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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The experience with CAPD using the Tenckhoff catheter in 115 patients over a 7 year period has been reviewed. The general indications for CAPD in the patient with chronic renal failure are the mental and physical ability of the patient or his relatives to perform CAPD. In our series, diabetes mellitus has been a relative indication for CAPD, because diabetic patients often have vascular disease severe enough to make long-term hemodialysis difficult. The general contraindications are abdominal problems such as hernias, abdominal wall infections, inflammatory bowel disease, adhesions, and gastrointestinal stomas. Other contraindications are lumbar disk disease and respiratory insufficiency. The surgical principles of catheter insertion have been described. Complications associated with the Tenckhoff catheter were either mechanical (intraabdominal organ injury, incisional hernia, catheter leakage, catheter occlusion, or catheter dislodgement), or infectious (peritonitis or abdominal wall infection). The single most common organism isolated from effluent dialysate in 65 patients with peritonitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis in six patients (9.2 percent), and in 20 patients (30.8 percent), no organism could be isolated. For those patients who had peritonitis, the average frequency was at 8.9 months of CAPD. There were only three deaths (3 percent) directly related to the Tenckhoff catheter and these were due to peritonitis and sepsis. Only 22 (19 percent) of the 115 patients in this series had to discontinue CAPD because of its ineffectiveness or the patient's or relative's inability to perform CAPD.
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PMID:Surgical aspects of the Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter. A 7 year experience. 315 18

Indications for ileostomy revision in 49 patients with inflammatory bowel disease operated upon between January 1975 and December 1984 were obstruction (15), retraction (10), parastomal hernia (9), prolapse (8), and fistula (4). Recurrent Crohn's disease was an important factor in the pathogenesis of ileostomy complications particularly obstruction, retraction and fistula. Local revision without laparotomy was successful in seven of eight patients with an ileostomy prolapse, but in only four of eight patients with a retracted stoma. Results of local repair without laparotomy and resiting were successful in five of six patients with a parastomal hernia. Laparotomy was usually necessary in patients with obstruction especially if there was underlying Crohn's disease and in patients with peristomal fistula. Resiting of the stoma after laparotomy was used only if the stoma site was outside the rectus muscle or if the original stoma site was infected.
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PMID:Indications and outcome of reoperation for ileostomy complications in inflammatory bowel disease. 336 Dec 22

In an effort to avoid the failures of perineal wound healing that are common after proctectomy, 57 patients who had abdominoperineal resection of the rectum or total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (35 patients), Crohn's colitis (12), or carcinoma (10) had primary closure of the levator muscles and perineal tissues. No attempt was made to approximate the pelvic peritoneum. The small bowel was allowed to fill the pelvic space, which was also drained by suction catheters brought out through the lower abdominal wall. The skin and subcutaneous tissues were allowed to heal by secondary intention in seven patients who had excessive preoperative perineal sepsis from fistulas, deep fissures, and abscesses. All seven wounds healed within 2 months. Of the other 50 patients, whose wounds were closed to the skin, 48 were discharged with completely healed perineal wounds. Two patients had sterile pelvic hematomas that drained through the perineum and delayed wound healing 1 month and 2 months. There were no postoperative perineal, pelvic, or intraabdominal abscesses. Immediate postoperative ambulation was allowed. There was no increased short-term or long-term incidence of small bowel obstruction related to this procedure, nor did perineal hernia occur after long-term observation (mean: 5.3 years). This method of accomplishing perineal wound healing is simpler, safer, more comfortable, and remarkably effective in eliminating the prolonged morbidity of an unhealed perineal wound. It is superior to any other reported method of managing the perineal wound in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and may be applicable to the treatment of cancer without compromising the chances for cure.
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PMID:Improved management of the perineal wound after proctectomy. 407 88

