Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The plasma proteins pre-albumin, retinol-binding protein, transferrin, and haptoglobin were determined in 3 different groups of surgical patients (8 patients after inguinal or incisional hernia operation, 12 patients with peritonitis due to insufficient anastomoses, 17 patients with skull-brain injuries) according to the radial immune diffusion method. The decrease in concentration of nutrition-dependent plasma proteins, pre-albumin, retinol-binding protein and transferrin, varied depending on the extent of postoperative or posttraumatic catabolism and respective nutritional regimen. The increase in concentration of the acute phase protein haptoglobin was not significantly dependent on the severity of trauma. There was, however, a further haptoglobin increase of significance due to postoperative peritonitis complication.
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PMID:[Behavior of prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, transferrin and haptoglobin in the postoperative and post-traumatic phase]. 10 50

For better understanding of the alterations of humoral immunity in gastric cancer patients, IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3, C4, CH50, natural antibody (isohemagglutinin-IgM class), ESR, CRP, albumin and globulin were quantitated in sera taken preoperatively from 81 patients with gastric cancer and from 29 control patients with hernia. The results from patients with gastric cancer were grouped according to pTNM staging (including stage I + II, III, and IV). Serum globulin and IgG levels in all stages of cancer patients were significantly lower than that of the controls (p less than 0.05). The CRP and ESR levels in stage III and IV cancer patients were significantly higher (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between cancer and hernia patient groups in IgA, IgM, isohemagglutinin-IgM class, C3, C4, CH50, albumin, WBC and total lymphocyte counts. In conclusion, the significant changes in humoral immunity in patients with gastric cancer include: (1) decrease in serum IgG and globulin levels, and (2) increased levels of acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP). These results imply that patients with gastric cancer have lower acquired humoral immunity and have acute phase reactions.
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PMID:Alterations of humoral immunity in patients with gastric cancer. 316 45

Wound healing has been investigated in 373 patients undergoing surgery for obstructive jaundice and 760 anicteric patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Reduced wound healing manifested by a higher frequency of wound dehiscence (3.2 per cent vs. 0.5 per cent) and incisional hernia (10.3 per cent vs. 1.8 per cent) was seen in the jaundiced patients. The factors related to this reduced wound healing have been analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The independent factors related to wound dehiscence in the 373 jaundiced patients were: an initial low haematocrit (less than 30 per cent), an initial low plasma albumin (less than 30 g/l], a history of pancreatitis, a malignant obstructing lesion, and postoperative wound and/or abdominal sepsis. Haematocrit, albumin and postoperative wound and/or abdominal sepsis were also independent factors for incisional hernia. A raised plasma bilirubin was not of independent significance for either wound dehiscence or incisional hernia. It is concluded that reduced wound healing occurs in jaundiced patients and that this is due to the associated features of poor nutritional status (manifested by low haematocrit and low albumin) and malignancy and not to the raised bilirubin per se.
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PMID:Wound healing in obstructive jaundice. 670 75

During investigations of biological activity of proteolysis inhibitors from Ascaris lumbricoides, teratogenic action of alfa-chymotrypsin inhibitor (ICH) was evaluated. The inhibitor was obtained by a method of Roli and Pudles and was applied parenterally at 8-12 day of pregnancy to BALB/c mice in doses of 20-80 mg/kg of mice per 24 hours. Control groups received respectively 1 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl or 80 mg of bovine albumin. Normal status of development of internal organs in 19-days old fetuses was evaluated by a method of Wilson and Dyban and of their skeletons according to Dawson. It was found that character and exacerbation of prenatal disturbances of mice development is conditioned by the ICH dose. Teratogenic action of ICH was apparent in fetuses after application to mice of 60 and 80 mg. Most frequent developmental defects were: cleft palate, brain hernia, fusion of ribs and curvature of spine. No defects were noted in control groups. Lower doses of ICH exhibited only embryotoxic effect.
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PMID:[Teratogenic action of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor of Ascaris lumbricoides in mice]. 818 18

A 57-year-old woman, weighing 75 kg, with gastroesophageal sliding hernia, received laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication under general anesthesia. Although artificial ventilation was carried out uneventfully when the surgery started, sudden decreases in SpO2 and thoraco-pulmonary compliance were noted after insufflation of CO2. Breath sound was not audible on the left lung. We suspected that inadvertent pneumothorax was produced, but chest X-ray and transesophageal echocardiography at the end of surgery revealed the presence of left hemilateral hydrothorax with pulmonary atelectasis. She was ventilated artificially and given diuretics and albumin solution for 3-days before extubation. We speculated on two reasons for the event: a possibility of perforation of the diaphragm manipulated by surgeons, and that of transition of fluid used for irrigation just below the diaphragm. Pulmonary atelectasis could be induced with hemilateral lung ventilation because cephalad shifting of the diaphragm might follow the intraperitoneal insufflation. We conclude that laparoscopic surgery with insufflation of gas and irrigation with fluid requires careful attention if the laparoscopic surgery is sustained with insufflation and irrigation.
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PMID:[Hemilateral hydrothorax and atelectasis during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication]. 872 4

To study blood-brain barrier permeability and proteolytic changes in in patients with severe brain injury and to evaluate their impact on its course and outcome, the concentrations of albumin, plasminogen (plasmin), alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were examined in 58 victims by enzyme immunoassay. The control group comprised 20 patients examined for lumbar discal hernia. The studies indicate that early severe brain injury showed blood-brain barrier dysfunction whose severity can be detected by the spinal fluid levels of albumin, plasminogen, and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Proteolytic changes in spinal fluid are determined by its albumin, plasminogen (plasmin), alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations and affect the development of secondary brain lesion and they are of practical value.
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PMID:[The permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier and the proteolytic potential of the cerebrospinal fluid in severe craniocerebral trauma]. 1069 80

