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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrasonography (US) is the modality of choice for prenatal screening, but occasionally additional imaging information is needed. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an attractive alternative but until recently has been limited by motion artifact. Single-shot fast spin-echo MR imaging was used to depict normal and abnormal anatomy in 26 fetuses. Thirteen studies were performed for maternal indications and 13 were performed to evaluate fetal abnormalities identified or suspected at US. Three of the fetal abnormalities involved the central nervous system (CNS) and 10 involved other anatomic sites. Results were correlated with findings at postnatal clinical examination, imaging, and pathologic analysis. MR imaging demonstrated normal fetal anatomy without substantial motion artifact. CNS structures were well visualized as early as 18-20 weeks gestation, as were most other normal anatomic structures except the heart. MR imaging also allowed characterization of a variety of abnormalities of the CNS (Arnold-Chiari malformation, Walker-Warburg syndrome, amniotic band syndrome) as well as of other structures (renal agenesis, multicystic dysplastic kidney, abdominal masses, severe limb-body wall defect, clubfoot with arthrogryposis, diaphragmatic hernia). US findings were confirmed in most cases, and additional information about the precise diagnosis or the severity or location of the anomaly often helped guide clinical management. Single-shot fast spin-echo MR imaging of the fetus is a useful adjunct to US in difficult diagnostic situations.
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PMID:Single-shot fast spin-echo MR imaging of the fetus: a pictorial essay. 1051 56

Ultrafast MRI sequences have changed the use of MRI for evaluating fetal abnormalities. Currently, the best application is the demonstration of normal fetal brain development and the further definition of suspected brain abnormalities found on ultrasound. MRI differentiates well the various types of fetal ventriculomegaly. Superior posterior fossa visualization allows differentiation of Dandy Walker malformation from a large cisterna magna. Anomalies of the corpus callosum and some disorders of neuronal migration can be seen. MRI is also valuable in the evaluation of fetal giant neck masses for planning delivery of the baby and surgery for life threatening airway obstruction. In the chest, MRI differentiates masses such as diaphragmatic hernia, cystic adenomatoid malformation and sequestration, and aids in planning fetal surgery because MRI directly visualizes the position of the lung, liver and bowel. MRI defines abnormalities of the urinary tract by demonstrating dysplastic pathology in the renal cortex and dilation of the collecting systems. Oligohydramnios does not effect MRI.
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PMID:MRI for the assessment of the malformed fetus. 1098 35

Fryns syndrome is an extremely rare developmental disorder associated with deletion of long arm of chromosome 16. Characteristics of the Fyns syndrome are: craniofacial dysmorfism, diaphragmatic defects with lung hypoplasia, distal digital hypoplasia, brain and urogenital abnormalities and other developmental disturbances. After the first description in two stillborn sisters by Fryns (1971), new reports appeared with descriptions included disorders which have not described previously. We described a case of female live born with deletion of long arm of chromosome 16. Our patient had a typical craniofacial dysmorfism, brain abnormalities (Dandy Walker malformation), cardiac defects (artial septal defect and persistent ductus arteriosus), renal hypoplasia, gastrointestinal problems, hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Our patient had no diaphragmatic hernia and he survived neonatal period with severe neurological impairment.
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PMID:[Fryns syndrome]. 1694 37

Up to now 36 cases of Marden Walker syndrome (MIM # 248700) have been reported. The underlying pathological mechanism has not yet been clearly established, but it is assumed that it is a developmental disorder of the central nervous system which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Three main diagnostic criteria are blepharophimosis, congenital joint contractures and mask-like face, but numerous other anomalies have been described in these patients. We present a girl with clinical characteristics of Marden Walker syndrome, which has not yet been reported in our literature. Together with three major and many other clinical signs which confirm the diagnosis, our girl also has a vesicoureteral reflux and umbilical hernia, which have not yet been described in these patients.
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PMID:[Marden-Walker syndrome--a case report]. 1976 82