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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphocyte-transformation responses to mycobacterial antigens have been studied, using paired blood and lymph node samples from 'normal' Ugandans, (hernia repairs or orthopaedic cases) or from patients with tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, or injection abscesses. The results suggest that in some individuals, antigen reactive cells, although absent from the periphery, may be demonstrable in the lymph nodes. This phenomenon is most striking in skin-test negative tuberculosis patients.
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PMID:Preliminary evidence for the trapping of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissue of 'anergic' tuberculosis patients. 82 62

The second European Atlas of Avoidable deaths, which will be shortly issued, concerns the period 1979-83 for Italy. The causes of deaths included were: tuberculosis, neoplasms of the cervix uteri and those of the uterus with no specified site, Hodgkin's disease, chronic rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive and cerebrovascular disease, childhood respiratory infections, asthma, appendicitis, abdominal hernia, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, maternal and perinatal deaths. In Italy marked excesses for cholecystitis-cholelithiasis, Hodgkin's disease, hypertensive and cerebrovascular disease and perinatal mortality were observed. A remarkable decrease was observed in comparison with the first Atlas (1974-78); but the European countries generally maintained the differences amongst them and their rank. Proposals to assess the causes of the observed differences are suggested (death certificate quality evaluation studies, case-reference studies, cohort studies) and the role of confidential enquiries is discussed.
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PMID:[Avoidable deaths in the evaluation of the performance of health services. II. European Atlas of avoidable deaths: initial data and several reflections]. 215 27

Between April 1986 and April 1989, each of 108 patients received an ileum neobladder, 94 patients for total bladder substitution after radical cysto-prostatectomy and 14 for augmentation of a fibrotic and contracted bladder following tuberculosis, interstitial cystitis or radiotherapy of the pelvis. The operative technique is standardized, relatively simple and safe, and it prevents upper urinary tract deterioration and reflux. Continence is preserved in more than 80% of all patients by the function of the external urethral sphincter and by the high capacity and the low internal pressure of the intestinal reservoir. Follow-up of more than 3 months postoperatively was possible in 96 patients, the evaluation including micturition behavior at home and a urodynamic investigation. Stress incontinence requiring correction by an artificial sphincter was found in 3 and nocturnal incontinence necessitating some external device in 6 patients. There was no perioperative mortality. Local tumor recurrence and/or metastases occurred in 14 patients; 7 patients died postoperatively, 5 owing to tumor progression, 1 of pneumonia and serve metabolic acidosis, and 1 owing to septicemia of unknown cause. Re-operation was necessary in 13 patients, in 6 because of mechanical ileus or intra-abdominal abscess, in 3 because of stenosis of the uretero-ileal anastomosis, in 1 because of tumor progression, in 1 because of vesico-vaginal fistula, in 1 patient because of incisional hernia, and in 1 because of wound dehiscence. Urethrotomy or dilatation of urethral strictures was necessary in 8 patients. All other early and late complications were rare and could be managed by conservative means.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[3 years' experience with the ileum neobladder--the first 108 patients]. 276 96

Standard vasectomy techniques used in India are reviewed, including indications, history, male reproductive anatomy, preoperative assessment, exam and preparation, anesthesia, surgical procedure, closure of suture, postoperative treatment and advice, and resumption of coitus. Vasectomy is the safest and most popular method of fertility control, used since the 1930s. Male genital anatomy is presented in detail with diagrams, emphasizing innervation of the vas. Vasectomy clients should be assessed to rule out diabetes, bleeding, skin disease, infection, drug sensitivity, genital tuberculosis, hernia, and anatomical defects. The author recommends local anesthesia with lidocaine or xylocaine, without the use of adrenaline. Variations in techniques of immobilizing the vas, making scrotal incisions, treating the cut ends of the vas and removing the cut segment are presented. The author recommends immobilizing the vas with Allis forceps, making a single incision and removing a 1 cm section of vas. To prevent spontaneous recanalization, it is best to fold the distal end back, and suture, clamp or cauterize the proximal end, burying it in fascia to make a barrier. Although interposing fascia between the cut ends is best, for any operator, experience improves results significantly, no matter what method is used. Of the available methods of closing the suture, nonabsorbable sutures are best if the man can return for their removal, or even better, a small incision closed only with tincture of benzoin is most practical. Generally the man is given penicillin or tetracycline. Some type of vas irrigation, such as 0.125% nitrofurazone preferred by the author, will shorten the time to azoospermic semen. 12 to 24 ejaculations are required otherwise. There is no evidence that coitus as soon as the man feels well will encourage sperm granuloma formation. Recanalization is rare. The most common reasons for failure of vasectomy are section of some other structure, or less often, recanalization. Rarely, there is an accessory vas or a viable inguinal testis. An appendix lists equipment used in the procedure.
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PMID:Vasectomy. 654 28

