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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Umbilical hernias are common in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Often elective repair is delayed for fear of precipitating acute variceal bleeding by interruption of portal--systemic venous collaterals. In order to test this hypothesis, the incidence of variceal bleeding following repair of umbilical hernia was determined retrospectively in 22 consecutive patients from our hospital and 74 others from six reports in the literature. Overall the perioperative (less than 3 months postrepair) incidence of variceal bleeding was 11%. This incidence of bleeding was equal to the incidence of bleeding reported in the literature in a group of cirrhotics with varices who did not undergo surgery. In addition, no correlation was seen between patients with a preoperative history of varices or bleeding and those who bled after surgery. Therefore, surgical repair of umbilical hernia can be performed in these patients without additional risk of precipitating variceal bleeding.
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PMID:Umbilical hernia repair in patients with cirrhosis. No evidence for increased incidence of variceal bleeding. 660 24

Umbilical hernia is a common finding in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Spontaneous disruption of the hernia and attendant discharge of ascitic fluid is an unusual and rarely reported complication in these patients and is associated with an overall mortality rate of nearly 30%. During the 5-year period 1977-1982, nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites were treated for spontaneous rupture of an umbilical hernia. Ascites was attributed to alcoholic cirrhosis in all cases and was present for an average of 21 months prior to rupture. In two cases, failed peritoneovenous shunts resulted in reaccumulation of massive ascites. Initial management included sterile occlusive dressings, fluid repletion, and intravenous antibiotic administration. Hernia repair was performed an average of 4.2 days after rupture. General anesthesia was used in eight cases and local anesthesia in one case. In one instance, the hernia became incarcerated and required urgent repair. Postoperative complications, including wound infection and colonic dilatation, occurred separately in two patients (22%). One patient died of hepatic failure 28 days after operation, for an overall mortality rate of 11%. Surviving patients have been followed for an average of 8 months, and most have done well. Spontaneous rupture of umbilical hernia in patients with ascites occurs uncommonly. Operative management is indicated uniformly and can be conducted safely when the patient's condition has stabilized. The prognosis is favorable for patients with good hepatic reserve.
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PMID:Management of spontaneous umbilical hernia disruption in the cirrhotic patient. 685 90

We present a case of spontaneous intestinal evisceration through an umbilical hernia in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and long-standing ascites. Hernia rupture is an unusual and potentially life-threatening event in patients with tense ascites. Patients should be managed on an individual basis, balancing aggressive medical stabilization with the need for prompt surgical repair.
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PMID:Spontaneous bowel evisceration in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and an umbilical hernia. 1797 94

Several reasons result in the finding that patients with cirrhosis need surgery more often than other patients groups. Patients with cirrhosis frequently have comorbidities resulting in gastrointestinal, lung or cervical cancer, among others. Independent of cirrhosis, surgical resection may be the best alternative for a number of those malignancies. Comorbidities may also result in an increased incidence of vascular complications (such as lower extremity atherosclerosis and coronary stenosis) some of them being potential indications for surgery. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are more frequently subjected to trauma and bone fractures. Ascites leads to umbilical hernia which can be strangulated or ruptured. Emergency surgery may be needed in this context. Finally, a significant proportion of patients with cirrhosis develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during the course of the disease. Surgical resection remains a first line option for HCC. While reliable guidelines have been proposed for surgical resection of HCC and liver transplantation, no precise guidelines are available for other aspects of surgical management during cirrhosis. Specific surgical procedures such as hepatectomy and transplantation are concentrated in highly specialised centres, where detailed evaluation is relatively easy to obtain. In contrast, more general surgical procedures, either abdominal or non abdominal, are performed in various centres, making it more difficult to obtain detailed evaluation and draw recommendations. General surveys are still needed to precisely assess the risk of non-specific surgery in patients with cirrhosis, to identify risk factors and to propose reliable guidelines.
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PMID:The risk of surgery in patients with cirrhosis. 1839 51

A 48-year-old Indian male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted after being found unresponsive. He was hypotensive and had hematochezia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed small esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. He continued to have hematochezia and anemia despite blood transfusions. Colonoscopy was normal. Repeat EGD did not reveal any source of recent bleed. Twelve days after admission, his hematochezia ceased. He refused further investigation and was discharged two days later. He presented one week after discharge with hematochezia. EGD showed non-bleeding Grade 1 esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. Colonoscopy was normal. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed liver cirrhosis with mild ascites, paraumbilical varices, and splenomegaly. He had multiple episodes of hematochezia, requiring repeated blood transfusions. Capsule endoscopy identified the bleeding site in the jejunum. Concurrently, CT angiography showed paraumbilical varices inseparable from a loop of small bowel, which had herniated through an umbilical hernia. The lumen of this loop of small bowel opacified in the delayed phase, which suggested variceal bleeding into the small bowel. Portal vein thrombosis was present. As he had severe coagulopathy and extensive paraumbilical varices, surgery was of high risk. He was not suitable for transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt as he had portal vein thrombosis. Percutaneous paraumbilical embolization via caput medusa was performed on day 9 of hospitalization. Following the embolization, the hematochezia stopped. However, he defaulted subsequent follow-up.
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PMID:Percutaneous paraumbilical embolization as an unconventional and successful treatment for bleeding jejunal varices. 1967 28

