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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the incidence, the mortality, the risk factors and the most appropriate method for treatment of sternal infections, 9,742 charts were reviewed retrospectively of patients having undergone a sternotomy for cardiac surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute. One hundred and eleven sternal infections (1.1%) were identified: 55 (0.57%) superficial, 56 (0.57%) profound (mediastinitis). The treatment for these profound infections was either debridement, open or closed with drainage irrigation, pectoral flap closure-repair, or epiplooplasty closure. The risk factors for those patients experiencing profound infections were diabetes, obesity, length of the surgical intervention, the time spent in the operating room, and the duration of endotracheal intubation. Eleven of the 111 patients died. The average length of hospitalization were similar for those patients treated by pectoral flap repair and by the epiplooplasty closure. All patients (100%) treated by the epiplooplasty closure developed an epigastric hernia. Six cases of recurrent infection were observed in the group treated by debridement. The average hospital stay was shortened for those patients benefiting from the pectoral flap and epiplooplasty closures. A high incidence of mortality is associated with profound sternal infection. The methods of treatment are various. We recommend as treatment of choice, the pectoral flap closure because there is relatively low risks with this procedure, little to no recurrence of infection, a shorter hospital stay and this procedure does not provoke epigastric hernia.
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PMID:[Post-sternotomy mediastinitis: strategy of treatment]. 178 19

Clinical course, complications and outcome were analyzed in 75 patients (14 women, 61 men) who started CAPD at age 55 years or older (55-81). These patients were separated in three groups. Group A patients had high risk for vascular disease (diabetes, hypertension, N = 45), group B patients had a presumed lower risk for vascular disease (primary renal disease, N = 22), and group C patients had miscellaneous conditions (N = 8). Group A was compared to group B. Patient and technique survival was statistically higher for group B than for group A. The rates of peritoneal dialysis related complications (peritonitis, tissue infections, catheter loss, hernias) were comparable between groups A and B. Hernias were seen frequently in all groups and had severe sequellae, including discontinuation of CAPD. Catastrophic vascular events were also seen in all groups, but the frequency of such events, particularly of catastrophic vascular events of the limbs, was statistically higher in group A than in group B. Vascular disease accounted for the majority of deaths in all groups. Four patients died from cardiovascular instability soon after changing from CAPD to hemodialysis. In conclusion, vascular disease is the major factor limiting survival in older CAPD patients. CAPD is superior to hemodialysis for a relatively small fraction of older patients with severe cardiovascular instability.
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PMID:Vascular disease: the critical risk factor for mortality in older patients on CAPD. 198 41

An unusual case of giant scrotal hernia is presented. Hernias of this magnitude are extremely rare, even in underdeveloped countries, and their repair is challenging to the surgeon and stressful to the patient. Only a few case reports on the use of pneumoperitoneum prior to herniorrhaphy have been published; however, our patient's accompanying complications of diabetes mellitus and gastrointestinal symptoms precluded the use of pneumoperitoneum. The emergency management, including the expansion of the abdominal cavity with prosthesis, the ensuing postoperative complications, and the patient outcome, are discussed.
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PMID:Urgent management of a giant scrotal hernia. 222 13

Over a 42-month period, 210 patients had a lower midline incision, usually extending around the umbilicus, that was closed with a continuous, running number 2 polypropylene suture. Patients in this study had various predisposing factors for wound disruption. Over 60% were operated upon because of gynecologic cancer. Additional high-risk factors included obesity in 56%, diabetes in 28%, previous irradiation or chemotherapy in 17%, and ascites in 8%. The operative procedures performed ranged from hysterectomies with node sampling to bowel resections and exenterations; wound complications were noted in seven patients. One patient had an incisional hernia. No eviscerations occurred. The closure is safe, expedient, and cost-efficient, and distributes tension equally over a continuous line.
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PMID:Primary mass closure of midline incisions with a continuous running monofilament suture in gynecologic patients. 264 26

The Inuit (Eskimo) gene pool is in many respects similar to that of East Asian populations. Some polymorphisms imply frequent occurrence of disorders comparatively rare in Western Europe (e.g. lactose and sucrose malabsorptions). Low frequencies of alleles for slow isoniazid acetylation and sparteine/debrisoquine oxidation indicate slow elimination of a multitude of drugs. Autoimmune disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease and psoriasis) are rare, possibly explained by the associations of these disorders with HLA-alleles rare in the Inuit (e.g. HLA-B8). A correspondingly high incidence of reactive arthritis may be explained by a frequent HLA-B27 allele. The prevalence of disorders due to instability of mesenchymal tissues (e.g. spondylolisthesis, osteoarthrosis, hernia, heart block) still requires a biochemical explanation. Attention is drawn to the urgency of genetic studies in the Arctic because of the accelerating hybridization of the Inuit in all circumpolar areas.
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PMID:Genetic epidemiology of Greenland. 268 6

Two cases of a rare peripheral neurological disease (neuralgic amyotrophy of the lower extremity) are presented, with clinical symptoms (severe sciatic pain with motor paresis) that pose differential diagnostic difficulties against a hernia of a lumbar disk. Because of a tendency to heal by itself, the disease has a good prognosis. The diagnosis is based on a process of exclusion of herniated disks, lesions of the lumbar plexus in tumors or after radiation therapy, hematoma of the psoas after coagulation disturbances, birth, or trauma, and nutritive disruptions of the nervous system as in diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the symptoms of this--in orthopedics--mostly unknown disease and critical interpretation of the clinical and medical-technical data are important to avoid wrong indications for surgery.
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PMID:Neuralgic amyotrophy of the lumbar area. Case report. 278 27

