Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present the case of a 6-year-old boy with reactive airway disease who developed cervical lung herniation resulting in compression of the trachea and audible stridor. This association has never been reported in the pediatric age group, and a review of the literature revealed that lung herniation is a rare condition in the pediatric population. Most patients are asymptomatic. Herniation occurs in the cervical area in approximately one fourth of patients. The diagnosis is usually made by physical examination and confirmed by radiographic studies. Treatment is seldom necessary; most patients require only education and reassurance. Surgical intervention is indicated when respiratory distress, cosmetic concerns, or progressive increase in size occur.
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PMID:Cervical lung herniation associated with upper airway obstruction. 237 80

A case of acute respiratory obstruction in the immediate postoperative period is described in a young woman who emerged from general anaesthesia after a Caesarean section for fetal distress. She had a pregnancy complicated by disabling polyhydramnios and anxiously anticipated the birth of a child with a diaphragmatic hernia, diagnosed antenatally. The cause of the airway obstruction was functional in nature as confirmed by flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy. The diagnosis, paradoxical vocal cord motion, has to be considered as an infrequent cause of postoperative airway obstruction; its recognition and treatment are discussed. The patient did not have a history which might have indicated its possible occurrence. It is suggested that paradoxical vocal cord movement in a more mild form may be overlooked as cause for postoperative stridor and airway obstruction.
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PMID:An unexpected functional cause of upper airway obstruction. 323 79

Pulmonary sequestration is a complex anomaly involving the pulmonary parenchyma and its vascularity. From 1975 to 1992, 10 cases have been treated at the UCLA Medical Center. The ages of the seven females and three males were bimodal, the median age of the seven children was 29 days (range 1 day-6 years); it was 32 years (range 28-39) for the three adults. One child was delivered by cesarean section for fetal distress and another was born at 29 weeks gestation. Symptoms included: recurrent pneumonia (5), respiratory distress (5), hemoptysis (2), stridor (1), and pleuritis (1). Chest radiographs were consistent with sequestration in seven patients and diaphragmatic hernia in another, but incorrectly diagnosed one diaphragmatic eventration and one pulmonary varix. Computed tomographs suggested sequestration in five patients, but mistakenly interpreted a pulmonary varix in one case. Angiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging were infrequent investigative studies and yielded variable results. All patients underwent thoracotomy and lobectomy without morbidity or mortality. Five had intralobar and five had extralobar sequestration. All adults had intralobar sequestration. Two had aberrant subdiaphragmatic arterial vessels. Eight had vessels originating from the descending thoracic aorta. Nine patients are asymptomatic at six months to 10 years follow up. The 29-week-old premature infant died 30 days postoperatively due to necrotizing enterocolitis. Pulmonary sequestration remains an uncommon entity. The radiologic investigations that provide the most information are the chest radiography and computed tomography. Definitive diagnosis is made at thoracotomy. Pulmonary sequestrations are resected with excellent results by the trained thoracic surgeon who is aware of the unusual vascular connections.
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PMID:Pulmonary sequestration: 17-year experience at UCLA. 825 32

Foregut cysts frequently cause symptoms in the first three decades of life. The symptoms consist of dyspnea, wheezing, cough and sputum, dysphagia, stridor, and those associated with right heart strain. Symptoms and the radiological appearance of the uncomplicated cyst mimic mediastinal tumour and mediastinal obstruction. The symptoms and radiological appearance of the ruptured infected cyst simulate those of lung abscess, diaphragmatic hernia, ruptured hydatid cyst, cavitated peripheral carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. In this series the differentiation from other cysts was made thus: with intralobar sequestration, a systemic arterial blood supply was demonstrated; with hydatid cyst, there was a positive intradermal skin test and (radiologically) following rupture, the appearance of a pericystic pneumatocele followed by the water-lily sign was diagnostic; with emphysematous cysts, the signs of associated bronchitis were present; in the presence of pseudocysts, there was a previous history of lung abscess, staphylococcal infection or tuberculosis. Cysts should be removed when first diagnosed.
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PMID:Foregut cysts. 1397 21