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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lumbar puncture is the best way to prove bacterial meningitis. It should be performed without any delay if the diagnosis is suspected. Herniation is a rare complication of LP. CT is normal in most cases of purulent meningitis, including those complicated by a subsequent herniation; normal CT results does not mean that performing a LP is safe. Three main clinical features can help determine which patient is at risk of herniation and should have a CT before LP. This risk has to be determined rapidly in the emergency ward while assessing anamnestic data, localization signs or symptoms, and level of consciousness. Cranial imaging (mainly MRI) is useful in the course of bacterial meningitis. Patients who do not respond well to treatment or with atypical presentation, persistence of fever, or new neurological signs should undergo brain imaging; MRI and CT may identify subdural effusions, brain abscesses, empyemas, hydrocephaly, or brain parenchymal changes (cerebritis, infarction, hemorrhage). CT and MRI are useful to screen for an ENT cause of bacterial meningitis, and mandatory in case of pneumococcal meningitis. Numerous MRI sequences are useful to identify bacterial meningitis complications: SE T1 without and with gadolinium injection, SE T2, FLAIR, gradient-echo T2, diffusion weighted imaging, MR angiography.
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PMID:[Indication of neuro-imaging for the initial management and the follow-up of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis]. 1939 88

Prenatal imaging has benefitted from rapid technological progress in the last ten years. Ultrasound remains the standard screening method for fetal malformations but can be hindered by the bony structure of the skull. In particular, it can be difficult to distinguish between white and grey matter. MRI is a useful complementary method for detecting brain malformations. In particular, MRI is necessary to detect associated malformations and to obtain a precise diagnosis when ultrasound examination shows ventricular dilation. MRI is taking an increasingly important place in the assessment and prognostication of extracranial malformations such as congenital diaphagmatic hernia. We reviewed 2885 fetal MRI examinations. Fetal computed tomography is gradually replacing plain maternal abdominal radiography. We examined 90 CT films for fetal bone malformations.
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PMID:[MRI and fetal multidetector CT in the diagnosis of fetal malformations]. 1944 73

Prenatal diagnosis of concomitant duodenal atresia (DA) and esophageal atresia (EA) without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) (Gross type A) is very rare. We describe prenatal findings of one such case. Sonographic examination of a 26-week fetus showed a double cystic structure and an intrathoracic cyst. MRI and ultrasound at 26 weeks and 2 days' gestation showed shrinkage of the stomach and duodenum, massive ascites, and the presence of dilated pouch-like structure in the thoracic inlet level, consistent with an upper pouch sign. Polyhydramnios was detected at 30 weeks' gestation. Prenatal diagnosis was concomitant DA and an intrathoracic anomaly such as congenital hiatal hernia, diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal duplication or EA. A boy was delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. Physical examination showed a markedly distended abdomen and imperforate anus. Emergency surgery revealed existing DA and EA without TEF (Gross type A).
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PMID:Prenatal findings of concomitant duodenal and esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula (Gross type A). 1957 91

A case of meconium periorchitis detected by fetal MRI and misdiagnosed during pregnancy as inguinoscrotal hernia is reported for the first time. A full-term black boy presented at birth with an asymptomatic, 'stony-hard', scrotal mass suggestive of an in utero testicular torsion or testicular/paratesticular tumor. Early surgical treatment resulted in the removal of paratesticular yellowish amorphous material. Histology was consistent with the diagnosis of meconium periorchitis, a rare and benign condition resulting from healed intrauterine bowel perforation.
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PMID:Meconium periorchitis: a rare cause of fetal scrotal cyst--MRI and pathologic appearance. 1981 29

