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Query: UMLS:C0019621 (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
 3,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes insipidus is a heterogeneous condition characterized by polyuria and polydipsia caused by a lack of secretion of vasopressin, its physiological suppression following excessive water intake, or kidney resistance to its action. In many patients, it is caused by the destruction or degeneration of the neurons that originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Known causes of these lesions include: germinoma or craniopharyngioma; Langerhans cell histiocytosis and sarcoidosis of the central nervous system; local inflammatory, autoimmune or vascular diseases; trauma following surgery or accident; and, rarely, genetic defects in vasopressin biosynthesis inherited as autosomal dominant or X-linked recessive traits. Thirty to fifty percent of cases are considered idiopathic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows identification of the posterior pituitary hyperintensity and of hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities. Thickening of the pituitary stalk is the second most common finding on MRI scans in several local inflammatory pathologies and autoimmune diseases or germinoma, but it is not specific to any single subtype. A progressive increase in the size of the anterior pituitary gland should alert physicians to the possibility that a germinoma is present, whereas a decrease can suggest the presence of an inflammatory or autoimmune process. Most children with acquired central diabetes insipidus and a thickened pituitary stalk have anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies during follow-up. Biopsy of enlarged pituitary stalk should be reserved for patients with a hypothalamic-pituitary mass and progressive thickening of the pituitary stalk, since spontaneous recovery may occur.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus. 1256 20

We describe a new case of isolated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the hypothalamus. A 53-year-old female patient presented with polydipsia, headache, anorexia, and fatigue. Neurological imaging revealed a mass projecting from the hypothalamus into the third ventricle. Gross total removal of the tumor was performed. Light microscopy showed LCH, and immunohistochemical studies revealed S-100 and CD1a immunoreactivity in the Langerhans cells. Although the most common CNS site for LCH is the hypothalamus, isolated hypothalamic LCH, confirmed by biopsy, is very rare. The residual mass appeared to remit spontaneously 3.5 years after surgery, with regrowth 3 years later.
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PMID:A case of isolated langerhans cell histiocytosis of the hypothalamus with remission and regrowth after surgery. 1570 Aug 40

Diabetes insipidus is a heterogeneous condition characterised by polyuria and polydipsia caused by a lack of secretion of vasopressin, its physiological suppression following excessive water intake, or kidney resistance to its action. The clinical and laboratory diagnosis is confirmed by standard tests, but recent advances in molecular biology and imaging techniques have shed new light on the pathophysiology of this disease. In many patients, central diabetes insipidus is caused by a germinoma or craniopharyngioma; Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and sarcoidosis of the central nervous system; local inflammatory, autoimmune or vascular diseases; trauma from surgery or accident; and, rarely, genetic defects in vasopressin biosynthesis inherited as autosomal dominant or X-linked recessive traits. Thirty to fifty percent of cases are considered idiopathic. Tumour-associated central diabetes insipidus is uncommon in children younger than 5 years old. Biopsy of enlarged pituitary stalk should be reserved for patients with hypothalamic-pituitary mass and progressive thickening of the pituitary stalk since spontaneous recovery may occur. Molecular biology in selected patients may identify those with apparently idiopathic diabetes insipidus carrying the vasopressin-neurophysin II gene mutation.
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PMID:Current perspective on the pathogenesis of central diabetes insipidus. 1612 39

Progressive mucinous histiocytosis is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis limited to the skin. Ten cases--all women--in four families and one sporadic case have been described in the literature. The disorder usually begins in childhood and progresses slowly. We report two sporadic cases of adult-onset progressive mucinous histiocytosis in unrelated African-American women, aged 48 and 55 years, respectively, who developed red-brown and flesh-coloured, asymptomatic papules on the face, the arms and the legs without truncal, mucosal or visceral involvement. The lesions showed no spontaneous regression. Both patients lacked associated systemic symptoms, including polyuria, polydipsia or seizures. There was no underlying hyperlipidaemia, paraproteinaemia or lymphoproliferative disease. No family history of similar lesions could be identified. Light microscopy revealed dermal proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes with abundant mucin deposition. Electron microscopy demonstrated a high number of myelin figures or zebra bodies in the cytoplasm of histiocytes. On immunohistochemistry, positive staining with macrophage markers--CD68, HAM56 and lysozyme--and factor XIIIa, a transglutaminase present in dermal dendrocytes, and negative staining with Langerhans' cell markers--CD1a and S100--and CD34, a marker present in dermal dendritic cells derived from uncommitted mesenchymal cells, were observed.
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PMID:Two sporadic cases of adult-onset progressive mucinous histiocytosis. 1642 Mar 13

