Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum glucose levels of six different patient groups were investigated preoperatively, during operation, postoperatively and in the first postoperative days: Group A, 10 cholecystectomy patients with 5% glucose infusion 2000 ml/day at a constant infusion rate; group B, 10 cholecystectomy patients with 10% constant rate glucose infusion; group C, 20 cholecystectomy or hernia patients with saline infusion; group D, 34 patients with 5% free rate glucose infusion 2000 ml/day; group E, 15 atrial septal defect patients with 5% constant rate glucose infusion 1500 ml/day and group f, 14 valvular surgery patients with 5% constant rate glucose infusion. Serum glucose increased in all groups during the study, most in the group B and least in the group C. There were no significant differences between the groups A and D, so constant or "free" infusion rate are the same from this viewpoint. The differences between the saline group (C) and all other groups was per- and postoperatively and in the postoperative day significant (p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences between the open heart surgery groups (E and F) and general surgery groups (A and D).
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PMID:[Blood sugar level in surgical patients]. 41 6

The intravenous glucose tolerance test (I.V.G.T.T.) was used to diagnose chemical diabetes during pregnancy in 180 women, 50 of whom subsequently received chlorpropamide therapy in a daily dosage of 100 mg; the remainder had no drug therapy.Preliminary work showed the I.V.G.T.T. to be reproducible in the second and third trimesters but not in the puerperium in normal pregnancy. Though intravenous glucose tolerance deteriorates between the second and third trimesters in women with no features of diabetes, a significant improvement occurs after a course of chlorpropamide in a daily dosage of 100 mg during pregnancy in chemical diabetes, but this treatment did not enhance the rate of return to normal glucose tolerance post partum.Plasma glucose and insulin studies showed no evidence of hypoglycaemia or hyperinsulinism in the mother at delivery or in the newborn when chlorpropamide had been used compared with a group receiving no such treatment. In the infants of the chlorpropamide-treated mothers there was a suggestion of an increased rate of glucose disposal in response to a glucose challenge, but no increase in birth weight.There were two fetal deaths in the 50 pregnancies of mothers treated with chlorpropamide, one being due to a mistaken premature delivery and the other to a diaphragmatic hernia. Thus chlorpropamide in a dose of 100 mg a day has been shown to reverse chemical diabetes diagnosed and treated in pregnancy without apparent risk to the fetus.
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PMID:Evaluation of chlorpropamide in chemical diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy. 471 41

Previous studies have demonstrated that after intravesical inoculation of Escherichia coli, rats drinking 5% glucose-water remained bacteriuric for up to 21 days while rats drinking tap water became abacteriuric within a few days. To facilitate accurate monitoring of bacteriuria, we created a ventral bladder hernia for percutaneous aspiration of urine. After intravesical inoculation with 10(8) E. coli, rats with ventral bladder hernias demonstrated clearance of bacteria at a rate comparable to that observed in rats with intrapelvic bladders (p less than 0.01). Of rats drinking tap water, 6 of 7 (85%) with intrapelvic bladders and 8 of 9 (89%) with ventral hernias had less than 10 colony forming units per ml of urine within 9 days of inoculation. Of rats drinking 5% glucose-water, 4 of 5 (80%) with intrapelvic bladders and 6 of 8 (75%) with ventral bladder hernias had greater than 10(5) colony forming units per ml of urine 9 days after inoculation. The results suggest that this technique does not alter the antibacterial response of control or polyuric rats to E. coli inoculated intravesically.
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PMID:Ventral bladder hernia facilitates study of urinary tract infections in rats. 702 56

The major risk factors for atherosclerosis were measured in 100 middle-aged members of the local community aged between 40 and 66 attending hospital for minor operations, hernia repair, varicose veins or endoscopy, and their healthy accompanying spouses. Levels in this group were compared with those measured in 75 age- and sex-matched hospital workers. Ten of the 12 risk factors measured were more unfavourable in the local population (P = 0.039). Levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.0013), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0002) and body mass index (P = 0.0074) were higher in members of the local community. There was no difference in levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of damage to the endothelial cell), fibrinogen, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio or the proportion of smokers. We also found systolic blood pressure (P = 0.014) and vWf (P = 0.021) to be higher, while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.022) was lower in the 35 smokers, but we could not identify any factor that correlated with age. However, systolic (P = 0.028) and diastolic (P = 0.0072) blood pressures, triglycerides (P = 0.029) and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.0001) were all lower, while high-density lipoprotein was higher (P < 0.0001) in the 80 women compared to the men. We conclude that precise definition of the identity of the control group is necessary in studies of risk factors for atherosclerosis, or in frank disease, if mis-interpretation is to be avoided.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis risk factors: variation in healthy hospital workers and members of local communities asymptomatic for vascular disease. Implications for normal controls. 754 4

