Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Until the 16th day of gestation the intravenous LD50 of Cd2+ in the pregnant Wistar-Porton rat is higher, but not significantly different from that (1.8 mg Cd2+ per kg body weight) in nulliparous females. At 20 days it is 1.1 mg Cd2+ kg per body weight. This decrease is related to the rapid increase in weight of the conceptuses in late gestation and to the retention of most of the dose in the maternal compartment. If the dose is based on body weight at conception, the LD50 for the 20-day pregnant rat (1.6 mg Cd2+ per kg body weight) and non-gravid female do not differ significantly. Nevertheless, after the same Cd2+ dose, hepatic and renal Cd2+ concentrations are less in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant animal. The Cd2+ concentrations, therefore, do not determine the liver and kidney damage, which is restricted to the pregnant rat. Placentae also accumulate Cd2+ and placental haemorrhage follows the injection of the appropriate Cd2+ LD50 on day 12-20 of gestation. In those animals that die between 16 and 30 h after dosing, haemorrhage and death appear to be correlated. Renal damage, therefore, probably results from haemorrhagic shock. It is not dependent on the transfer of protein-bound Cd2+ from the necrotic placentae to the kidney. Between the 8th and 15th day of gestation, Cd2+ (1.25 mg per kg body weight) is highly teratogenic. Hydrocephalus is the most frequent abnormality when the dose is given between the 8th and 12th day. Other malformations include eye defects, gastroschiasis and umbilical hernia.
 ...
PMID:The acute toxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium in the pregnant rat. 718 87

Previous studies have indicated that ethylene glycol (EG) is a developmental toxicant in rats and mice primarily when ingested. This study was designed to establish no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) for developmental toxicity of EG administered by gavage in both rodent species. Dams were administered EG on Gestation Days 6-15; rats were given 0, 150, 500, 1000, or 2500 mg EG/kg/day; mice were dosed with 0, 50, 150, 500, or 1500 mg EG/kg/day. In rat dams given 2500 mg EG/kg/day, water consumption was increased during treatment and body weights were reduced throughout gestation; liver and kidney weights were increased at euthanization (Gestation Day 21). Relative liver weights were also increased at 1000 mg/kg/day. Effects observed in rat fetuses at 2500 mg/kg/day included the following: hydrocephaly; gastroschisis; umbilical hernia; fused, duplicated, or missing arches, centra, and ribs; poor ossification in thoracic and lumbar regions; and reduced body weights. Reduced body weights, duplicated or missing ribs, centra, and arches, and poor ossification were also observed in rat fetuses at 1000 mg/kg/day. In mice, there was no apparent treatment-related maternal toxicity. In mouse fetuses (Gestation Day 18), effects were observed at 1500 mg/kg/day and included reduced body weights, fused ribs and arches, poor ossification in thoracic and lumbar centra, and increased occurrence of an extra 14th rib. At 500 mg/kg/day, slight reductions in fetal body weight and increased incidences of extra ribs were observed. Under conditions of these studies, NOELs for developmental toxicity were 500 mg/kg/day for rats and 150 mg/kg/day for mice, indicating that mice were more susceptible than rats to the teratogenic effects of EG.
 ...
PMID:Determination of a no-observed-effect level for developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol administered by gavage to CD rats and CD-1 mice. 758 22

We report on a 31-week fetus with hydrocephalus, hypertelorism, microtia, short neck, vertebral and rib defects, scoliosis, omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, absent external genitalia and pubic rami, imperforate anus, diaphragmatic hernia, defective lobulation of lungs, single kidney, bicornuate uterus, and flexion deformities of the limbs. Similar extensive anomalies in the rostral and caudal regions were described by Russell et al. [Pediatrics, 67:176-182, 1981] and Stewart et al. [Am J Med Genet, 45:426-429, 1993]. The patients described by them had a combination of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral sequence (OAV) and caudal deficiency sequence, whereas the patient reported here can best be described as a combination of OAV and OEIS (omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, imperforate anus, spinal defects) complexes. The widespread malformations seen in our patient may be the result of an error during blastogenesis.
 ...
PMID:OEIS complex with craniofacial anomalies--defect of blastogenesis? 780 30

We wished to identify the types and frequencies of malformations among continuing pregnancies exposed to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and to determine whether selected procedure-related variables differ between the normal and anomalous cohorts. CVS was performed in 1048 patients between May 1988 and January 1992. Prospective assessment of perinatal outcome was ascertained by (1) physician-patient phone contact within 1 week of sampling, (2) ultrasound evaluation of the fetal anatomy at mid-gestation, (3) a detailed post-partum questionnaire completed by the referring obstetrician, and (4) a telephone interview with each patient after the expected date of confinement. Twenty-seven major malformations were documented among 938 pregnancies (live born, n = 934; electively terminated, n = 4), and included cardiac malformations (5), hypospadias (5), craniosynostosis (2), pyloric stenosis (2), inguinal hernia (2), polydactyly (2), syndactyly, distal extremely hemimelia, anencephaly, hydrocephalus, cleft lip and palate, omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia, thanatophoric dysplasia, and unilateral cataract. Normal and anomalous cohorts were similar with respect to sampling method (transabdominal/transcervical ratio), mean gestational age at CVS, single-pass success rate, and mean total sample weight. No relationship between any procedure-related variable and the risk of malformation was observed.
 ...
PMID:Congenital malformations subsequent to chorionic villus sampling: outcome analysis of 1048 consecutive procedures. 793 77

