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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The liquid content of the hydrocele or watery hernia presses blood vessels of the testis. This pressure occurs in the accordance with hydrostatic and hydraulic laws. However, none of 223. 568 studies on the pressure in mammalian organisms registered worldwide has reported on the pressure values in case of testis hydrocele. Results obtained by observation of 20 patient with testis hydrocele suggested that the hydrostatic pressure of testis hydrocele always surpassed the pressure of blood vessels within the scrotum, proving that the pressure of a fluid as a mechanical factor plays an important role in the malfunction of spermatogenesis as well as in hypoxemic hypoxia of the testis.
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PMID:The biomechanical aspect of testis hydrocele. 877 14

One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (+/- 2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)=3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR=4.52, 95% CI=1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (> or = 3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> or = 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.
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PMID:Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer. 893 56

Epididymo-orchitis (EO) is said to be extremely rare in infants and children. It is usually diagnosed after scrotal exploration for symptoms which mimic manifestations between EO and torsion of the cord and its appendage. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for the development of EO are not well known. Although some causative agents of EO have been reported, in most cases there was no clear etiology. We report a 3-month-old male infant who had been well until the day prior to admission when irritability, left testicular swelling, scrotal erythema with a hot sensation were noted by his mother. He was treated medically after excluding the possibility of an emergent surgical condition (such as torsion of the cord and its appendage, or incarcerated hernia) by means of physical examinations, abdominal and inguino-scrotal sonography, laboratory studies, and testicular radionuclide scintigraphy. A catheterized sample of urine for culture yielded Escherichia coli. There was the possibility that the EO was caused by hematogenous rather than local spread from an infection of the urinary tract. He was treated with a 10-day course of intravenous cefazolin and amikacin. Following this, he improved clinically and a repeat catheterized urine sample remained sterile on culture. In addition, a bilateral inguinal hernia and hydrocele were detected by inguino-scrotal sonography and were operated on the 11th hospital day. He was discharged on the 16th day of hospitalization and remained well 11 months after discharge.
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PMID:Epididymo-orchitis in an infant resulting from Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. 893 11

The standard treatment of hydrocephalus is the insertion of a valve-regulated ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, which may result in the development or clinical worsening of an inguinal hernia or hydrocele. A review of the British Columbia's Children's Hospital experience with VP shunt insertion (1983-1994) identified 304 patients who underwent VP shunt placement, 31 of whom subsequently required herniorrhaphy, 5 suffering recurrences. Two cases exhibited areas of glial differentiation (diffusely scattered in one sac from a bilateral repair, focally present in the second unilateral hernia repair) displaying cytoplasmic staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. At time of surgical repair of case 1 (bilateral hernia repair), the tip of the VP shunt was detected within the hernia sac exhibiting glial differentiation; no glial tissue was identified in the sac from the other side. We conclude that inguinal herniation is a common complication of VP shunt insertion, and the identification of glial tissue within such an inguinal hernia is a rarer complication, possibly occurring when the shunt tip lies in close proximity to the hernial mesothelial tissue.
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PMID:Inguinal herniation with glial implants: possible complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. 902 56

As enthusiasm for laparoscopic surgery has grown, laparoscopic approaches to the groin hernia have evolved. The most widely accepted laparoscopic repair employs the placement of a large sheet of mesh in a preperitoneal position to cover potential hernia spaces. Between March 1994 and February 1997 160 inguinal and 3 femoral hernia were operated of an transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) polipropylen mesh. 131 patients were operated (128 males and 3 females, ranging in age from 19 to 82 years), 31 (23%) of them had bilateral hernias. Recurrent hernia was the indication in 52 (32%) cases. Average operating time for unilateral repair was 80 minutes and for bilateral repairs was 108 minutes. Postoperative complications included 7 (4.3%) cases of transient neuralgias, 20 (12%) cord/scrotal transient seromas-hematomas and 2 (1.2%) hydrocele. The 5 (3.1%) early recurrences were considered to be caused by technical inexperience and/or too small prosthetic patch. The laparoscopic hernioplasty has definitive advantage: minimal postoperative pain, short hospital stay (average postoperative time of hospitalization 3.1 days) and early restoration of full physical activity (in 1 to 2 weeks). The method should be considered as a potential "best option" in patients with recurrences and bilateral inguinofemoral hernias.
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PMID:Transabdominal preperitoneal herniorraphy: technique and results. 940 72