The clinical presentation, treatment, and results of 405 patients with mechanical small intestinal obstruction admitted to the Montefiore Hospital and North Central Bronx Hospitals were reviewed. The etiology of obstruction was adhesions 74%, malignancy 8.6%, hernia 8.1%, inflammatory bowel disease 5.2%, and miscellaneous causes 4.1%. The overall mortality rate for the series was 6.7%, and the incidence of bowel strangulation was 10.1%. Strangulation occurred in 33.3% of the hernia group, 9.0% of the adhesions group, and 2.8% of the malignancy group. The largest single cause of death was related to malignant disease--12 cases (44.4%). Six deaths (22.2%) were caused by bowel strangulation. Of the patients who received more than 24 hours of nonoperative therapy, 46% had relief of obstruction. There was no statistically significant difference in successful results between patients managed with long tubes compared to patients managed with nasogastric tubes. Conservative therapy for malignant obstruction was not successful in 85% of cases. The presence of bowel strangulation shows a positive correlation with age (greater than 70 years), feculant vomiting, peristaltic sounds, and a white blood cell count higher than 18,000/mm3. It shows no correlation with onset, localization or type of pain, duration of symptoms, temperature, tachycardia, or x-ray findings. The results of the study indicate that accurate criteria for small bowel obstruction therapy have not been clearly defined except in patients with incarcerated hernias. Nonoperative management is successful in a significnt percentage of patients.
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PMID:Small bowel obstruction: the role of nonoperative treatment in simple intestinal obstruction and predictive criteria for strangulation obstruction. 720 87

This report investigates the concept that severe constipation requiring major abdominal surgery may result from one of three common causes: 1) colonic inertia, 2) pelvic hiatal hernia, or 3) both colonic inertia and pelvic hernia. This study evaluates the symptoms, anatomy and outcome in 201 patients with severe surgical constipation treated by a single surgeon. In 2042 patients with constipation referred to one colon and rectal surgeon, 211 major abdominal surgical procedures were performed on 201 patients for severe constipation between 1989 and 1999. There were 187 women and 14 men. Mean age was 49 years (range, 9-84). Five high-risk patients had ileostomy; 196 had major colonic surgery for anatomic or physiologic causes of constipation, excluding malignancy, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Pelvic hiatal hernia was defined as the herniation of bowel through the hiatus of the pelvic diaphragm seen on pelvic videofluoroscopy or physical examination. Of these 196 patients, 44 per cent had pelvic hiatal hernia repair (PHHR), 27 per cent had total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for colonic inertia, and 29 per cent had surgery for both colonic inertia and pelvic hiatal hernia. Of the 144 patients undergoing PHHR, 95 had Gore-Tex patch (W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc., Phoenix, AZ) sacral colpopexy. PHHR for pelvic hiatal hernia without colonic inertia included sigmoid resection, rectopexy, and Gore-Tex patch sacral colpopexy. Mean duration of follow-up was 20 months. Symptoms noted preoperatively included abdominal pain (84%), straining at stool (90%), incomplete rectal emptying (85%), painful bowel movements (74%), pelvic pain (69%), vaginal bulge (55%), digital assistance with evacuation (35%), and incontinence of stool (38%). Outcome assessed by symptom relief was successful in 89.1 per cent of patients. 8.6 per cent of patient conditions were unchanged, and 2.3 per cent were unsatisfied with the outcome. There were no postoperative deaths. The complication rate was 6.1 per cent (small bowel obstruction, 7; anastomotic leak, 2; ureteral stenosis, 2; and patch erosion, 1). In our experience, severe surgical constipation can be due to colonic inertia, pelvic hiatal hernia, or both. Careful preoperative evaluation identifies these disorders, and surgical therapy aimed at correction of anatomic and physiologic defects results in high patient satisfaction and improvement in bowel function.
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PMID:Operative management of severe constipation. 1059 57

Options for the repair of parastomal hernias include contralateral transposition or in situ repair. The latter can be accomplished either primarily or with prosthetic mesh. Concerns with mesh include possible gut erosion and infection. Recurrence rates in the literature are dismal regardless of technique. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with this problem focusing on in situ repairs. We identified 9 patients who underwent 10 in situ repairs. Of these, 6 were women, average age was 69.4 years, and stomas had been constructed for cancer in 6, inflammatory bowel disease in 2, and incontinence in 1. Eight patients had colostomies; one had an ileostomy. All patients were symptomatic from their hernias. Repairs were performed an average of 8 years after stoma construction. Hernia repair was performed transabdominally in four and through a parastomal incision in six. Complications included hematoma formation requiring evacuation in one and delayed resumption of oral intake secondary to nausea and cramps in three. Of the 9 initial repairs, 1 recurred (11%) and was repaired without subsequent failure. No mesh erosions or wound infections have occurred. This technique is safe and may be preferable to contralateral placement of the stoma.
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PMID:In situ mesh repair of parastomal hernias. 1532 4

