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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reports findings from a study of the knowledge and attitude toward AIDS of 738 secondary school youths in Calabar. Queried in March 1991, 10.3% of the respondents were under age 15, while 79.5% were aged 15-20. 92% had heard about AIDs, with 79-85% doing so through the mass media. The input of parents and teachers was noted in less than 40% of cases. 30% did not know AIDS existed in Nigeria. Most knew that promiscuity, blood transfusions, sharing injection needles and syringes are the major modes of transmission, yet some held that toilet seats, eating utensils, hand-shaking, and kissing are risk factors for contracting HIV. Only 31% were aware that condoms provide protection, so their use to that end was suggested by only 2.6%. Instead, 45% prefer to abstain and 19% choose to remain monogamous in order to protect themselves from HIV. To prevent the spread of AIDS, 37% recommended that cases be isolated, 34% recommended treatment, and 14% though cases should be executed. 77% and 63% responded that they would stop seeing, respectively, friends and relatives who develop AIDS. 61% were unaware that no cure exists for AIDS. In light of these findings, it is recommended that doctors in the community help disseminate accurate information with the support of parents, teachers, and youths.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: education exposure, knowledge and attitude of Nigerian adolescents in Calabar. 128 69

The paper provides an epidemiological characterization of HIV infection spread in a Russia's large region with more than 10 million people. The epidemiological findings show that the significant onset of HIV infection occurred among the population in this region in mid 1988. Homosexuals and bisexuals are prevalent among the HIV-infected, sexual contact is the main mode of HIV transmission. In addition to delivery of HIV infection from foreign countries, there are cases of local transmission. The clinical evidence indicates that most HIV-infected people are asymptomatic. Herpes viruses, Mycobacteria tuberculosis, Toxoplasma and fungi are common among causative agents of AIDS-related infections.
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PMID:[Clinico-epidemiological analysis of the cases of HIV infection in the north-western region of Russia]. 128 9

The clinical manifestations and some immunological parameters (CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, IgM, IgA, IgG levels, skin test) were examined in 226 adult patients (148 males and 78 females) infected with HIV. These included 58 (26%) asymptomatic patients with seropositive test, 109 (48%) with the only clinical manifestation generalized lymphadenopathy; 54 (24%) with AIDS-related infections, 5 (2%) with AIDS. A subsequent follow-up of 3 months to 3 years demonstrated that AIDS developed in 7 patients, 9 died. The period of infection with HIV and death ranged from 1.5 to 9 years. The signs of cell immunodeficiency were found in 70% of the examinees. Recommendations are given on the classification of HIV infection.
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PMID:[Clinical manifestations and the problems of classification of HIV infection]. 128 10

Impaired hemostasis was studied in 50 adult patients with HIV infection. The blood coagulative potential, the number and functional activity of platelets were examined. Platelet aggregation and secretion were shown to change earlier than thrombocytopenia developed and clinical signs of HIV infection appeared. The disturbance in the plasma section of hemostasis are due to concurrent opportunistic diseases and infections.
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PMID:[Hemostatic disorders in patients with HIV infection]. 128 11

To determine the prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii in the HIV-infection department, a simultaneous survey was made of 33 HIV-infected patients at various stages of the disease, of close relatives that were nursing the patients in the unit (n-7), and of medical staff of the department (n-20). Patients with toxic infections who were on another floor of the same hospital and medical students were examined as a control group. For detection of P. carinii antigen, smears from the deep airways were tested in the immunofluorescence. P. carinii was detected in 87.7% of HIV-infected patients, in 71.4% of their relatives and in 80.0% of the medical staff, in 16.6% of control patients and 27.7% of students. The main type of the infectious process in pneumocystosis is its carriage; 2 patients at a stage of relapses (IIIB) that corresponds to AIDS were recorded as having pneumocystis pneumonia.
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PMID:[Pneumocystis carinii infection in a HIV infection department]. 128 14

A total of 55 males aged 19.5 to 62 years who were infected with HIV were examined psychopathologically+ and neuropsychologically by A.R. Luria's methods. Twenty-one of these patients were homosexuals. Syphilis was recorded in 34.7% in this group. Lymphadenopathy was the major clinical sign of HIV infection. Symptoms of organic involvements+ of the central nervous system were revealed by a psychopathological method. Neuropsychological studies detected dysfunction of the right cerebral hemisphere, particularly in a group of homosexuals suffering from syphilis.
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PMID:[Clinico-experimental study of mental processes in men with HIV infection]. 128 16

The functional activity of peripheral phagocytes were comparatively studied in 14 HIV-infected patients and 28 patients with chronic Herpes simplex viral infection. The two groups exhibited lowered adhesive capacity of phagocytes, impaired production and excretion of active oxygen metabolites. In addition, the patients with chronic Herpes simplex infection showed much elevated levels of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase, which indicated its compensatory pattern. The HIV infected had no enhanced enzymatic activity. One cannot rule out that these differences in the functional activity of phagocytes are associated with different effects of viral peptides on the cellular wall of phagocytes.
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PMID:[Comparative analysis of functional activity of peripheral blood phagocytes in HIV-infected patients and in those with recurrent herpes simplex]. 128 17

The paper presents examination findings of 67 HIV-infected patients: 32 children aged 2.5 to 16 years and 35 adults aged 21 to 46 years. The proportion of patients with higher alpha-tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 beta increased with progression of the disease, the two parameters being higher in the children than in the adults. A correlation was found between the appearance of cytokines in the plasma and some clinical signs, such as fever, weight loss, anemia, neurological disorders. A parallel study of the patients' immunograms indicated significant correlations between the degree of impairments in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations and the appearance of plasma cytokines.
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PMID:[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in the blood plasma of patients with HIV infection]. 128 18

The comparative study of HIV-positive and clinically healthy persons has indicated that the antigens of M. pneumoniae, M. fermentans and U. urealyticum are encountered nearly twice more frequently in the blood of HIV-infected patients than in that of healthy individuals. Mycoplasma antibodies are detected in HIV-positive persons 12 times more frequently than in healthy ones. Among the HIV-infected persons there are those who have simultaneously antigens of some Mycoplasma species.
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PMID:[Detection of Mycoplasma and its antibodies in the blood of HIV-positive patients and in healthy persons]. 128 19

The paper describes the enzyme immunoassay system for detection of human immunodeficiency virus antigens, which is based on the use of rabbit anti-HIV antibodies and monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1 gene proteins gag. The system may be useful in the examination of laboratory and clinical samples to reveal both free and conjugated antigens in the composition of immune complexes. The sensitivity of the assay system under development is 0.5 ng/ml at 100% specificity.
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PMID:[The immunoenzyme test system for detection of HIV-1 antigens based on using immune polyclonal anti-HIV serum and monoclonal antibodies against gene GAG HIV-1 proteins]. 128 20


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