Surfactant has led to a significant reduction in neonatal mortality for premature infants with lung immaturity and respiratory distress. However, surfactant therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a number of other neonatal respiratory disorders and the evidence for surfactant use in such circumstances is presented. Meconium aspiration is characterised by severe atelectasis, the influx of neutrophils, edema, and hyaline membranes, with decreased levels of SP-A and SP-B and the large aggregate fraction of lung surfactant, and altered surfactant surface morphology. Meconium contains cholesterol, free fatty acids and bilirubin all of which can interfere with surfactant function in a dose-dependent fashion. Providing larger amounts of surfactant can overcome some of this inhibition. Animal models of meconium aspiration treated with surfactant have improved histology, lung mechanics and gas exchange. Studies in human infants with meconium aspiration have found elevated concentrations of total protein, albumin, and membrane-derived phospholipid in lung lavage fluid, and haemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Clinical studies in such neonates have reported improved gas exchange and clinical outcomes following surfactant treatment. More recently surfactant lavage has been shown to be a potentially efficacious therapy for such infants. The inflammatory exudate containing plasma proteins and cytokines which accompanies neonatal pneumonia may inactivate surfactant. Surfactant treatment given to animals following the tracheal instillation of group B Streptococcal resulted in significantly less bacterial growth and improved lung function. Small clinical experiences have demonstrated the benefit of surfactant to infants with pneumonia/sepsis. Pulmonary haemorrhage, which some consider a complication of surfactant therapy, has also been effectively managed using surfactant instillation. The hemoglobin and red blood cell lipids may act to inhibit natural surfactant and treatment with surfactant has been shown to improve outcome for infants with pulmonary haemorrhage. Animal models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have hypoplastic lungs with evidence of decreased lamellar bodies in their type II pneumocytes and resultant surfactant deficiency, and respond to surfactant replacement with improved gas exchange and lung mechanics. The lungs of human infants with CDH contain less phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine per milligram of DNA than control infants. Case reports have reported a benefit of surfactant for infants with CDH. In the near-term infants with severe respiratory distress, surfactant is one of the therapies along with inhaled nitric oxide and high frequency ventilations, that have resulted in improved outcomes. Surfactant treatment may be of significant benefit in newborn infants with respiratory compromise secondary to a number of insults, and further prospective evidence of its efficacy in such disorders is needed.
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PMID:Surfactant use for neonatal lung injury: beyond respiratory distress syndrome. 1498 Feb 86

A 3-year-old girl presented with a protein-losing enteropathy caused by left paraduodenal hernia, as diagnosed by computed tomography and a small-bowel follow-through image. The patient received surgical treatment, and her postoperative course was uneventful. Nineteen days later, the serum protein and albumin had recovered to normal levels. As well as providing the first description of left paraduodenal hernia accompanied with protein-losing enteropathy, we also review the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Left paraduodenal hernia leading to protein-losing enteropathy in childhood. 1575 Sep 12

We hypothesized that congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may decrease distal air space fluid absorption due to immaturity of alveolar epithelial cells from a loss of the normal epithelial Na+ transport, as assessed by amiloride and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and Na-K-ATPase expression, as well as failure to respond to endogenous epinephrine as assessed by propranolol. Timed-pregnant dams were gavage fed 100 mg of nitrofen at 9.5-day gestation to induce CDH in the fetuses, and distal air space fluid absorption experiments were carried out on 22-day gestation (term) fetuses. Controls were nitrofen-exposed fetuses without CDH. Absorption of distal air space fluid was measured from the increase in 131I-albumin concentration in an isosmolar, physiological solution instilled into the developing lungs. In controls, distal air space fluid absorption was rapid and mediated by beta-adrenoceptors as demonstrated by reversal to fluid secretion after propranolol. Normal lung fluid absorption was also partially inhibited by amiloride. In contrast, CDH fetuses continued to show lung fluid secretion, and this secretion was not affected by either propranolol or amiloride. CDH lungs showed a 67% reduction in alpha-ENaC and beta-ENaC expression, but no change in alpha1-Na-K-ATPase expression. These studies demonstrate: 1) CDH delays lung maturation with impaired distal air space fluid absorption secondary to inadequate Na+ uptake by the distal lung epithelium that results in fluid-filled lungs at birth with reduced capacity to establish postnatal breathing, and 2) the main stimulus to lung fluid absorption in near-term control fetuses, elevated endogenous epinephrine levels, is not functional in CDH fetuses.
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PMID:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia prevents absorption of distal air space fluid in late-gestation rat fetuses. 1621 17

The effect of 4 days total starvation (water only) in five normal subjects on the circulating concentrations of various proteins was studied. Changes in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations were compared with those of six patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with partial starvation and six patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with adequate feeding - (0.126-0.146 MJ/kg/day and 1.2-1.4 g protein/kg/day). In a companion study hand grip strength was measured daily in ten normal subjects during starvation and in 18 patients undergoing surgery for hernia repair (n = 6), cholecystectomy (n = 6) and major abdominal surgery (n = 6). Starvation produced marked reductions (approximately 30%) in the circulating concentrations of retinol binding protein and prealbumin but did not significantly affect the plasma concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) acute phase reactants (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, alpha(1) antitrypsin), albumin and total protein. On the other hand both types of elective surgery produced significant reductions in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations irrespective of feeding. Grip strength was not significantly altered by four days of starvation but surgery produced a temporary reduction in grip strength, the extent and duration of which was related to the severity of operation. This study helps to separate the effect of surgery and starvation on hand dynamometry and circulating protein concentrations and indicates their limitations as indicators of nutritional state.
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PMID:Effect of starvation and elective surgery on hand dynamometry and circulating concentration of various proteins. 1682 52


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