Because of its safety and treatment effectiveness, the popularity of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gradually increased. However, some serious complications of RFA such as hepatic infarction, bowel perforation, and tumor seeding have been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of diaphragmatic hernia after RFA for HCC. A 61-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis was diagnosed with a 1.0 cm sized HCC in segment (S) 5 and a 1.3 cm sized HCC in S 8 of the liver. He was treated by transarterial chemoembolization and RFA. After RFA, an abdominal CT revealed a diaphragmatic defect with herniating mesentery. Twenty-two months after the RFA, the chest CT showed the diaphragmatic defect with herniating colon and mesentery. Because he had no symptoms, and surgical repair for the diaphragmatic hernia would be a high risk operation for him, we decided to treat the patient conservatively. For its great rarity, we report this case with a review of the literature.
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PMID:A case of diaphragmatic hernia induced by radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. 2407 29

Intrathoracic hernias after total gastrectomy are rare. We report the case of a 78-year-old man who underwent total gastrectomy with antecolic Roux-Y reconstruction for residual gastric cancer. He had alcoholic liver cirrhosis and received radical laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer 3 years ago. Early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach was found by routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We initially performed endoscopic submucosal dissection, but the vertical margin was positive in a pathological result. We performed total gastrectomy with antecolic Roux-Y reconstruction by laparotomy. For adhesion of the esophageal hiatus, the left chest was connected with the abdominal cavity. A pleural defect was not repaired. Two days after the operation, the patient was suspected of having intrathoracic hernia by chest X-rays. Computed tomography showed that the transverse colon and Roux limb were incarcerated in the left thoracic cavity. He was diagnosed with intrathoracic hernia, and emergency reduction and repair were performed. Operative findings showed that the Roux limb and transverse colon were incarcerated in the thoracic cavity. After reduction, the orifice of the hernia was closed by suturing the crus of the diaphragm with the ligament of the jejunum and omentum. After the second operation, he experienced anastomotic leakage and left pyothorax. Anastomotic leakage was improved with conservative therapy and he was discharged 76 days after the second operation.
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PMID:Intrathoracic Hernia after Total Gastrectomy. 2740 95

A 59-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis presented to our hospital with an acutely painful umbilical hernia, and 4 mo of exertional dyspnea. He was noted to be tachypneic and hypoxic. He had a massive right sided pleural effusion with leftward mediastinal shift and gross ascites, with a tense, fluid-filled, umbilical hernia. Emergent paracentesis with drain placement and a large volume thoracentesis were performed. Despite improvement in dyspnea and drainage of 15 L of ascitic fluid, the massive transudative pleural effusion remained largely unchanged. He underwent a repeat large volume thoracentesis on hospital day 4. The patient subsequently developed a tension pneumothorax, which resulted in a dramatic reduction in the effusion. A chest tube was placed and serial radiographs demonstrated resolution of the pneumothorax but recurrence of the effusion. The radiographs illustrate the movement of fluid between the peritoneal and pleural cavities. In this case, the mechanism of pleural effusion was confirmed to be a hepatic hydrothorax via an unintended tension pneumothorax. Methods to elucidate a hepatic hydrothorax include Tc99m or indocyanine green injection into the ascitic fluid followed by its demonstration above the diaphragm. The unintended tension pneumothorax in this case additionally demonstrates bi-directional flow across the diaphragm.
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PMID:Bi-directional hepatic hydrothorax. 2853 92

Intestinal malrotation usually presents in the pediatric population with midgut volvulus requiring emergency Ladd's procedure. Rarely, it remains asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally only during adulthood when it seldom causes intestinal complications. The scenario of a cirrhotic adult being diagnosed with asymptomatic intestinal malrotation with subsequent intestinal complications is thus extremely rare and to our knowledge has not been previously reported. We describe a 56-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C, MELD score 22) who was initially observed after an incidental diagnosis of intestinal malrotation on computed tomography. Observation continued as his liver disease improved with alcohol cessation (Child-Pugh class A, MELD score 8). He later presented with a closed loop bowel obstruction secondary to midgut volvulus at the time of alcohol relapse and liver redecompensation (Child-Pugh class C, MELD score 22-29). He underwent emergency Ladd's procedure during which his midjejunum was volvulized into an internal hernia space created by a thick Ladd's band containing large varices. The postoperative course was complicated by ileus and loculated bacterial peritonitis. Based on our experience, we discuss special considerations with regard to the surgical technique and timing of Ladd's procedure when encountering intestinal malrotation in a cirrhotic adult with portal hypertension.
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PMID:Asymptomatic Intestinal Malrotation Progressing to Midgut Volvulus in a Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhotic Adult: A Rare Scenario Requiring Special Considerations. 3261 64