Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

AH23848 is a potent thromboxane A2-receptor blocker inhibiting platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration to pregnant rats during days 7-16 of pregnancy, at doses of 0, 10, 45, or 200 mg/kg twice daily, resulted in dose-related maternal, embryonic, and fetal toxicity. The most notable observation was herniation of the diaphragm occurring in 1.5 and 100.0% of fetuses at the 45 and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively, when examined at term. A further study at 150 mg/kg twice daily during days 7-16, 7-11, or 12-16 of pregnancy revealed incidences of diaphragmatic hernia up to 42%. Herniation varied from small areas of eventration of membranous diaphragm to fetuses with apparent total absence of the diaphragm. The positions of the hernias in the diaphragm, following dosing over varying periods of organogenesis, reflected the chronology of diaphragm formation in the rat. The teratology of AH23848 was unrelated to its thromboxane A2-receptor blocker properties but was related to a chemical breakdown product, 4-biphenylmethanol. Some substituted biphenyl compounds appear to be specific teratogens in the rat, with their effects targeted at the developing diaphragm. A possible mechanism of herniation is the interference with muscularisation of the membranous diaphragm, resulting in weakness and perforation.
 ...
PMID:Teratogenicity of three substituted 4-biphenyls in the rat as a result of the chemical breakdown and possible metabolism of a thromboxane A2-receptor blocker. 252 17

Although a radiologic evaluation of the diaphragm is important in many clinical situations, visualization of the diaphragm is difficult because of its thinness, its domed contour, and its contiguity with abdominal soft tissues. Each clinical situation involving the diaphragm presents its own imaging difficulties, and each radiographic technique has advantages and disadvantages. No one modality is best for all situations. Often, several imaging modalities must be used to resolve the clinical question. The particular difficulties in diaphragmatic imaging are (1) distinguishing eventration from paralysis or hernia, (2) distinguishing lipoma from herniated omental fat, and (3) distinguishing unilateral paralysis from weakness and bilateral paralysis from respiratory fatigue. By selecting and applying the appropriate radiographic techniques, the radiologist can serve an essential role in assessing the disorders of the diaphragm.
 ...
PMID:Imaging the diaphragm and its disorders. 264 11

Utilitarian aspects of hernia pathogenicity are envisaged to assist comprehension of surgical gestures, the choice of effective techniques and the abandon of those which are not and may be of medicolegal interest: all inguinal hernias are due to parietal weakness. Anatomical factors are studied based on data from dissection, from in front backwards and then from behind forwards, from which certain major notions are drawn: that of role of transverse fascia in imperviousness to intra-abdominal pressure; that of uniqueness of inguinal hernias, all of which cross the transverse fascia in the region of the regional osteomuscular framework; that of the necessary degradation of musculofascial plane for a hernia to develop, with as a corollary the need for inguinal imperviousness at the transverse fascia level to be restored. Factors may be present that increase the "natural weakness" of the groin: anatomical variations affecting inguinal triangle; biological disorders affecting inguinal structures (aponeurotic and fascial senescence, collagen diseases, musculo-tendino-aponeurotic dystrophy). A breakdown in mechanisms of protection against increased intra-abdominal pressure promoted a summary of features defining intra-abdominal pressure under physiologic conditions and classical herniogenic circumstances. A summary of pathogenic mechanisms of inguinal hernia is presented while emphasizing the two principal theories: the saccular theory and that of musculo-fascial weakness, with their consequences for choice of therapies to be opposed to the polymorphism of hernial lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanism of hernia of the groin]. 295 61

Lumbar hernias occur in the region of the flank bounded by the 12th rib, the iliac crest, and the erector spinae and external oblique muscles. We present the CT findings of seven lumbar hernias: six traumatic (four secondary to postoperative flank incisions, one secondary to an iliac bone-graft donor site, one secondary to nonunion of an iliac fracture) and one spontaneous. Because CT portrays the anatomic relationships in this region so well, it may be the only radiographic procedure necessary to make the diagnosis of a lumbar hernia. Furthermore, it can be helpful in the assessment of symptomatic patients after flank incision, to differentiate postincisional muscular weakness and intercostal neuralgia from a lumbar hernia.
 ...
PMID:Lumbar hernia: diagnosis by CT. 349 86

Rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome are both benign conditions affecting the rectum, mainly in women; prolapse tends to occur late in life, while solitary rectal ulcer syndrome has a predilection for the younger adult. Complete rectal prolapse probably starts as a mid-rectal intussusception, although a combination of this theory and the 'sliding hernia' theory has been proposed by Altemeier et al (1971). The pelvic floor weakness associated with prolapse, which gives rise to incontinence, is most likely due to a traction injury to the pudendal nerve. Anorectal manometry will indicate those incontinent patients likely to benefit from rectopexy. Abnormal descent of the perineum may be found in rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome as well as descending perineum syndrome per se. The clinical features of these three conditions can overlap. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is essentially due to prolapse and traumatization of the rectal mucosa. Inappropriate puborectalis contraction, abnormal perineal descent, and overt rectal prolapse have all been cited as possible mechanisms of development of the condition. Defecography is the radiologic investigation of choice. Electromyography, as in rectal prolapse, may show evidence of pudendal nerve damage although incontinence is rare.
 ...
PMID:The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. 353 17

A pulsion hernia of the tympanic membrane is an outwardly bulging, thin, atrophic area of the tympanic membrane. Those patients who develop pulsion hernias repeatedly autoinflate the middle ear and consequently maintain a positive middle ear pressure, which pushes the thin atrophic portion of the tympanic membrane laterally beyond the normal plane of the tympanic membrane. The thinness of the tympanic membrane over the pulsion hernia suggests that the herniation has developed through a pre-existing area of weakness where the fibrous middle layer has disappeared.
 ...
PMID:Pulsion hernias of the tympanic membrane. 359 58

Giant incisional hernias are treated in many different ways involving risks and various degrees of mutilation. We prefer the use of polypropylene mesh (PPM) which is manufactured as Prolene or Marlex mesh. It is easy to handle, has great tensile strength and produces minimum tissue reaction. These qualities make PPM a good substitute for abdominal fascia and the procedure becomes simpler and less extensive than with the use of dermal grafts, flap transfers or other methods. This series consists of twenty-four patients. The results were good in 20 patients (85%). Recurrence of the hernia occurred in two patients (7.5%) and weakness of the abdominal muscles in two others.
 ...
PMID:Giant incisional hernias closed with polypropylene mesh. 377 80

A new muscle flap based on the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery is described. Twenty internal oblique muscle flaps have been dissected and studied in 10 fresh cadavers. This muscle flap has been used successfully as a free-tissue transfer in seven lower extremity defects. There was one loss of flap due to venous thrombosis. Other complications included a local wound abscess (one case), partial loss of skin graft (two cases), and arterial thrombosis (one case). There has been no donor-site morbidity. The donor scars are well concealed and no hernias have been observed, the longest follow-up being 9 months. The additional advantages of this flap include its thin, flat shape, excellent vascularity, and ease of application to areas about the ankle, with good aesthetic results. The disadvantages are (1) bloody and tedious dissection and (2) potential for abdominal weakness or hernia in the long run. This muscle flap appears to be excellent as a free flap for coverage of small- to moderate-sized defects of the distal lower extremity and as a pedicle flap for coverage of soft-tissue defects of the groin and anterior perineum.
 ...
PMID:The internal oblique muscle flap: an anatomic and clinical study. 623 40

The diaphragm is the main muscle of ventilation and the chief barrier separating the thorax from the abdomen. This article discusses diaphragmatic anatomy, physiology, pathology, and radiology, including hernia, eventration, rupture, tumors, paralysis, weakness, and fatigue. Imaging of the diaphragm involves plain radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and ultrasonography.
 ...
PMID:Symposium on Nonpulmonary Aspects in Chest Radiology. The diaphragm. 638 23

Two groups of subjects have been studied: the first one affected by varicose veins in lower legs, the second one as control (both groups include 138 subjects, mostly corresponding about age, sex and general health conditions). Acrocyanosis, blue sclerae, juvenile spontaneous epistaxis, hand's primary osteoarthrosis, articular hypermobility, thin skin and hernia were present more frequently in the group affected by varicose veins, the difference being statistically very significant. We suggest that mechanical revealing factors lead to the development of varicose veins in subjects who have a constitutional and probably hereditary systemic weakness of connective tissue network.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of the manifestations of the so-called status varicosus of Curtius in subjects with idiopathic varices of the lower extremities]. 743 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>