Langerhan's cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder in which granulomatous deposits occur at multiple sites within the body. The aetiology is unknown. Is more frequent in children. Presenting symptoms are polyuria and polydipsia, due to diabetes insipidus, other symptoms are skin rash, dyspnea and tachypnea. Diagnosis is reached by biopsy of lesions, in which Langerhan's cell are found. Prognosis is variable, depending the site affected; therefore, treatment must be individually. The hyperprolactinaemia in LCH is very rare and its related with anterior pituitary deficiency. There are not many cases described, all of them during the course of the disease, not as the onset. We describe a 22 year-old woman with Langerhan's cell histiocytosis which initial presentation was fever and hyperprolactinaemia.
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PMID:[Fever and hyperprolactinaemia as the onset of Langerhans cell histiocytosis]. 1645 88

We report a case of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with lung, bone and pituitary involvement. A 20-year-old man developed thirst, polydipsia and polyuria in 1983. He had right femur pain from 1988 and osseous LCH was diagnosed based on the operated specimen in 1989. From July 1990, he had right chest pain on coughing and dyspnea and was admitted in November 1990. LCH involving the lungs was diagnosed by CT images and diabetes insipidus was also detected. Steroid therapy was started from 1991, but he discontinued it in 1998. Though he stopped smoking, his clinical symptoms worsened and he experienced bilateral pneumothoraces in 2002 and since then he has been receiving home oxygen therapy. Pulmonary LCH is thought to have a good prognosis, but in recent studies, its survival rate appears low. We report a case of multisystem LCH with lung deterioration over about 15 years.
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PMID:[A case of multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with lung deterioration over 15 years]. 1684 15

A 57-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of non-healing inguinal and perianal ulcers as well as a 2-year history of polydipsia. The clinical picture and histology suggested Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed hypothalamic-pituitary axis involvement. Treatment was started with thalidomide and desmopressin. The skin lesions resolved over 2 months. Over the next 24 months of continued therapy, the cerebral involvement remained stable and the skin lesions did not recur.
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PMID:Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: successful treatment with thalidomide. 1790 34

A 32-year-old Chinese woman presented for further investigation with a 6-year history of polyuria and polydipsia, a 4-year history of vulva ulceration and a 2-year history of gingival swelling. A biopsy of the vulva lesion showed diffuse infiltration of medium-sized cells with lobulated, grooved, vesicular nuclei. Occasional mitoses were present. The infiltrate of the cells showed reactivity with antibody to S-100 protein and CD1a, confirming the diagnosis of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). Cephalic magnetic resonance imaging scanning revealed that an 8 x 7 x 8 mm3 large mass was located at the pituitary stalk. An X-ray film of the jaw showed sharply demarcated rarefaction of the right posterior portion of the mandible. In women with diabetes insipidus and genital ulcer, LCH should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement in an adult. 1795 44

In pediatric and adolescent patients, the most common causes for a thickened pituitary stalk with central diabetes insipidus are germ cell tumors, lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis (LIN), and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). We describe here a 13-year-old girl who had an abrupt onset of polyuria and polydipsia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed thickening of the pituitary stalk, and loss of the physiological hyperintense signal of the posterior pituitary gland. Based on a histopathology, she was diagnosed as having LCH. Another LCH lesion was not detected. The prognoses for LCH patients with single-system and single-site are generally good so we decided on only simple observation. The lesion spontaneously regressed 3 months later, resembling a typical self-limiting course of LIN. In conclusion, the present case suggests that 1) radiological differential diagnosis between LIN and LCH is so difficult that histological confirmation is crucial for correct diagnosis, 2) some past cases of histologically-unconfirmed LIN can include LCH, 3) solitary neurohypophyseal LCH can shrink spontaneously up to near remission level.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of isolated neurohypophyseal langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus. 1946 Nov 61

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. We retrospectively reviewed data from four patients (3 males and 1 female), mean age 33.5 years old (range: 21-40), with histopathological diagnosis of LCH. All of them presented with symptoms suggestive of endocrine involvement. The main complaint was goiter in two patients and polyuria and polydipsia in three. Before the LCH diagnosis, two patients had unevaluated symptoms of diabetes insipidus (DI) and hypogonadism. The mean time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was 6.25 years (range: 2-13). Histopathological diagnosis was established by total thyroidectomy (TT) biopsy in two patients, skin lesion biopsy in one, and pituitary stalk biopsy in the other. In the two-first patients, surgery was indicated after the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showed a false positive result of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and immunohistochemistry was used for diagnosis confirmation. Three cases were treated with chemotherapy; one of them had already received radiation therapy on the hypothalamic-pituitary region, developing post-radiation hypopituitarism.
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PMID:Endocrine manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis diagnosed in adults. 2055 37


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