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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrasonography(US) of the scrotum has been demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis of fluid in the scrotal sac. Grayscale US characterizes the lesions as testicular or extratesticular and, with color Doppler, power Doppler and pulse Doppler, any perfusion can also be assessed. Cystic or encapsulated fluid collections are relatively common benign lesions that usually present as palpable testicular lumps. Most cysts arise in the epidydimis, but all anatomical structures of the scrotum can be the site of their origin. US may suggest a specific diagnosis for a wide variety of intrascrotal cystic and fluid lesions and appropriately guide therapeutic options. The paper reviews the current knowledge of ultrasound in conditions with fluid in the testis and scrotum. The review presents the applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hydrocele, testicular cysts, epididymal cysts, spermatoceles, tubular ectasia, hernia and hematoceles. The aim of this paper is to provide a pictorial review of the common and uncommon presentation of fluid within the scrotal spaces.
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PMID:Common and Uncommon Presentation of Fluid within the Scrotal Spaces. 2768 51

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microsurgical crossover vasovasostomy in treating complicated obstructive azoospermia. Methods: The data of 14 patients with complicated obstructive azoospermia treated with microsurgical crossover vasovasostomy were reviewed from October 2012 to March 2016.Ten of them underwent microsurgical crossover vasovasostomy. Intraoperative exploration revealed that 2 patients had vas deferens injury and contralateral testicular atrophy or epididymal obstruction due to previous hernia repair; 7 patients had obstruction of intracorporeal vas deferens on one side and epididymal obstruction on the other side; the other 1 patient had unilateral vasal obstruction with contralateral epididymal obstruction. Furthermore, 4 patients underwent microsurgical crossover vasoepididymostomy, including 3 patients who had obstruction at caput epididymis on one side, and obstruction at cauda epididymis and distal vas deferens on the other side; the other patient had absence of vas deferens in the scrotum on one side, and testicular atrophy on the other side. Regular follow-up visits were conducted after the surgery. Results: Two patients were lost to follow-up; the other 12 patients were follow-up for an average of 11 (range: 2-23) months. In the 10 cases receiving microsurgical crossover vasovasostomy (including 2 patients lost to follow-up), 1 has not undergone semen re-analysis, 6 were confirmed patent, including 3 reporting spontaneous pregnancy. The patency rate in the 4 patients receiving microsurgical crosseover vasoepididymostomy was 2/4, with 1 patient reporting spontaneous pregnancy. There was no complaint of discomfort or complications following the surgery. Conclusions: Microsurgical crossover anastomosis may be effective and safe for patients with complicated obstructive azoospermia, according to preoperative assessment and intraoperative exploration. It allows natural conception for patients with refractory infertility. The microsurgical crossover anastomosis could be an effective therapy to achieve satisfactory patency of vas deferens.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of microsurgical crossover anastomosis in treating complicated obstructive azoospermia]. 2776 Jun 28

Chronic orchialgia is a vexing condition defined as chronic or intermittent scrotal pain lasting at least three months that significantly interferes with daily activities. There are currently no guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition despite it being the cause of 2.5-4.8% of urologic clinic visits. Men often present with chronic orchialgia in their mid to late 30s, although the condition can present at any age. A broad differential diagnosis of chronic orchialgia includes epididymitis, testicular torsion, tumors, obstruction, varicocele, epididymal cysts, hydrocele, iatrogenic injury following vasectomy or hernia repair, and referred pain from a variety of sources including mid-ureteral stone, indirect inguinal hernia, aortic or common iliac artery aneurysms, lower back disorders, interstitial cystitis, and nerve entrapment due to perineural fibrosis; approximately 25-50% of chronic orchialgia is idiopathic in nature. In such cases, it is reasonable to consider psychological and psychosocial factors that may be contributing to chronic pain. Invasive testing is not recommended in the work-up of chronic orchialgia.
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PMID:Chronic orchialgia: epidemiology, diagnosis and evaluation. 2872 16


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