Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of phenyl mercury acetate and methyl mercury chloride were studied on 66 pregnant females of golden hamster, 86 rats, and 62 rabbits. The mercury compounds were given by the stomach tube from the 5th to 12th days of pregnancy once or three times in single doses ranged from 1-6 to 1-2 DL50. The obtained results indicated to the embryotoxic effects of phenyl mercury acetate. This compound induced resorptions, dead foetuses, retardation of the development, diminished cranial ossification, edemata of the body, haematomas and open eyes. The methyl mercury chloride proved to be embryotoxic and teratogenic. The compound produced similar embryotoxic lesions as did phenyl mercury acetate and induced developmental malformations of the foetus (e.g.: encephalocele and hernia spinalis).
 ...
PMID:[Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of phenylmercuric acetate and methylmercuric chloride in hamsters, rats and rabbits]. 55 16

The pneumatic anti-shock garment is a widely used prehospital treatment modality for injured patients in shock. Laceration of the hemidiaphragm is a post-traumatic condition that usually is unrecognized during the prehospital phase of trauma care. In order to study the effects of inflation of the pneumatic anti-shock garment on experimental swine with diaphragmatic injury, a premeasured custom-fitted external counter pressure device was applied to the swine both before and after surgically induced laceration to the left hemidiaphragm. At each inflation pressure, several measurements were recorded: blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, pulmonary artery pressures, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output and arterial blood gas determinations. Roentgenograms of the chest were obtained both before and after diaphragmatic laceration and at each inflation pressure after injury. Herniation of abdominal viscera was induced in all swine at 60 millimeters of mercury and was accompanied by statistically significant aberrations in tidal volume, pH, pO2, pCO2, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressures. Blood pressure increased, in both the injured and noninjured swine, and remained at normal or above normal levels throughout the inflation period in both groups. Extrapolating this phenomenon to the clinical setting when the use of or further inflation of the pneumatic anti-shock garment, or both, is generally determined by blood pressure response alone, patients with blunt trauma and lacerated diaphragms in whom external counter pressure is used may sustain irreversible cerebral hypoxia before any problem is suspected.
 ...
PMID:Cardiopulmonary effects of the pneumatic anti-shock garment on swine with diaphragmatic hernia. 394 Apr 5

As the mortality rate for penetrating colonic injuries approaches zero, emphasis has shifted toward reducing associated morbidity. This study was done to identify patients at low risk for colon-related extensive morbidity after primary repair of a penetrating colonic injury. The records of 100 consecutive patients admitted to the District of Columbia General Hospital (DCGH) between 1984 to 1990, surviving more than 24 hours after full-thickness penetrating colonic injuries, were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included mechanism, management and anatomic location of the colonic injury. Severity of injury was evaluated by the Trauma Score (TS), Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index (PATI), Flint Colon Injury Score (FCIS), time in the operating room, blood transfused during the first 24 hours and presence of preoperative shock (systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimeters of mercury). Mechanism of injury included 97 gunshot wounds and three stab wounds. Fifty-seven patients had primary repair (17 having resection and anastomosis) and 43 had colostomy. The anatomic location of injury was right colon in 37, transverse colon in 27, left colon in 35 and multiple sites (two) in one patient. In this series, only two patients had colon-related extensive morbidity--a parastomal hernia and wound dehiscence, both requiring operative intervention. There were no instances of intraperitoneal abscess formation. One patient died from overwhelming pneumonia after segmental resection of the colon with primary anastomosis. The literature reports a 12 to 42 percent colon-related morbidity rate in patients sustaining penetrating colonic injuries. This series from DCGH represents the lowest colon-related extensive morbidity and mortality rates reported to date in any substantial series of penetrating abdominal trauma. We attribute the 2 percent extensive morbidity rate to high TS (mean of 15.7), low PATI (mean of 24.2), low FCIS (mean of 1.9) and few associated intra-abdominal injuries (59 percent of patients with less than two). We have identified a group of patients with full-thickness penetrating injuries to the colon, few associated intra-abdominal injuries, high TS, low PATI and low FCIS who can be managed safely and judiciously by primary repair without undue morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Identifying the low-risk patient with penetrating colonic injury for selective use of primary repair. 835 96

At the Hospital in Lund a new central building was opened in 1850 bringing the total number of beds up to 150. In the same year the hospital was divided into one "External" department including surgery and the maternity ward and one "Internal" including medicine and the ward for venereal diseases. We reviewed the patient charts and the yearly reports from 1851 to 1860 including 40 autopsy reports from this period. During these years, 8,785 patients were admitted, 2,292 of these for syphilis. Mean hospitalization time in the surgical department was 55-60 years, average 35-45 days, in the medical department a mean of around 45 days. The longest hospital stay was 350-900 days, mostly for patients with joint diseases, probably mainly tuberculosis. The number of patients admitted each year, the number of hospital days, age distribution of the patients and costs are presented in diagrams. The mean age of the patients was around 28 years, and the largest 5-year group was 16-20 years. Syphilis, various manifestations of tuberculosis and different kinds of diffuse gastric trouble were dominating diagnoses. Infectious diseases were common and serious during these years, but only very few patients, apart from the diagnoses mentioned above, were admitted to the hospital. Chlorosis, anaemia and rheumatic disorders were common. Hirudines, cupping, in some cases venesection or cauterization, locally irritating cataplasms, laxatives and enemas were dominating parts of the therapeutic resources. The operative activity was very moderate, only a total of 275 operations were performed for incarcerated hernia, stone, cataract, external tumour and injuries. Medical drugs were collected mostly from plants but various preparations of iron, mercury and lead and their salts were also frequently used. Quinine was the only drug for fevers, not only for malaria,. Several lay "bonesetters" were active in the area, the best known of whom, belonging to a family active for 200 years, were mentioned with some criticism in a few patient charts. Clinical education for the medical students was conducted by A.S. Bruzelius, director of the "Institutum Clinicum", and the professors of surgery and medicine had only limited access to inpatients for their teaching. In 1850, Bruzelius was relieved from the teaching of internal medicine, and this became the reason to divide the hospital into the two departments. The organization of medical education in Sweden was much discussed during most of last century after the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm was opened in 1812 as an addition to the universities in Uppsala and Lund. In 1859 a committee suggested that, since the number of patients available for the medical students in Uppsala and Lund (which we can verify for Lund) were very modest compared to the hospitals in Stockholm, all medical education should be concentrated to one medical school in Stockholm. Fortunately, it all ended with a compromise. Otherwise, the two universities might have been closed completely, since the faculties of medicine were very important parts of the universities of this time.
 ...
PMID:[The hospital in Lund during the 1850's]. 1163 43

Elective endoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repairs have been reported. But endoscopic surgery was regarded unsuitable for emergency repair of diaphragmatic hernia in ventilated newborn children in bad general condition. We report a new method for inflation-assisted reduction and thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia diaphragmatic in a vitally endangered neonate. From three 2.7 mm to 5 mm accesses warmed low-pressure, low-volume CO2 was inflated into the thorax at 100 ml/min and 2 mm mercury. This allowed spontaneous reduction of the thoracic viscera into the abdomen and diaphragmatic suture with minimal handling. The 65-min procedure was tolerated well without perioperative deterioration. The baby was weaned off the respirator and breast-fed within 2 days, mediastinal shift normalized in 6 days. In suitable infants thoracoscopic repair and inflation-assisted reduction of thoracic contents is a more physiological access to congenital diaphragmatic hernia than laparoscopy or laparotomy.
 ...
PMID:Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia by inflation-assisted bowel reduction, in a resuscitated neonate: a better access? 1614 86