Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthetic LHRH was given intranasally to 55 prepubertal boys with 67 undescended testes. After a 4-5 week period while receiving a daily dose of 1.2 mg complete testicular descent was seen in 24 testes. Follow-up over 6 to 24 months showed relapse in 4 boys who responded successfully to a second trial with LHRH. In boys with insufficient or no response to an initial trial further treatment with LHRH in 11 cases or HCG in 5 cases also was without effect. Surgical correction after unsuccessful LHRH treatment in 32 boys with 35 undescended testes showed anatomical abnormalities in 28 testes, mostly an open processus vaginalis with or without hernia. Because of its simple and painless administration and the absence of unwanted side effects, intranasal LHRH is well-suited as initial treatment of cryptorchidism, particularly in young children.
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PMID:Success, relapse and failure after intranasal LHRH treatment of cryptorchidism in 55 prepubertal boys. 610 17

The testis is descended through the processus vaginalis via propulsive force generated by the muscles derived from the gubernaculum. After propelling the testis, the smooth muscle should undergo programmed cell death for obliteration of the processus vaginalis. Achievement of programmed cell death mandates a transient decrease in sympathetic, but an increase in parasympathetic, tonuses. Since the sympathetic tonus is androgen-dependent, the decrease in androgen levels during the third trimester appears to be responsible for the process. Alterations in timing, intensity or duration of the decrease in sympathetic tonus under the control of the central nervous system give rise to hernia, hydrocele or abnormal testis localizations. The persistence of decrease causes undescended, retracted, or ascended testis. Absence or inadequacy of the decrease in sympathetic tonus results in rescue of more smooth muscle, thus inhibiting the obliteration. Inadequacy in the intensity or duration rescues less smooth muscle and gives rise to a hydrocele. Persistence of signals towards inducing programmed cell death contributes to decrease in fertility, and provides a basis for epididymo-vasal anomalies. The reduction in the central regulatory mechanism that involves catecholaminergic activity explains the blunting of luteinizing hormone (LH) response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The explained mechanism precisely defines the role of all factors, and links all of the associations related to the process of descent.
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PMID:Obliteration of processus vaginalis: aberrations in the regulatory mechanism result in an inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testis. 1549 94

Endometriosis is defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, where it is normally located. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic entities affecting 8%-18% of menstrual women. Endometriosis can occur at intra- and extrapelvic localizations. The most common intrapelvic localizations are those involving the ovaries, Douglas' area, pelvic peritoneum, uterus, bladder and rectum. Abdominal endometriosis is the most common localization of extrapelvic endometriosis and usually develops in connective tissue. Extra-pelvic implantation of endometrial tissue may develop in any organ including the skin, lungs, liver, extremities, brain and stomach. Three years after cesarean section, a 35-year-old female was operated on for suspected anterior abdominal hernia at the site of previous section. An egg-sized tumor was removed from the rectus abdominis muscle and referred for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed endometriosis of the muscle with positive estrogen and progesterone receptors. A year after the procedure, treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs was continued due to recurrent pain in the scar area, along with ultrasonography and biochemical marker (carbohydrate antigen 125) follow-up. Clinical diagnosis of scar endometriosis can be made by thorough history and physical, ultrasonography and biochemical examinations. Scar endometriosis should always be considered when the symptoms occur in a cyclic and hormone-dependent pattern, mostly after gynecologic operations, and worsening during menstruation. Definitive diagnosis is based on histopathologic analysis.
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PMID:Rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis after cesarean section--case report. 2040 41

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor that most commonly arises in the vulvovaginal region, perineum, and pelvis of women. The term aggressive emphasizes the often infiltrative nature of the tumor and its frequent association with local recurrence. Patients often present with nonspecific symptoms which are frequently misdiagnosed with more common entities, such as a Bartholin cyst, lipoma, or hernia. Histologic examination reveals a hypocellular and highly vascular tumor with a myxoid stroma containing cytologically bland stellate or spindled cells. The tumor cells are characteristically positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, suggesting a hormonal role in the development of the tumor. Chromosomal translocation of the 12q13-15 band involving the HMGA2 gene has been described. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, although treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists is an emerging therapy. Metastases are exceedingly rare, and overall, the prognosis is good.
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PMID:Aggressive angiomyxoma. 2228 73