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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HIV strains were isolated from HIV-infected patients and AIDS patients in CIS. A total of 81 HIV isolates were obtained. The isolates were identified by using immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay, by determining the activity of reverse transcriptase, immunoblot, electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction. Of the 81 isolates 79 were HIV-1 and 2 HIV-2. The strains differed in their infectivity, the kinetics of virus antigen accumulation, and the spectrum of susceptible cell lines. The viruses isolated may be assigned as two groups: high and low infective. The biological properties of the national HIV isolates were shown to be similar to the prototype HIV strains isolated elsewhere.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the HIV isolated from HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients on the territory of the CIS]. 128 12

The authors studied the immune status of 14 HIV-infected patients, 6 of whom had lymphadenopathy, 4 were diagnosed as having AIDS-related complex and 4, a full-blown AIDS. Analysis of laboratory findings showed that of predictive value are serum levels of immunoglobulin B, a CD4 cell count less than 200, reduced populations of CD20 and CD16 lymphocytes, and a depressed response to pokeweed mitogen. Based on the clinical manifestations and laboratory results, three stages characterizing the immune system in HIV infection have been identified.
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PMID:[The possibilities of using immunological indices as criteria for determining the stage of HIV infection and the disease prognosis]. 128 13

Azidothymidine (retrovir) and didesoxyinosine, which represent nucleoside agents, are major remedies in the treatment of HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The paper describes the molecular mechanism of their action. It implicates that triphosphates of these nucleosides selectively suppress the activity of reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) of HIV by a termination mechanism. This results in effective inhibition of HIV reproduction and recovery of lymphocyte count and yields marked therapeutical benefits. The new generation anti-HIV agents are nucleoside-based phosphonates which were discovered by Russian investigators in 1987. The agents having a significant anti-HIV activity are low toxic. Emphasis is made on combined therapy of HIV infection, which holds much promise.
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PMID:[Reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the therapy of HIV infection]. 128 19

By the end of 1991, there had been 417 reports of AIDS and 1620 reports of HIV-1 infection in persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who probably acquired their infection through sexual intercourse between men and women. Between 1986 and 1991, the proportion of AIDS cases attributable to heterosexual transmission increased from 2% to 14% and of diagnosed HIV-1 infections from 4% to 23%. Reported HIV-1 infections inadequately reflect the extent of infection as only individuals choosing to be tested can be reported. HIV-1 infection acquired during heterosexual intercourse may be the result of transmission from partners who were infected by routes other than heterosexual transmission (first generation transmission) or of transmission from infected partners who were themselves infected through heterosexual intercourse (second generation transmission). Of the 417 cases in which AIDS was acquired through heterosexual intercourse, 42 (10%) were categorised as due to first generation transmission, 328 (79%) as second generation transmission--abroad, and 47 (11%) as second generation transmission--UK. Transmission categories could be allocated to 1438 of the 1620 reports of HIV infection: 17% were categorised as first generation, 74% as second generation--abroad, and 9% as second generation--UK. Heterosexual transmission of HIV infection is increasing, both in individuals acquiring their infection abroad as well as those who become infected in the United Kingdom.
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PMID:Heterosexually acquired HIV-1 infection: cases reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1985 to 1991. 128 3

The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit is a joint undertaking of the British Paediatric Association, the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Department of Epidemiology at the Institute of Child Health, London. It provides an active case reporting system which aims to facilitate the surveillance of rare childhood infections and other conditions. Cards with a menu of up to twelve reportable disorders are sent monthly to more than 1100 paediatricians throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. The average response rate is 90%. Reported cases are followed up according to study protocols. Since its inception in 1986, the Unit has facilitated the study of a wide range of disorders, including HIV infection and AIDS, Reye's syndrome, Kawasaki disease, congenital rubella, neonatal herpes, congenital toxoplasmosis and acute rheumatic fever, and the number of new applications for surveys has increased in 1992-3. Several European paediatric organisations have expressed interest in setting up similar schemes in their own countries.
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PMID:The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit: activities and developments in 1990 and 1991. 128 32