A 23-24-week-old fetus was the product of a normal pregnancy terminated because of diaphragmatic hernia and hydrocephalus diagnosed by ultrasound. Karyotype on fetal blood was normal. At autopsy, hydrocephalus was associated with multiple large intrameningeal nodules and focal cerebral dysplasia resembling type II lissencephaly. In addition, many structures of the brainstem were dysmorphic and the retina showed multiple rosettes. Skeletal muscle was normal. The peculiar features described in this case pose problems for classification and genetic implications of the anomalies.
 ...
PMID:Focal cerebral anomalies and retinal dysplasia in a 23-24-week-old fetus. 833 11

We present the largest single series of cases (n = 5) of penoscrotal transposition (PST) with carefully documented nongenitourinary/anal anomalies, none of which fell into categories of known syndromes, associations, sequences or chromosome disorders. Several unexpected anomalies were observed including coloboma of the iris and retina, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, diaphragmatic hernia, tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia and cleft palate. The most frequent anomalies other than PST were renal defects (100%) such as renal agenesis and dysplasia, imperforate anus (60%), central nervous system anomalies (60%) and preaxial upper limb defects (40%). Cardiovascular defects (atrial septal defect, double aortic arch with vascular ring) were noted in only one case. The surviving patients (3/5) had postnatal growth failure and mental retardation. Our 5 PST patients are compared to 16 well-documented cases from the literature. The overall incidence of various extragenital abnormalities were: renal (90%), mental retardation (60%), imperforate anus (33%), central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (29%), vertebral defects (29%), preaxial limb defects (24%) and congenital heart disease (19%). PST is a rare heterogenous anomaly, the detection of which should warrant careful clinical evaluation to rule out other anomalies, especially of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, upper limbs, craniofacial region and central nervous system. PST may be a localized field defect involving the genitourinary system; however, the wide variety of more distant defects noted in our series and the literature would raise doubt about that assumption. The high frequency of growth deficiency and mental retardation has also not been given due respect as accompanying problems associated with PST.
 ...
PMID:Penoscrotal transposition and associated anomalies: report of five new cases and review of the literature. 884 15

Congenital lumbar hernia is uncommon in children; only 42 cases have been reported. A newborn girl with congenital superior lumbar hernia associated with lumbo-costovertebral syndrome is described. Associated features include focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, absent right kidney and hydrocephalus.
 ...
PMID:Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver with the lumbo-costovertebral syndrome. 888 2

The double-cross plasty with preservation of tunics and placement their edges under the back muscles has been developed and clinically used in 31 cases for prevention of hydrocephalus and firm defect closing in patients with spinal hernia. Muscular-fascial plasty has been used in 84 patients of the control group. Ultrasound examination of hernia sac and the brain itself has been done prior to the surgery. The histological analyses of hernia sac's wall has been done to determine the optimal age for performing surgery. According to the results of the study this age is 10 days, 4, 6 and 8 months. Tunics are more firm and well vascularize to these times. In elder patients the tunics will vascularize to these times. In elder patients the tunics will scar and that will cause disorders of haemo-liquor circulation. According to the results of clinical cases this method may be recommended for clinical use because of hydrocephalus stabilization.
 ...
PMID:[Double-cross repair in spinal hernias in children]. 892 68

The standard treatment of hydrocephalus is the insertion of a valve-regulated ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, which may result in the development or clinical worsening of an inguinal hernia or hydrocele. A review of the British Columbia's Children's Hospital experience with VP shunt insertion (1983-1994) identified 304 patients who underwent VP shunt placement, 31 of whom subsequently required herniorrhaphy, 5 suffering recurrences. Two cases exhibited areas of glial differentiation (diffusely scattered in one sac from a bilateral repair, focally present in the second unilateral hernia repair) displaying cytoplasmic staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. At time of surgical repair of case 1 (bilateral hernia repair), the tip of the VP shunt was detected within the hernia sac exhibiting glial differentiation; no glial tissue was identified in the sac from the other side. We conclude that inguinal herniation is a common complication of VP shunt insertion, and the identification of glial tissue within such an inguinal hernia is a rarer complication, possibly occurring when the shunt tip lies in close proximity to the hernial mesothelial tissue.
 ...
PMID:Inguinal herniation with glial implants: possible complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. 902 56

Intrathoracic kidney is a very rare congenital anomaly with only about 50 cases reported in the world literature. Incidence of intrathoracic kidney with Bochdalek hernias was reported to be less than 0.25 percent. The relationship between them remains uncertain. We report a case in which the patient had a normal chest x-ray at birth, but at the age of 5 months an isolated left sided intrathoracic kidney with incomplete duplication was discovered. This was followed by ipsilateral diaphragmatic hernia at the age of nine months. Other coexisting malformations included hydrocephalus and an imperforate anus with perineal fistula. A primary repair of the diaphragmatic defect and a minimal posterior sagittal anorectoplasty were carried out at the age of nine months. Since then, the patient has had repeated admissions due to viral infection. Eventually she succumbed to pneumonia at the age of one year. This case raised the question "Does the ascent of metanephron continue postnatally and affect development of the diaphragm?"
 ...
PMID:Delayed manifestation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with intrathoracic kidney: report of one case. 906 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>