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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Venous central oximetry (ScO2) in high-risk pediatric surgical patients (myopathies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia) is an useful guide to treatment. ScO2 was monitored in 15 patients (4 neonates) during and after thoracic interventions or interventions involving manipulation of the liver. Oximetrix ScO2 is not more invasive than a catheter of common stiffness, but the size 4F remains large for neonates. The physiological or pathological signification of its variation has to be deduced from clinical evaluation. Interpretation may be easier during anesthesia and in the absence of sepsis. ScO2 can be used either as a sensitive monitoring with usually an early response, to evaluate judicious treatment, or as an indirect way to evaluate cardiac output if the other factors of the Fick relation can be estimated or measured.
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PMID:[Practical experience in monitoring the oxygen saturation of central venous blood in pediatric anesthesia-resuscitation]. 849 Jul 45

It is thought there is an increased incidence of incisional herniation after the repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. We sought to assess this premise by reviewing 281 patients who had undergone abdominal aortic aneurysm repair over the preceding eight years at Concord Hospital. Incisional hernias were found in fourteen patients. This made up 5% of the total group having surgery (281 patients) or 6% of those surviving 12 months or more after operation (231 patients). Of these 231 patients, seven had transverse incision hernias (6.7% of all those with transverse incisions), and seven had vertical incision hernias (5.4% of all those with vertical incisions). Six of the fourteen patients with a hernia had needed an urgent repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. We conclude from this study, that there is no evidence of an increased incidence of incisional hernias associated with aneurysmal disease itself. Rather, the factors causing such hernias are common to all laparotomies for major disease in sick, elderly patients, in the absence of intra-abdominal sepsis.
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PMID:Incisional hernias: incidence following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. 852 68

Experience and late results in patients with a compartment syndrome which was either missed or diagnosed too late are reported. In the case of 14 patients we were consulted after a delay of 24 h, in another three patients 48 h after the causative event. At that time the diseased extremity was severely swollen, blistered and extremely painful. Ten patients presented with loss of sensitivity; in eight the peripheral pulses were not palpable. CPK was elevated in nine patients (up to 30,000); in six patients CPK was not determined. Causative factors included vascular occlusion (n = 6), paravenous infusions or injections (n = 4), compression in heroin or alcohol abusers (n = 4) and infections secondary to i.m. injections, sepsis or snake bites (n = 4). One patient developed a compartment syndrome after the closure of a muscular hernia. The late results were sobering: eight limbs had to be amputated, another 13 showed muscle necrosis necessitating necrosectomy, and both transitory and persistent median, ulnar, radial and peroneal nerve damage was observed. Our experience shows that dermatofasciotomy should be done on a more generous scale, because it obviously prevents sequelae and because the late complications following inadequately treated compartment syndromes are grave.
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PMID:[Compartment syndrome. Frequently missed, with severe sequelae]. 855 98

Laparoscopic closure of an acutely perforated duodenal ulcer is an alternative procedure to open surgery. With proper training and experience this procedure might overtake laparotomy and simple closure thereby reducing the post operative morbidity in terms of reduced wound pain, short hospital stay, likely reduced wound sepsis and hernia occurrence and post operative chest complications. This article describes four patients with acute perforation of duodenal ulcer who were submitted to an emergency laparoscopic repair.
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PMID:Laparoscopic closure of acutely perforated duodenal ulcer--an early experience. 856 36

Seven newborn infants with life-threatening respiratory failure were treated with veno-venous (V-V) extracorporeal lung support and apneic oxygenation after maximal ventilatory and pharmacological treatment failed. Diagnosis were meconium aspiration syndrome in 3 cases, respiratory distress syndrome in 2, sepsis in 1, congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 1. Before ECMO 6 infants received tolazoline, 4 surfactant, 3 high frequency ventilation, 1 prostaglandin E, 1 epoprostenol, 2 nitric oxide. Newborns were highly hypoxemic at admission and all but one underwent rescue cannulation. V-V bypass was performed with a single lumen single cannula and tidal flow was generated by an alternating clamp using a non-occlusive roller pump. The mean duration of bypass was 162.4 +/- 162.3 hours and infants were extubated 94.5 +/- 74.8 hours after decannulation. Five newborns survived and two died. Growth and neurologic development of the older children is normal. The extracorporeal lung support with V-V bypass associated with apneic oxygenation was effective in reversing severe neonatal respiratory failure unresponsive to maximal ventilatory and pharmacological support. An early referral, prior to meeting ECMO criteria, is important in order to avoid hypoxic complications preceding ECMO.
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PMID:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with veno-venous bypass and apneic oxygenation for treatment of severe neonatal respiratory failure. 864 86

Nitric oxide production appears to be decreased in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN). Inhaled nitric oxide may improve oxygenation by two mechanisms: increased pulmonary blood flow and improved ventilation-perfusion matching. Nitric oxide inhalation has been tested in newborns with PPHN, congenital heart diseases, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We present a review of the articles concerning inhaled nitric oxide for infants with PPHN. Overall, 59% of the neonates had an initial improvement in oxygenation in response to nitric oxide inhalation. A sustained response was observed in 60% of the infants. Patients with extrapulmonary shunting, clear chest radiographs, and adequate lung volume seem to have a better response, whereas patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severe sepsis, and alveolar capillary dysplasia are more likely to fail. To define the benefit-risk ratio, six prospective randomized trials are currently in progress.
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PMID:The role of nitric oxide in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. 872 5