The French-Italian Cooperative Study Group included patients with poor-prognosis AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), defined as those with performance status (PS) > or = 3 and/or opportunistic infections (OI), in a prospective study with a 50% reduced-dose combination chemotherapy regimen: CHVmP-Vincristine-bleo (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, doxorubicin 25 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, teniposide 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, prednisone 20 mg/m2 per os days 1-5, vincristine 2 mg i.v. day 15, and bleomycin 10 mg i.v. day 15), given every 21 days for eight cycles, and concomitant zidovudine 500 mg per os per day. The aims of this combined treatment were to reduce bone marrow toxicity and infectious complications related to chemotherapy (with a low-dose chemotherapy regimen), and to control the HIV and related infectious complications (with zidovudine therapy). Thirty-seven patients entered this prospective study. At the time of the NHL diagnosis, 41% of the patients had asymptomatic HIV infection, 27% had ARC and 32% had already had CDC-defined diagnoses of AIDS. The median CD4+ cell count was 35 mm3. Only 29 patients are evaluable for response, since 8 received only one cycle of chemotherapy. Fifteen of 29 (52%) patients obtained objective responses, with only 4 (14%) achieving complete remissions (CR) of 1, 4, 14 and 29+ months. Three (16%) CRs were achieved in 19 evaluable patients included in the study because of poor PS, and only one CR was observed in 10 evaluable patients with histories of OI, either alone or with poor PS. The most common side effect was bone marrow toxicity with 2 related toxic deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective study with combined low-dose chemotherapy and zidovudine in 37 patients with poor-prognosis AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. French-Italian Cooperative Study Group. 128 47

Between January 1987 and January 1991, 168 known HIV-infected prisoners have been incarcerated in Dublin's Mountjoy prison. This figure constitutes 16.6% of the total HIV-infected population in the Republic of Ireland over the same period. One hundred and forty-one (84%) of these prisoners have attended the Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin. This group displayed considerable morbidity from HIV-related disease. Respiratory tract infection was the most frequent complication seen. Much additional morbidity was directly attributable to intravenous drug use. A survey of a representative group of inmates revealed that 64.7% were diagnosed HIV-positive in prison. The mean length of time spent incarcerated since the diagnosis of HIV infection was 38.9 months. Twenty-nine of 34 individuals who answered a questionnaire were imprisoned for drug-related crimes and 32 of 34 prisoners admitted to parenteral drug use within the prison. As the HIV epidemic unfolds in Dublin, increasing numbers of prisoners with symptomatic HIV disease will spend time incarcerated in Mountjoy prison. This will pose a considerable burden on prison and hospital medical services alike.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:The impact of HIV disease on an Irish prison population. 128 18

Two hundred and fifty attendees at two London genitourinary medicine clinics were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, enquiring about sexual behaviour whilst abroad. Two hundred and forty-three questionnaires were evaluable. In the study group there were 116 women, and 127 men (62 heterosexuals and 65 homosexuals). Ninety women, 53 heterosexual men and 53 homosexual men had travelled abroad over the preceding 6 months. Of these 18 (20%) of women, 26 (51%) of heterosexual men and 19 (36%) of homosexual men had sex with a local foreign contact on holiday. Although both heterosexual and homosexual men were statistically more likely to have sex abroad with a local inhabitant, women were more likely to have unprotected sexual intercourse with a local partner. This has important implications for the spread of sexually transmitted disease including hepatitis B and HIV.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Sexual behaviour amongst travellers: a study of genitourinary medicine clinic attenders. 128 21

In this open-label, randomized, parallel-groups study the Authors compare the parenteral administration of a beta-lactamase inhibitor associated with a semisynthetic penicillin (sulbactam-ampicillin) with the oral administration of a 3rd-generation quinolone (ofloxacin), in 20 HIV-infected subjects suffering from lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections. 12 patients were classified as AIDS, 6 as ARC (AIDS related complex) and 2 as asymptomatic seropositives. The risk of becoming HIV-infected and the work load for the health staff were also evaluated. The clinical and microbiological results indicate that oral ofloxacin is as effective as parenteral sulbactam-ampicillin for the treatment of LRT infections in HIV-positive individuals. In addition, the members of the health staff reported significantly less difficulty in administering ofloxacin in respect to sulbactam-ampicillin.
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PMID:AIDS patients with bacterial lower respiratory tract infections: treatment with ofloxacin versus sulbactam-ampicillin. 128 39

In our study 77 AIDS patients suffering from oral and/or esophageal candidiasis were evaluated: 38 received fluconazole, 39 ketoconazole. We analyzed the rates of clinical and mycological responses, relapses and toxicities. In vitro susceptibility tests for both antifungal drugs were performed by evaluating their Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). The azole drugs investigated show a good activity in the treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis also in advanced stages of HIV infection. Clinical cure or improvement were achieved in 29 (76.3%) and 31 (79.4%) of the patients treated with fluconazole or ketoconazole respectively. Clinical or laboratory adverse experiences related to fluconazole were seen in 7 (21.2%) patients while ketoconazole provoked adverse experiences in 9 (26.4%) patients. In vitro susceptibility tests, if repeated more than once, both in primary infection and relapses, could be important to demonstrate a probable sensitivity change or resistance of the tested strains.
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PMID:Fluconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of oral and esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. 128 40


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