We reviewed 216 patients on peritoneal dialysis over a 3-year period to assess the effects on patient outcome of short-dwell dialysis (SDD), defined as dwell time below 4 hours with a daily dry (empty peritoneum) interval. Forty-nine patients (23%) required SDD for improved management of ultrafiltration failure (82%), effective blood pressure control (8%), abdominal wall hernia (4%), hydrothorax (4%), and patient convenience (2%). Ultrafiltration failure was recognized as the inability to achieve resolution of clinical overhydration, confirmed by the peritoneal equilibration test (PET), demonstrating high membrane glucose transport (absorption) and observed retention of dialysate volume. Daytime ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (DAPD) was used by 69% of patients and nightly peritoneal dialysis (NPD) with cyclers by 31%. Only one patient (hydrothorax) transferred to hemodialysis. Observations include sustained hydration and blood pressure control in all patients with maintenance of biochemical dialysis adequacy, less reliance on very hypertonic solutions, an increase in dry weight in 25% of patients, decreased use of antihypertensive agents, effective management of hernia and hydrothorax in 3 of 4 patients, and satisfactory patient tolerance of DAPD and NPD regimens, and daily dry intervals. Factors promoting SDD include improved understanding of PET studies, use of disconnect systems, and improvement in cycler design. We anticipate increasing use of SDD as recognition of its usefulness and application techniques expands.
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PMID:Short-dwell peritoneal dialysis: increased use and impact on clinical outcome. 810 61

Two cases of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus associated with anemia, macroglossia and umbilical hernia were studied in relation to the possible etiologies that have been postulated to be responsible for this syndrome. Both patients required insulin therapy for the control of their hyperglycemia but case number two needed to be treated for 14 months before glucose normalization occurred. This patient developed classical insulin dependent diabetes mellitus during our follow-up; the HLA typing showed DR4 allele.
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PMID:Two interesting cases of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. 818 24

The effect of three exposures to Coriolis acceleration on the frequency and amplitude of fasting stomach contractions was investigated in 6 resistant and 16 susceptible to motion sickness test subjects. After tests all of them underwent gastroduodenoscopy and 4 subjects from each group were subjected to echography to measure gall bladder contractility in response to glucose-milk loads. After tests the motor activity of the stomach increased slightly in resistant subjects due to an increase of the amplitude and a slight decrease of biopotential frequency. During gastroscopy antral and pyloric sphincters were closed. In the stomach there was an insignificant amount of contents without gall. In the susceptible group, the motor activity was, on the contrary, inhibited due to a significant decline of the wave amplitude and frequency (by 40% and 11%, respectively). In the stomach, one or both sphincters were widely open; it also contained a large amount of gastric juice and gall. In 36% of susceptible and 17% resistant subjects, diaphragmatic hernia (at the esophageal opening) was found. Ultrasonic examination of the gall bladder showed that susceptible subjects developed its faster and stronger contraction when compared to resistant subject in response to glucose-milk loading. This pointed to a more prolonged duration of the gall excretion phase. Reactive changes of the gastroduodenal zone in response to motion tests facilitated duodenal-gastric reflux and major gastrointestinal symptoms of motion sickness.
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PMID:[Specific features of the motor function of the digestive organs in persons with different degree of resistance to motion sickness]. 857 62

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is an uncommon disorder. Macroglossia in association with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus has been reported only twice before. We report the case of a 21-day-old male infant referred from a peripheral hospital for management of hyperglycemia. The mother was a 21-year-old primigravid in good health. There was no history of diabetes or drug or alcohol exposure. The pregnancy was complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios from 30 weeks' gestation and the birth weight at 38 weeks' gestation was only 1480 gm. Physical examination revealed dysmorphic features and asymmetric growth retardation. The admission weight (1840 gm) and length (40.5 cm) were 5 SDs less than the mean and head circumference (32.5 cm) was 1 SD less than the mean. Dysmorphic features included macroglossia, large fontanelles, hypospadias, umbilical hernia, and bilateral inguinal hernias. Hyperglycemia had been noted on day 1 of life with an initial blood glucose value of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dl). Despite treatment with regular insulin blood glucose control continued to be erratic. Therefore a regimen of daily NPH insulin was begun, which has a smoother action. Interestingly, from day 41 to day 47 the infant did not receive insulin and a crude control of the blood glucose was demonstrated. Peak levels of blood glucose in excess of 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dl) were followed by drops to levels less than 2 mmol/L (36 mg/dl) without insulin administration. This abnormal pattern of glucose control may represent poorly regulated release of endogenous insulin. However, because of unsatisfactory glucose levels administration of daily NPH insulin was reintroduced. The infant was discharged from the hospital on day 50 and administration of insulin was discontinued uneventfully at 9 months. At 1 year the hemoglobin A1c level was still normal and the infant's weight was at the 10th percentile. Macroglossia was less pronounced. Development showed mild delay in gross motor milestones.
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PMID:Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and macroglossia. 886

Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia caused by catecholamine discharge have been reported to occur in patients after severe head trauma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether a similar neuroendocrine and metabolic response is found in children after minor head trauma such as brain concussion (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) > or = 13). One hundred fifty patients aged 2 to 14 years (average, 6 years) were divided into three groups (n = 50 in each group). Group 1 included patients admitted to the emergency department for brain concussion (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) > or = 13); group 2 included patients admitted for fractures of long bones without head injury; and group 3 were control patients electively admitted for hernia repair. All patients had complete physical and neurological examinations. Complete blood count and blood chemistry were obtained on admission. All blood tests were repeated at 6, 12, and 24 hours in patients belonging to group 1. An electrocardiogram was obtained in selected patients and catecholamine levels were measured in some patients. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Serum potassium and sodium levels in patients with brain concussion (group 1) were 3.6 +/- 0.6 and 136 +/- 3 mEq/L, respectively and were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in patients belonging to group 2, 4 +/- 0.4 and 138 +/- 3, respectively, and the controls (group 3), 4.2 +/- 0.5 and 140 +/- 2, respectively. Serum glucose level was 124 +/- 34 and 118 +/- 32 mg% in groups 1 and 2 and was significantly higher than that of the controls (group 3), 90 +/- 23 mg%. There was no correlation between serum electrolytes and GCS. No electrocardiogram changes or elevation of serum catecholamines were found. Hypokalemia resolved spontaneously within 24 hours. All patients recovered without neurological sequalae. Transient hypokalemia frequently occurs in children even with minor head trauma. This hypokalemia resolves spontaneously, without treatment and within 24 hours.
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PMID:Brain concussion produces transient hypokalemia in children. 902 78

Fetal growth disorders are common in pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Whereas macrosomia often occurs in infants of diabetic women, growth retardation is almost a rule in spontaneous and experimental diabetes in animals. However, it is not clear when during development growth inhibition starts and how placental pathology might affect fetal growth in maternal diabetes. In this study pregnant Wistar rats were injected (ip) with a single dose of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) on gestation day (GD) 2 and a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl or more determined 24 hrs later indicated diabetes. The controls were non-treated, buffer treated or, following confirmation of diabetes, injected with a single dose of 2--6 IU of insulin (Novo Ultralente) once daily. Fetuses and placentae were collected from GD 14--20. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in STZ group was significant as early as GD 15 and persisted to GD 20. Insulin produced a significant recovery in fetal weight gain. The placentas of STZ-treated group were significantly heavier than those of the control groups. The reduction in cord length of the STZ group became apparent on GD 16 and remained so to term. The placenta of GD 14 STZ group had a thicker decidua basalis and dilated maternal sinusoids. By GD 16, the decidua basalis contained glycogen-containing decidual cells and scattered glycogen cells confirmed by Best's carmine with or without diastase. The glycogen cells of the basal zone were more abundant, and had degenerated in some sites leaving behind cysts with eosinophilic mass. The giant cells had proliferated enormously. The labyrinthine zone appeared spongy with persistent fetal mesenchyme, peri-vascular fibrosis, and enhanced placental barrier. The trophoblasts of the labyrinths also contained traces of glycogen unlike the controls. By GD 18, the decidua basalis of the STZ group was thinner than that of the controls and contained necrotic giant cells and lymphocytic aggregations. In the basal zone, the giant cells had proliferated further; more glycogen cells had degenerated. Perivascular fibrosis was still extensive in the labyrinthine zone. Bloodless maternal sinusoids, extensive vacuolization, degeneration of glycogen islands and formation of cysts characterized the labyrinthine zone. These changes varied in intensity from one area to another in the same placenta and between placentas of the same and of different litters. The development of the upper and lower jaws, elevation and fusion of palatal shelves, reduction of physiological umbilical hernia, descent of the testes, fusion of the urethral folds and separation of digits of the paws were significantly delayed in the STZ group. The consistent association of placental pathology with fetal growth retardation is suggestive of an alteration in placental function possibly contributing to IUGR in STZ-induced diabetes in rats.
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PMID:Intrauterine growth retardation in experimental diabetes: possible role of the placenta. 1188 Sep 31


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