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful in rescuing near term or term infants in cardio-respiratory failure that results from a reversible disease process. In most cases, only one course of ECMO is needed to save these infants. However, a second course of ECMO may be beneficial in a select group of infants when recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension develops. Other than abstract form, this is the first report of the use of a second course of ECMO in the literature. The authors report on three infants, two with recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia and one with necrotizing tracheobronchitis after Group B streptococcal sepsis who were treated at their institution with a second course of ECMO. Technical considerations in using a second course of ECMO depend upon the initial vessel cannulation site, time elapsed between cannulations, and the condition of the original artery and vein. By adopting a stenting procedure in those infants whose initial trial off was equivocal, a second cannulation may be prevented in neonatal patients with recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:The use of a second course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonatal patients. 872 96

The incidence of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is decreasing nationally. This decrease is presumed to be a result of the emergence of alternative technologies such as high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), nitric oxide (NO), and surfactant therapy as well as others. The purposes of the present report were to determine just how rapidly the demographics of ECMO are changing and to determine the impact of competing technologies on ECMO use. The authors reviewed their entire ECMO experience of 455 cases (370 neonatal, 38 pediatric, and 47 cardiac). The neonatal cases also were separated into diagnostic groups: MAS (meconium aspiration syndrome), PPHN (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn), RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), and sepsis. To allow statistical comparison, the patients were divided into four chronological groups, of equal 3-year duration, spanning the 12 years that ECMO has been available. The results of the analysis demonstrated four principle findings. (1) The total number of patients receiving ECMO per year was declining (P = .0001). This decline was attributable to a reduction in the total number of neonatal patients, with the exception of cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (2) The complexity of each ECMO run was increasing, as evidenced by substantial increases in mean ECMO duration per patient and an increase in the incidence of patient complications on ECMO (P = .0001). (3) There has been a significant decrease in the overall survival rate for patients treated with ECMO (P = .0001). (4) The ECMO population mix has shifted away from straightforward neonatal cases and toward the more complex pediatric and cardiac cases. This demographic shift has occurred as a result of improvements in pre-ECMO management of neonatal patients, and is primarily responsible for the findings noted above. However, there also has been a worsening of condition severity within each diagnostic group, which also is partly responsible for the changes noted. If these trends continue, pediatric, cardiac, and CDH patients will likely account for the majority of ECMO patients. Consequently, existing ECMO centers must be prepared to adapt to the changing demographics by evolving programs that support pediatric, cardiac, and adult patients, in addition to neonates. Furthermore, the complexity associated with transporting these unstable older patients and the likelihood that the number of active ECMO centers will decline may require remaining ECMO centers to develop long-distance ECMO transport capabilities.
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PMID:ECMO in evolution: the impact of changing patient demographics and alternative therapies on ECMO. 886 46

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with severe respiratory failure is still associated with significant mortality. Modern treatment of CDH is now widely accepted to be delayed repair after stabilization. Availability of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) led up to real improvement in survival. Several others modalities have been recently used in attempting to reduce the need for ECMO or, otherwise, to improve outcome. Multicenter controlled trial of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), exogenous surfactant replacement, nitric oxide (NO) inhalation and, more recently, liquid ventilation have been reported. We describe four cases of CDH treated in our ECMO-centre from 1993 to date, 25% surviving. One patient died by pulmonary hypertension and multiorgan failure while on ECMO; one by pulmonary hypertension and cardiac failure and one by sepsis, both ones far from effective ECMO weaning. All patients underwent extracorporeal bypass because of Oxygenation Index (OI) ranging 65-215. Venovenous has been always made but one patient needed early switching on venoarterial. Several trials with surfactant and nitric oxide were performed during extracorporeal bypass. In survived patient, diaphragmatic defect was repaired out of ECMO. Patients survived to the weaning underwent vascular reconstruction. Our ECMO data confirm worse prognosis for CDH rather than other ECMO requiring diseases (we report 66.7% surviving in overall ECMO application); we underline real improvement by using alternative therapies together with extracorporeal bypass and primary role of OI as predicting index for ECMO.
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PMID:[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the use of ECMO and other modern therapeutic strategies]. 896 31

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic disorder requiring lifelong medical therapy or surgery. In the present study we evaluated the postoperative course and effect of laparoscopic fundoplication on GORD in 27 patients with a median age of 44 (range 27-73) years. Fifteen were operated on with a Watson procedure, and 12 patients had a Nissen procedure. Median stay and convalescence after surgery was one and 10 days respectively. Three patients had to be converted into open surgery (bleeding: two, unclear anatomy: one). No major complications were seen, but four patients had postoperative complications (stenosis requiring dilatation: one, subcutaneous emphysema: one, wound sepsis: one, hernia: one. The two latter complications were seen in converted patients). Two patients had prolonged dysphagia, and two patients needed slight dietetic advice for gasbloat syndrome. In 25 of 27 patients good control of GORD was accomplished as judged by symptomatology, endoscopy and 24-hour pH measurements. It is concluded that laparoscopic fundoplication offers good control of GORD with few complications, and short hospital stay and convalescence.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic fundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux]. 904 46


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