In the years 1992-1996 367 operations were performed in 350 patients aged 15-88. The type of the hernia was classified according to Gilbert's classification in Rutkow's modification. Type 2 and 3 was the most often (136 and 102 patients respectively). Recurrent hernia after classical operations were treated in 33 patients. Local, epidural or subarachnoid anesthesia was applied in 93% of patients In 75% of patients no analgetics were administered within first 24 hours after operation. In the remaining only traditional analgetics were given. Early complications were noted in 6 patients: wound infections, scrotal oedema, hydrocele. The time of operation was 35 minutes and the time of hospitalization was 2-5 days. Patients returned to their normal activity within 2 weeks. In the follow up period 1-5 years only 2 recurrences of hernia were noted (0.5%).
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PMID:[Treatment results for inguinal hernia repair with the mesh-plug method]. 944 91

Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly with approximately 70 cases reported in literature. The exact explanation for the production of polyorchidism is not known, although several theories have been proposed, including anomalous appropriation of cells, initial longitudinal duplication of the genital ridge and transverse division of the genital ridge, either through some local accident of development of peritoneal bands. A functional classification based upon the embryogenic development is provided. Type I: the supernumerary testis lacks an epididymis and vas. The split-off part of the primordial gonad does not communicate with the mesonephric tubules from which the epididymis develops. Type II: the supernumerary testis is linked to the regular testis by a common epididymis and shares a common vas with it. The division of the genital ridge occurs in the region where the primordial gonads are attached to the mesonephric ducts, although the latter are not divided (incomplete division). Type III: the supernumerary testis has its own epididymis but shares the vas with the regular testis. This variant results from a complete transverse division of the genital ridge. In the majority of the reported cases, the patients are asymptomatic and have painless groin or testicular masses. Approximately 50% occur as maldescent or cryptorchidism, and about 30% are associated with indirect hernia. The remaining 20% are discovered variously in relation to torsion, or are associated with hydrocele, epididymitis, varicocele or infertility. Moreover, since there is a 20 to 40 fold increase in testicular malignancy in patients with cryptorchidism compared with the normal testis, tumours of the supernumerary testicles are not unusual. We reported two cases of polyorchidism: the first patient is probably a longitudinal division of the genital ridge and the second is a completely duplication of the primordial gonads. The patients described vague, intermittent, testicular pain. Physical examination and the scrotal sonography and magnetic resonance revealed in the first patient a supernumerary testis in the right scrotal space and in the second a bilateral double testis. In conclusion we think that in the absence of any concomitant disorder and if testicular tumor can be ruled out by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, surgical exploration with biopsy is unnecessary.
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PMID:[Polyorchidism: 2 case reports]. 947 18

Acute scrotal swelling is a potential urologic emergency. There are many conditions which may present with scrotal swelling including spermatic cord torsion, torsion of testicular appendages, epididymitis, orchitis, incarcerated scrotal hernia, hydrocele, varicocele, trauma, tumor and testicular pain in vasculitis syndromes such as Schoenlein-Hennoch purpura. Testicular torsion is the most important condition that must be proven or ruled out to avoid loss of testicular function. History, physical examination and perhaps color-coded doppler-sonography are the tools to diagnose torsion. Using these tools, three diagnostic categories will be defined: Torsion, non-torsion or equivocal diagnosis. In every doubtful case scrotal evaluation is done surgically. Non-torsion is treated according to the different diseases.
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PMID:[The acute scrotum]. 970 23

Hernias and hydroceles are common conditions of infancy and childhood, and inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgical operations. As a result of improved neonatal intensive care, more and more premature babies are being delivered, and consequently the incidence of neonatal inguinal hernia is increasing. The most important aspect of the management of neonatal inguinal hernias relate to its risk on incarceration, and emphasis is placed on this point. This article covers the embryology, incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment of groin hernias and hydroceles, as well as dealing with abdominal wall hernias other than umbilical hernias. This article places special emphasis on when a patient with a hernia or hydrocele should be referred to a pediatric surgeon.
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PMID:Pediatric hernias and hydroceles. 972 85

In the course of 15 years in the authors department 4,694 operations of inguinal hernias and hydrocele were performed in children at the age of 0-15 years. Most frequently children aged 2-5 years were involved (45%). There were 4.5 times more boys than girls and the lateral distribution was also consistent with data in the literature. A relapse of hernia occurred in 33 children (i.e. 0.7%) operated in the authors department and in 19 children originally operated elsewhere. The total percentage of relapses in the group is 1.1%. In 25 children factors were identified which predispose for relapses. Relapses were most frequent in children operated before the age of one year (52%). The authors recommend therefore that operations of these children should be entrusted to a paediatric surgeon.
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PMID:[When and how we perform surgery for inguinal hernia in children]. 972 11


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