A quality control program for the surveillance of surgical complications is described which includes all persons working at a surgical unit. The house surgeon when writing his letter for the general practitioner after the patient is demissed uses a special form for postoperative complications. Ten well defined types of complications, e.g. haematoma, fistula, abscess, pneumonia are recorded. Another surgeon responsible for the control program gathers weekly all forms presenting the results monthly at an audit to all surgeons of the unit. Here results are discussed in detail. Each surgeon gets his own complication profile monthly. Every three months the results of surveillance program are presented to all staff members including nurses, so that cooperative actions to reduce the complication rate can be taken. From January 1, 1985 to June 30, 1987, 2597 operations were performed, 213 patients (8.2%) suffered postoperative complications especially after surgery of the colon and rectum (28%), cholecystectomy (26%) and hernia repair (18%). Comparing three time periods (1985, 86, 87) no significant amelioration of complication rates were found. But factors influencing complications like very high age of patients, seriousness of the disease, and diabetes were not evenly distributed in all three samples. Therefore it might be impossible to lower the complication rate since those factors can't be influenced by better preparation for and better performing of surgery.
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PMID:[Systematic assessment of postoperative complications. A form of personal quality control]. 292 Jun 21

Patterns of mortality among members of the Seneca Nation of Indians between January 1, 1955, and December 31, 1984, were investigated. The study cohort consisted of all members of the Seneca Nation residing in New York State who were listed in the tribal rolls as of January 1, 1955 (n = 3,262). Deaths among cohort members were identified through a computer match against New York State vital records files. Sex-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated on the basis of mortality patterns exhibited by the general population of New York State, exclusive of New York City. Seneca Nation males demonstrated an excess of deaths from all causes (SMR = 124), while all-cause mortality among Seneca Nation females did not differ from that expected (SMR = 106). Both males and females exhibited excess mortality from infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of the liver, and accidents and injuries. Excess mortality was also noted among males for deaths due to atherosclerosis and hernia/intestinal obstruction and among females for deaths due to pneumonia, chronic nephritis, and homicide. Both sexes exhibited a deficit of deaths due to malignant neoplasms and circulatory diseases. Findings from this study will be useful to those responsible for the planning and implementation of health care programs among the Seneca Nation of Indians and other Native American groups.
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PMID:Mortality in a northeastern Native American cohort, 1955-1984. 292 27

The experience with CAPD using the Tenckhoff catheter in 115 patients over a 7 year period has been reviewed. The general indications for CAPD in the patient with chronic renal failure are the mental and physical ability of the patient or his relatives to perform CAPD. In our series, diabetes mellitus has been a relative indication for CAPD, because diabetic patients often have vascular disease severe enough to make long-term hemodialysis difficult. The general contraindications are abdominal problems such as hernias, abdominal wall infections, inflammatory bowel disease, adhesions, and gastrointestinal stomas. Other contraindications are lumbar disk disease and respiratory insufficiency. The surgical principles of catheter insertion have been described. Complications associated with the Tenckhoff catheter were either mechanical (intraabdominal organ injury, incisional hernia, catheter leakage, catheter occlusion, or catheter dislodgement), or infectious (peritonitis or abdominal wall infection). The single most common organism isolated from effluent dialysate in 65 patients with peritonitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis in six patients (9.2 percent), and in 20 patients (30.8 percent), no organism could be isolated. For those patients who had peritonitis, the average frequency was at 8.9 months of CAPD. There were only three deaths (3 percent) directly related to the Tenckhoff catheter and these were due to peritonitis and sepsis. Only 22 (19 percent) of the 115 patients in this series had to discontinue CAPD because of its ineffectiveness or the patient's or relative's inability to perform CAPD.
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PMID:Surgical aspects of the Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter. A 7 year experience. 315 18

In order to study the problems of surgery for incisional hernia and its prognosis, 657 patients who had undergone surgery for incisional hernia between January 1974 and December 1983 in 27 hospitals were analyzed statistically by questionnaire survey. These patients consisted of 571 in whom surgery was performed for the first time and 86 in whom surgery was carried out for recurrent hernia. The ratio of male to female patients with initial surgery was 1:2.4, showing a higher frequency in females than in males. Initial surgery was most frequently carried out in the patients' 50s and 60s. The most common procedure which caused hernia was a median incision in 299 (51.6%), followed by an incision of the right hypogastrium for appendectomy in 211 (36.4%). There were many patients with systemic complications such as obesity, diabetes and asthma. The recurrence rate after radical surgery for incisional hernia was 9.1%. There was a tendency for the recurrence rate to be high in elderly patients and those who had had systemic complications (obesity, diabetes and asthma) preoperatively. The rate was very high, 33.3%, in patients with postoperative wound infection. The recurrence rate in patients with surgery for recurrent hernia was about three times as high as the 7.3% for patients with initial surgery. When the rate was determined by procedure, it was 2.4% for patients treated by a mesh prosthesis, 9.4% for those treated by celiorrhaphy and closure, and 16.7% for those treated by the overlap method. Mesh prosthesis was considered the best procedure, particularly for recurrent hernia.
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PMID:[Surgery of incisional hernia and its prognosis--statistical analysis in 657 patients]. 352 14


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