Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluates a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to HIV-1 antigens (DuPont anti-gp120, gp41, p24; Olympus anti-gp120/160, gp41, p24A, p24B, p55, p18A, p18B, reverse transcriptase) for their ability to detect the virus in tissues after exposure to various fixatives (100% acetone, 10% formaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde/1% glutaraldehyde, Bouin's fluid) and after paraffin embedding. Acetone, 10% formaldehyde, and Bouin's fluid all preserved a wide range of viral epitopes compared with other fixatives. The most robust MAbs were DuPont p24 and Olympus p55, which produced excellent staining regardless of the fixative used. Embedding in paraffin variability influenced the capacity of MAbs to detect HIV-1 epitopes on fixed cells. Certain antibodies (e.g., DuPont gp24, Olympus p24B) produced good staining, whereas other epitopes (e.g., DuPont gp120, formaldehyde) were destroyed. In some cases, paraffin embedding revealed antigenic sites that had been formerly masked (e.g., Olympus gp120 and p24A; formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde fixation). These results indicate that HIV-1 antigens can be detected by immunohistology on cells exposed to most common fixatives. Therefore, retrospective analysis of pathological material is possible, provided that the antibodies are matched to the fixative used to preserve the tissue.
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PMID:Effects of fixation and paraffin embedding on the immunohistological detection of cell-associated HIV-1 by different monoclonal antibodies. 754 12

A 134-mer peptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of p24 (residues 146-279 of the gag gene product of the LAV strain) was chemically synthesized using highly optimised protocols on an ABI 430A synthesizer. The crude peptide was obtained by treating the peptide-resin with HF, then purified by a combination of size exclusion and RP-HPLC. One hundred milligram of 90% pure 134-mer can be obtained within a month. Both mice and rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against a commercial preparation of recombinant p24, and a pooled sera from HIV-1 infected individuals reacted strongly with the 134-mer peptide in ELISA. Both mice and rabbits immunized with the free peptide emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant generated strong anti-peptide and anti-p24 antibody responses as judged by immunoblots and ELISAs. Immunodominant epitopes were mapped to residues 201-227 (LKETINEEAAEWDRVHPVHAGPIAPG). These B-cell epitopes had previously been identified by mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against HIV-1 virus or gag gene products. Furthermore, murine T-cell lines generated against the 134-mer peptide were found to respond to two short peptides, P24B (residues 195-215) and P24D1 (residues 268-279). These two T-cell epitopes were previously reported as human helper T-cell and CTL epitopes, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the synthetic 134-mer peptide could elicit both T- and B-cell responses to HIV-1 similar to those obtained with the natural viral gag protein, and could be useful for the development of a synthetic HIV vaccine.
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PMID:Synthesis and immunological characterization of a 134-mer synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal half of the HIV-1 nucleoprotein, p24. 767 66