Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is increasing evidence to suggest that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II play a crucial role in fetal lung development. Expression of IGF-I and II has been demonstrated to be predominant during fetal life and decreases prior to birth. Antenatal glucocorticoids are reported to improve lung immaturity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on IGF-I and II expression in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in rats. A CDH model was induced in pregnant rats following administration of 100 mg nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation (term = 22 days). Dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally on days 18.5 and 19.5 of gestation. Cesarean section was performed on day 21. The fetuses were divided into three groups: I, normal controls; II, nitrofen-induced CDH; and III, nitrogen-induced CDH with antenatal dexamethasone treatment. mRNA was extracted from whole lung and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative amounts of IGF I and II mRNA. Levels of mRNA were expressed as a ratio of the band density divided by that of beta-actin, a housekeeping gene known to be expressed at a constant level. Immunohistochemistry using anti-rat IGF I and II antibody was also performed in each group. Levels of IGF I mRNA were significantly increased in group II (0.50 +/- 0.08) compared to group I (0.34 +/- 0.10) or group III (0.32 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05). Levels of IGF II mRNA were also significantly increased in group II (0.95 +/- 0.20) compared to group I (0.42 +/- 0.07) or group III (0. 31 +/- 0.09) (P < 0.05). Strong IGF I and II expression was observed in the hypoplastic CDH lung (group II), mainly in the bronchiolar epithelium. IGF I and II expression in group I and III lungs was either absent or weak. The finding of significant reductions in IGF I and II mRNA and protein levels in dexamethasone-treated CDH lung suggest that dexamethasone may accelerate the fetal stage of lung development.
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PMID:Effect of antenatal glucocorticoid administration on insulin-like growth factor I and II levels in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats. 1037 16

Newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) still have high mortality. Recently, a possible role of cardiac maldevelopment has been suggested. Human and experimental studies have demonstrated that heart weight is significantly reduced in the presence of CDH. Recent studies have suggested an important role for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the regulation of cardiac growth, structure, and function. Administration of IGF-I to normal rats has been shown to cause cardiac hypertrophy. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in cardiac differentiation and development. The aim of this study was to determine the gene-level expression of IGF-I and EGF in the hearts of rats with nitrofen-induced CDH using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). CDH was induced in pregnant rats following administration of 100 mg nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation (term 22 days). In control animals, the same dose of olive oil was given without nitrofen. Cesarean section was performed on day 21 of gestation. The fetuses were divided into three groups: normal controls (n = 8), nitrofen without CDH (n = 8), and nitrofen-induced CDH (n = 8). Total RNA was extracted from the hearts in each group and measured. mRNA was extracted from total RNA. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate mRNA expressions of IGF-I and EGF. Levels of mRNA were expressed as a ratio of band density divided by that of beta-actin, a housekeeping gene known to be expressed at a constant level. IGF-I mRNA expression was significantly decreased in CDH hearts (0.177 +/- 0.109) compared to controls (0.393 +/- 0.138) (P < 0.01) and nitrofen hearts without CDH (0.321 +/- 0.088) (P < 0.05). EGF mRNA expression was significantly decreased in CDH hearts (0.218 +/- 0.118) compared to controls (0.534 +/- 0.196) (P < 0.01) and nitrofen hearts without CDH (0.383 +/- 0.136) (P < 0.05). Decreased cardiac gene expression of IGF-I and EGF in the hypoplastic heart suggests that cardiac hypoplasia in nitrofen-induced rat CDH may be due to reduced synthesis of IGF-I and EGF by myocytes in the developing heart.
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PMID:Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor is downregulated in the heart of rats with nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia. 1140 63

The surrounding extracellular matrix of airway wall tissues changes in response to mechanical stresses and hypoxia. The presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), is correlated with collagen degradation and tissue repair in lung disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung of fetal rats with nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Administering 100 mg of nitrofen dissolved in 1 ml olive oil to pregnant Wistar rats on day 9 of gestation induced left-sided CDH in fetal rats. In control animals, the same dose of olive oil was given without nitrofen. Cesarean section was performed on day 21 of gestation. The fetuses were divided into two groups: normal controls (n = 10) and nitrofen-induced left-sided CDH (n = 10). Immunoreactivity of the staining for MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues was semiquantitatively analyzed using the staining scores. The relative amount of MMP-9 or TIMP-1 divided by the amount of beta-actin for each lung sample was measured by using the real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The immunoreactivity of MMP-9 was significantly increased in the CDH group (n = 5) compared with the control group (n = 5) (p = 0.031). On the other hand, the immunoreactivity of TIMP-1 in the two groups was not significantly different (n = 0.134). The relative amount of MMP-9 (or TIMP-1) in the CDH group (n = 5) does not differ significantly from that in the control group (n = 5) (p = 0.059, 0.596, respectively), but the relative amount of MMP-9 is higher in the CDH group, although it is not significantly higher. On the other hand, the ratios of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 were significantly higher in the CDH group (p = 0.028). In conclusion, fetal rats with nitrofen-induced CDH, a model of respiratory disorders, manifested the excess of MMP-9 activity due to the absence of TIMP-1 that would suggest a trend toward disruption of the extracellular matrix in the CDH lung tissues.
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PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1: expression in the lung of fetal rats with nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia. 1272 18

The renin-angitensin system (RAS) plays an important role as a growth factor in cardiac development. Angiotensin converting enzyme is involved in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II (Ag-II). The effects of Ag-II are mediated by two primary receptors, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2). Ag-II stimulates transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) and acts as a potent stimulant of myocyte growth and fetal contractile protein gene transcription. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Ag-II receptor subtypes and TGF-beta1 in the hypoplastic heart of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). CDH was induced in pregnant rats following administration of 100 mg nitrofen on day 9.5. The fetuses were divided into three groups: normal controls (n=16), nitrofen-treated without CDH (n=16), and nitrofen-induced CDH (n=16). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate mRNA expression of AT1, AT2, and TGF-beta1. Levels of mRNA were expressed as a ratio of the band density divided by that of beta-actin. AT1 and AT2 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in CDH heart compared with controls (0.43+/-0.33 vs. 1.0+/-0.48 and 0.62+/-0.23 vs. 1.4+/-0.43, respectively). TGF-beta1 mRNA expressions were also significantly decreased in CDH heart compared with controls (0.38+/-0.17 vs. 0.72+/-0.26). No significant difference was found between the hearts of controls and nitrofen-treated rats without CDH. The decreased expression of AT1, AT2, and TGF-beta1 mRNA in the hypoplastic heart suggests that the downregulation of RAS may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypoplasia in nitrofen-induced CDH.
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PMID:Altered expression of angiotensin II receptor subtypes and transforming growth factor-beta in the heart of nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats. 1557 92