Intraradicular lumbar disc herniation is a rare complication of disc disease that is generally diagnosed only during surgery. The mechanism for herniated disc penetration into the intradural space is not known with certainty, but adhesion between the radicular dura and the posterior longitudinal ligament was suggested as the most important condition. The authors report the first case of an intraradicular lumbar disc herniation without subdural penetration; the disc hernia was lodged between the two radicular dura layers. The patient, a 34-year-old soldier, was admitted with a 12-month history of low back pain and episodic left sciatica. Neurologic examination showed a positive straight leg raising test on the left side without sensory, motor or sphincter disturbances. Spinal CT scan and MRI exploration revealed a left posterolateral osteophyte formation at the L5-S1 level with an irregular large disc herniation, which migrated superiorly. An intradural extension was suspected. A left L5 hemilaminectomy and S1 foraminotomy were performed. The exploration revealed a large fragment of disc material located between the inner and outer layers of the left S1 radicular dura. The mass was extirpated without cerebrospinal fluid outflow. The postoperative course was uneventful. Radicular interdural lumbar disc herniation should be suspected when a swollen, hard and immobile nerve root is present intraoperatively.
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PMID:Radicular interdural lumbar disc herniation. 1988 8

Sciatic hernia is a rare condition with diverse clinical manifestations. We report a case of sciatic hernia causing sciatica, in which the diagnosis made on CT was subsequently confirmed on MRI including magnetic resonance neurography. The salient clinical and imaging features and a brief review are presented.
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PMID:Sciatic hernia causing sciatica: MRI and MR neurography showing entrapment of sciatic nerve. 2019 31

We present a case of a dermoid cyst located in the round ligament in a patient with a preliminary diagnosis of inguinal hernia. The dermoid cyst was diagnosed based on MRI findings and confirmed histopathologically. Dermoid cyst (mature teratoma) is a congenital cystic tumour formed by the well-developed (mature) tissues of at least two of the three germinal layers. It is mainly encountered in the gonads. Location within the round ligament is quite rare. Due to the anatomical localization of the round ligament, dermoid cysts within it or other inguinal canal masses are usually misdiagnosed as inguinal hernia. However, when an inguinal canal mass is encountered, despite the higher hernia frequency, a proper suspicion and investigation with regard to masses in this area could be extremely important in preventing intraoperative surprises.
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PMID:A dermoid cyst of the round ligament clinically misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia. 2030 16

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) can cause low back pain when its joint capsule and ligamentous tissue are damaged. We report our experience in treating three SIJ dysfunction patients presenting with acute low back pain (a 38 year-old male, a 24 year-old male, and a 32 year-old female). SIJ dysfunction was diagnosed using the one-finger test, the modified Newton test, and SIJ injection. In all three patients, lumbar MRI demonstrated slightly degenerated lumbar lesions (lumbar canal stenosis, lumbar disc hernia). Two patients had paresthesia or pain in the leg and all three patients showed iliac muscle tenderness in the groin, which was thought to be a referred symptom because of improvement after SIJ injection. The two male patients returned to work and the problems have not recurred. Although our female patient resumed daily life as a housewife, her condition recurred at intervals of 2-3 months and she required regular SIJ injections. The prevalence of SIJ dysfunction of low back pain is about 10%, so it should be considered as a differential diagnosis when treating low back pain and designing treatment for lumbar spinal disorders.
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PMID:[Sacroiliac joint dysfunction presented with acute low back pain: three case reports]. 2062 93

Morgagni hernia is an extremely rare form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Only 6 cases of this condition have been reported in the English literature, as diagnosed prenatally. The prognosis of the disease is determined by the severity of the pulmonary hypoplasia and associated anomalies. Here we report a case of Morgagni hernia with massive pericardial effusion diagnosed by ultrasonography and MRI during the second trimester, enabling planning of appropriate treatment in the pre- and perinatal periods.
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PMID:Morgagni hernia with massive pericardial effusion diagnosed in the second trimester: prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management. 2071 16

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation characterized by a localized outpouching from the cardiac chamber. The patient is usually asymptomatic. However, complications like embolism, infective endocarditis, arrhythmia and, rarely, rupture can be the initial presentation. Diagnosis can be established by USG, echocardiography, CT angiography, and MRI. We report here two neonates with congenital left ventricular apical diverticulum associated with epigastric hernia.
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PMID:Case series: Congenital left ventricular diverticulum. 2104 48


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