We report results from a single surgeon's 10-year team experience with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy. We review our series, which includes a large subgroup of ill, high-risk patients with acute colitis requiring urgent surgery. From 1993 to 2003, we performed 65 laparoscopic total abdominal colectomies. All patients referred for total abdominal colectomy were offered the laparoscopic approach. We prospectively collected the following data on all patients: demographics, surgical indications, preoperative status, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, operative complications, length of stay, subsequent operations, patient satisfaction, and lessons learned from our team experience. Preoperative diagnoses included ulcerative colitis (n=55), Crohn's colitis (n=3), colonic inertia (n=4), and familial adenomatous polyposis (n=3). Among the patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 70% of cases were performed on ill patients, refractory to medical management, requiring urgent surgery. This subgroup was managed with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy and Brooke ileostomy, with ileoanal pouch anastomosis deferred. Operative times were long, ranging from 6 to 11 hours. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml. Mean length of stay was 4.3 days and ranged from 2 to 13 days. There were no conversions to open surgery and there were no deaths. Complications occurred in 12% of patients and included intra-abdominal abscess (n=2), wound infection (n=3), stoma stenosis (n=1), and incisional hernia (n=2). Postoperative patient satisfaction was high. Subsequent operations, including restorative proctectomy, were also performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy is technically challenging and requires a team approach but offers patients significant benefit in length of stay and surgical recovery. This operation can be effectively used with minimal morbidity in difficult, ill patients requiring urgent surgery.
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PMID:Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy in the acute setting. 1613 78

We report on a 25-year-old woman with long-standing Crohn's disease. Upon admittance to the emergency department, the patient complained of abdominal pain with increasing intensity over the last few days. Clinical examination revealed an abdominal mass in the right lower quadrant, and blood tests showed elevated markers of inflammation. Surprisingly, abdominal ultrasound did not show the suspected complication of Crohn's disease, but rather an incarcerated abdominal wall hernia, which turned out to be a spigelian hernia upon surgical repair. This case stresses the importance of abdominal ultrasound to rule out other diagnoses in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the emergency setting before starting a potentially dangerous treatment with high-dose steroids.
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PMID:[Incarcerated Spieghel-Hernie mimicking an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease]. 1631 26

The purpose of this study was to review and characterize the indications and early outcomes of abdominoperineal resection (APR) when used in a colorectal practice in an academic setting. Data was collected from the charts of all patients undergoing APR in a retrospective manner. Data collected included demographic information and details regarding the clinical presentation. Operative factors, information regarding the postoperative course, and morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Forty-four patients were treated with an APR in this practice between the years 1992 and 2004. The indications for operation were primary rectal cancer (n = 31), recurrent rectal cancer (n = 6), intractable Crohn disease (n = 3), anal melanoma (n = 1), cloacogenic cancer (n = 1), squamous cell cancer (n = 1), and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1). Complications in the first 60 days affected 14 patients (32%). The most common complication was intra-abdominal/pelvic abscess formation occurring in 6 of these 14 patients (43%). Additional complications in the first 60 days included rectus flap necrosis, perineal wound evisceration, prolonged ileus, and urinary retention. There was no surgical mortality. Long-term complications occurred in 7 patients (16%), with parastomal hernia being the most common (43%). Although relatively infrequently used, APR will continue to play a role for selected patients in the future. Despite the significant morbidity associated with this surgery, APR may provide beneficial treatment for select cases of low rectal cancer, end-stage inflammatory bowel disease, and anal malignancies.
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PMID:Contemporary indications for and early outcomes of abdominoperineal resection. 1646 31

Pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful for identification of postoperative changes, complications, and disease recurrence in patients who have undergone surgery for primary or recurrent anorectal disease. Commonly used interventions include treatment for anorectal carcinoma: anterior rectal resection with or without creation of different colic anastomoses and abdominoperineal excision with or without pelvic reconstruction (omentoplasty, placement of myocutaneous flaps). Other common interventions include treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (coloproctectomy with or without creation of an ileoanal anastomosis and ileal pouch) and treatment for fistulas (placement of flaps or setons). Postoperative anatomic changes and formation of scar tissue can usually be identified with consecutive MR imaging examinations. Pelvic MR imaging is an accurate technique for assessment of complications including anastomotic leakage, septic complications such as fistulas and abscesses, neoplastic recurrence, and other less common complications (perineal hernia, peritoneal pseudocyst). The sophisticated surgical procedures used in rectal surgery can alter normal anatomy and make image interpretation difficult. Thus, familiarity with the appearances of postoperative anatomic changes, complications, and tumor recurrence is essential for accurate MR imaging evaluation after surgery for anorectal disease.
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PMID:Anatomic and pathologic findings at external phased-array pelvic MR imaging after surgery for anorectal disease. 1697 71


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