A case-control study is reported based on 87 deaths from testicular cancer that occurred in children in Great Britain 1953-73. Factors that significantly increased relative risk were tuberculosis of the mother during the index pregnancy and maternal epilepsy; factors that increased risk but not significantly were hyperemesis in the index pregnancy, a maternal history of stillbirths, and hernia and genitourinary defects in the child. Cryptorchidism was not studied. The available evidence suggests that prenatal determinants of testicular cancer in adults are also determinants of testicular cancer in childhood. The incidence and mortality from this disease are not increasing among children in Britain and other countries, whereas there is an increasing trend in young adults in several developed countries. Probably, therefore, the secular increase in the rates of young adult testicular cancer is due to factors that affect adults but not children, the hence are likely to be postnatal.
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PMID:Prenatal factors in the aetiology of testicular cancer: an epidemiological study of childhood testicular cancer deaths in Great Britain, 1953-73. 711 62

Various thoracic disorders were radiographically diagnosed in 362 cattle and buffaloes, which accounted for 18.7% of total cases involving these 2 species. Of these 362 cases, diaphragmatic hernia accounted for about 42%, tuberculosis 18% and bronchopneumonia 15%. Other disorders included metastatic neoplasia, pericarditis with or without foreign-body involvement, hydrothorax and foreign bodies.
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PMID:Radiographic diagnosis of bovine thoracic disorders. 746 78

The article deals with experience in surgical treatment of 375 patients with various diseases of the small intestine, rare diseases (tuberculosis, enterolithiasis, tumors, etc.) among others. These diseases were usually manifested clinically in the late stages by ileus, peritonitis or bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. Most patients with surgical diseases of the small intestine were subjected to operation for emergency indications. Such instrumental methods as laparoscopy, selective endoscopic radiocontrast study of the small intestine, angiography, etc. are important in the diagnosis of the diseases. The authors emphasize the high diagnostic efficacy of a special method of selective endoscopic radiocontrast study, especially in tumors of the small intestine. According to the authors, general mortality rate in diseases of the small intestine is high (13%) and is mainly due to such diseases as disorders of mesenteric blood circulation, incarceration of the intestine in a hernia, adhesive obstruction, volvulus, etc. The authors claim that mortality in diseases of the small intestine can be reduced if early diagnosis, early hospitalization, and adequate surgical interventions are ensured. Among the factors contributing to increase of the efficacy of surgical operations the authors indicate efficacy of surgical operations the authors indicate precision techniques of intestinal suture application with atraumatic suture material, the use of complex biological protection of the anastomosis including treatment with low-frequency ultrasound and subsequent application of collagenic films in which antibacterial agents are deposited, and measures for stimulating reparative regeneration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of diseases of the small intestine]. 808 66

Healthcare for the homeless is often crisis-oriented and fragmented. Homelessness may be associated with ongoing healthcare problems such as tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to identify the anesthesia services required by homeless individuals from an urban area. The anesthesia records of all individuals (N = 40) identified as being homeless and receiving care at one New York City medical center during a 12-month period were reviewed. Approximately one-half (47.5%) of the 40 patients in the study did not require general anesthesia but intubation only. Most of these intubations were for cardiac/respiratory arrests of unknown cause, drug/alcohol overdose, or multiple trauma. Of the 21 patients requiring surgery, 15 had emergency procedures such as splenectomy, appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, incarcerated hernia repair, and reduction of fractures. The findings of this study support previous research which indicates that most homeless people enter into care for emergency rather than elective services.
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PMID:Anesthesia for the homeless. 829 92

One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (+/- 2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)=3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR=4.52, 95% CI=1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (> or = 3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> or = 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.
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PMID:Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer. 893 56

Intestinal obstruction due to Richter's hernia has not been reported in abdominal tuberculosis. This 21-year-old man with abdominal tuberculosis presented with small gut obstruction due to Richter's hernia associated with ascites and patent right processus vaginalis (PV). He underwent laparotomy with reduction of Richter's hernia and closure of the PV at the right deep inguinal ring.
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PMID:Richter's hernia: a rare presentation of abdominal tuberculosis. 1006 46


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