes and neoplasia. The present work deals with six clinical cases with positive serum tests for HIV and secondary respiratory phenomena such as: Kaposi sarcoma, pneumonia with Pneumocystis carinii, tuberculosis, candidosis, pneumonia with common germs. Particular aspects of treatment and disease evolution are commented.
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PMID:[The pulmonary manifestations in AIDS]. 129 94

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is an important component of the evaluation of patient outcome in HIV infection where disease is progressive and debilitating. This paper compares patient-reported QOL obtained from questionnaires which cover functional ability, social functioning, cognition, mental health, disability days, disease symptoms, and overall health in the previous 3 months. These scales have been validated on HIV populations. We compared changes in health status over 12 months for 669 patients with varying HIV disease severity: 134 asymptomatic, 416 symptomatic (previously termed ARC), and 119 AIDS. Groups were evaluated at baseline for demographic and health status differences (i.e., age, CD4+). Declines in health status and psychosocial status were found over the year for all persons. Individuals with symptomatic disease or AIDS had significant declines of 10-20% (p < 0.001) in all aspects of role functioning (social, daily activities, energy, and global health) and increased disease symptoms, but no significant declines in cognition or mental health. Persons with AIDS had greater declines than those with symptomatic disease. AIDS and symptomatic patients also reported significantly fewer hours at work and more disability days than asymptomatic patients. The impact that HIV disease has on the health status of non-AIDS symptomatic patients is especially striking.
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PMID:Changes in quality of life among persons with HIV infection. 129 68

Histopathologic study on the lymphadenopathy of 38 HIV infected patients in Zambia are reported. The histologic type of lymph node changes might be divided as follows: follicular hyperplasia, mixed follicular hyperplasia, follicular involution, and lymphocyte depletion. The author points out that although each individual histologic change in lymph node is not specific, the summation of changes in lymph node are characteristic. A diagnosis of HIV infection might be considered, and appropriate test is warranted, when histologic changes are found in enlarged lymph nodes at two or more noningunal sites for several months. Lymph node biopsy is recommended and significant in discovering HIV infected cases, making diagnosis of AIDS as well as AIDS-related complex, and evaluation of prognosis of these patients.
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PMID:[Histopathologic study on lymphadenopathy in HIV infected patients]. 129 24

Benign intracranial hypertension (BICH) is a rare adverse event. We report the case of a 31-year-old female drug addict who had been seropositive for HIV since 1987. She had stage IV C1 AIDS, and was receiving intravenous amphotericin B for generalized cryptococcosis with no neuromeningeal involvement. She developed BICH that regressed when the antifungal drug was withdrawn and treatment for cerebral edema was started. BICH is a clinical entity involving intracranial hypertension with no focal neurological signs or detectable intracranial lesion. The manifestations include headache, transitory or permanent visual disturbances (diplopia, loss of visual acuity) and the perception of intracranial noise. The cerebrospinal fluid is under increased pressure but the composition is normal. The eye fundus examination shows papillary edema, and the neuroradiological workup is normal. BICH can only be diagnosed once an expansive intracranial process, neuromeningeal infection, and non-communicative hydrocephalus have been ruled out. In the majority of cases, no etiology is found. Such cases of idiopathic BICH usually occur in overweight young women, although drugs can be implicated. Amphotericin B has not previously been held responsible for BICH. On the basis of this observation, we present a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Drug-induced benign intracranial hypertension. Apropos of a case with amphotericin B. Review of the literature]. 129 80

This paper examines the extent to which social responses to the AIDS epidemic contribute to the continued transmission of the virus, thereby exacerbating the biological impact of the epidemic. Following the model of McGrath (1991), social responses to AIDS are examined in terms of their impact on potential transmission of HIV. Responses are evaluated using established criteria for decreasing disease transmission: eliminating the source of infection, eliminating contact necessary for infection, decreasing susceptibility of hosts, or decreasing the infectivity of infectious persons. The most frequent responses to AIDS have been scapegoating, resulting in ostracism, stigma, and blame; resignation; use of alternative therapies; political mobilization; and research. With the exception of political mobilization in some communities, the social responses to AIDS have not decreased the biological impact of the epidemic, and, therefore, may not be "biologically appropriate".
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PMID:The biological impact of social responses to the AIDS epidemic. 130 Apr 11


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