Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019621 (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
 3,250 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In contrary to the adult age the most common suprasellar tumors in children are with decreasing frequency craniopharyngiomas, chiasmatic/hypothalamic low-grade gliomas, germinomas and lesions attributable to a Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For differential diagnostic purposes also the rare hypothalamic hamartoma and meningeal metastases in the infundibular recess of the third ventricle are included. The typical aspects of the various tumors on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with important clinical differences are illustrated. On the basis of imaging results and clinical symptoms differential diagnosis between the various tumor entities should be feasible in many cases. Of course, only in strictly defined cases like typical chiasmatic/hypothalamic and optic pathway gliomas or bilocular germ cell tumors a histological confirmation is dispensable.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of suprasellar tumors in children. 1556 47

The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the study of peripheral lung lesions has never been systematically investigated. We evaluated the CEUS patterns of 98 peripheral lung lesions before performing US-guided fine-needle biopsies (FNB). The examinations were done with an Esaote Technos MPX scanner in the harmonic mode with a mechanical index of 0.04 or less. Contrast enhancement was achieved with a 4.8 mL bolus of SonoVue (Bracco) administered via an antecubital vein. All FNBs performed under CEUS guidance were adequate for pathologic diagnosis. Seventy-eight lesions were malignant: 33 (41.9%) were adenocarcinomas, 29 (36.5%) were squamous-cell carcinomas, 13 (17.6%) were undifferentiated large-cell carcinomas and the remaining three (4.1%) were small-cell carcinomas. All presented intralesional enhancement consistent with tumor neovascularization. In some cases, there were unenhanced areas consistent with zones of necrosis and these areas were avoided during FNB. The other 20 lesions were benign (four lipomas, two fibrous lung tumor, two noncaseous granulomas, six abscesses, one rheumatoid nodule, one histiocytosis X, one chondroid hamartoma, one sclerosing hemangioma, two sarcoid nodules) and none presented intralesional enhancement. This initial and admittedly limited experience suggests that CEUS may provide diagnostically useful information on peripheral lung lesions and increase the diagnostic yield of transthoracic FNB by reducing the risk of inadequate tissue sampling.
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PMID:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the study of peripheral lung lesions: a preliminary study. 1704 65

While pediatric orbital tumors are most often managed in tertiary care centers, clinicians should be aware of the signs of intraocular and orbital neoplasms. In the pediatric population, a delay in diagnosis of orbital and intraocular lesions, even if benign, can lead to vision loss and deformity. Intraocular lesions reviewed are retinoblastoma, medulloepithelioma, and retinal astrocytic hamartoma. Orbital neoplasms reviewed are rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma metastases, optic pathway glioma, plexiform neurofibroma, leukemia, lymphoprolipherative disease, orbital inflammatory syndrome, dermoid and epidermoid inclusion cysts, and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Vascular lesions reviewed are infantile hemangioma and venous lymphatic malformation. In conjunction with clinical examination, high-resolution ophthalmic imaging and radiologic imaging play an important role in making a diagnosis and differentiating between benign and likely malignant processes. The radiologic imaging characteristics of these lesions will be discussed to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. The current treatment modalities and management of tumors will also be reviewed.
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PMID:A clinical update and radiologic review of pediatric orbital and ocular tumors. 2357 29

Perianal lesions in children are common reasons for dermatology clinic visits and a well-defined approach to diagnosis and management is helpful to the practicing clinician. In this article, we review and update various etiologies of perianal lesions in the pediatric population, including infectious, papulosquamous, vascular, and neoplastic. We provide a standard initial approach to diagnosis and updates on current management. Infectious etiologies of perianal lesions discussed in this article include fungal, bacterial, parasitic, and viral. Perianal papulosquamous lesions often encountered in children, and discussed in this article, include acrodermatitis enteropathica, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and many others. We also discuss the diagnosis and management of other entities including infantile hemangiomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and fibrous hamartoma of infancy.
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PMID:Perianal Lesions in Children: An Updated Review. 2828 85