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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare occurrence; only six cases have been reported and only in one of these was the pulmonary drainage by the infracardiac route. A further such case is reported in a girl twin, with cleft palate and umbilical hernia and a normal spleen, who died at the age of three weeks and the clinical and post mortem features are described. The masking effect of the pulmonary outflow stenosis on pulmonary venous obstruction is discussed together with the relevance to clinical diagnosis and surgical intervention as "palliative" surgery may be dangerous.
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PMID:Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with tetralogy of Fallot: report of a case. 667 88

Although nitrofen, 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether, is a relatively nontoxic herbicide, prenatal exposure to doses considerably less than the LD50 value for adult rats and mice produces numerous developmental defects that become apparent as the animals mature. In the present study postnatal development was observed following prenatal exposure during Days 7 to 17 of gestation at doses of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg/day. These doses did not cause maternal toxicity as indicated by the viability of the dams or maternal weight gain during pregnancy. By 3 days of age all pups in the two highest dose groups were dead and 50% had died in the 100 mg/kg/day dose group. Some of the dead and moribund pups from the 200 mg/kg/day exposure group necropsied at three days of age had cleft palate (15%) or diaphragmatic hernia (6%). In addition, about 22% of the pups at 200 mg/kg/day developed a distended abdomen from gasping and swallowing air. These pups did not suckle and eventually died. Body weights of offspring were reduced at birth in the 150 and 200 mg/kg/day groups and at 3 days of age in the 100 mg/kg/day group. Growth rates were subsequently retarded at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The Harderian glands were reduced or absent in 97, 65, and 4% of the mice in the 100, 50, and 25 mg/kg dosage groups, respectively, and the gland weights were reduced at all dosages, including the lowest dose of 6.25 mg/kg/day. Weights of other organs including lung and liver (at 6.25 and above), seminal vesicle (at 12.5 and above), and testes (at 100 mg/kg/day) were also reduced by prenatal nitrofen exposure. In addition, prenatal treatment with nitrofen produced functional deficits of the reproductive system; puberty was delayed in females and litter sizes were reduced at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day. A cross-fostering experiment with 100 mg/kg/day of nitrofen demonstrated that the effects noted in the present study were produced solely by prenatal exposure; pups exposed to nitrofen in the milk alone as a consequence of any accumulation of nitrofen in the dam during gestation were unaffected.
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PMID:Postnatal developmental alterations following prenatal exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether: a dose response evaluation in the mouse. 684 49

We report a brother and sister who died neonatally with a distinctive but variable multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndrome. Anomalies in both included similar facial changes, cleft palate, distal digital hypoplasia, lung hypoplasia, and urogenital abnormalities. They were discordant for cleft lip, diaphragmatic hernia, and Dandy-Walker anomaly. These sibs resemble three recently reported stillborn children and support the existence of a "new" autosomal recessive MCA syndrome with variable expressivity.
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PMID:Fryns syndrome: a new variable multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndrome. 685 98

The antimitotic drug hydroxyurea (HU) has been evaluated as a positive standard for teratological screening in rats. Single intraperitoneal administration of HU to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at the dose level of 750 mg/kg induced embryolethality or specific anomalies depending on the day of treatment: HU administration on days 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 produced lethal effects in a high percentage of embryos; cardiovascular malformations were specifically induced by a single dose on day 10, ocular anomalies on day 10 or 11, palatoschisis or diaphragmatic hernia on day 12, limb or paw deformities on day 10, 11, 12 or 13. This experiment demonstrated the high susceptibility of the genotype of our colony of rats to the embryotoxic potential of HU. Repeated oral administration of HU during the organogenetic period (from day 6 to day 15 of gestation), at dose levels ranging from 50 to 450 mg/kg, led to a dose dependent embryolethal and teratogenic effect. Live foetuses at term generally showed severe ocular and craniofacial anomalies; hydrocephalus, cardiovascular anomalies, vertebral and costal defects were also registered. Limb malformations were not frequent and paw abnormalities were totally absent. In our experimental conditions, the dose level of 300 mg/kg is regarded as a suitable positive control dosage in teratological testing of new molecules by oral route.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea as a reference standard in teratological screening. Comparison of the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects following single intraperitoneal or repeated oral administrations to pregnant rats. 693 10

Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers are frequently used in industry, and accidents due to them occur. Impaired hematopoietic function and genital injury in animal experiments have been reported. Of various alkyl radicals, those with a methyl radical strongly injure them. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME) was administered to pregnant mice on the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th days of pregnancy, which is the early stage of organ formation, for examination of its effect on feti, with special reference to the presence or absence of teratogenicity. Of 97 female mice mated and sampled, 490 mg/kg of EGDME was administered to 28 as Group A, 350 mg/kg to 23 as Group B, and 250 mg/kg to 23 as Group C. Only distilled water was given to 23 mice as a control group. 1. The mother mice showed no noteworthy ecological changes after conception in any group, but showed uneventful weight gain. No weight loss or abortion due to EGDME was observed in the experimental groups. 2. As a result of the oral administration of EGDME to pregnant mice, 20% of feti died in Group A, 13.1% in Group B, and 12.6% in Group C, the fetal mortality rate increasing with increasing dosage. 3. Surface deformity was observed in 19.2% in Group A, 5.1% in Group B, and 0.3% in Group C, the rate of deformity being high in large-dose groups. External brain was most frequent, and palpebral patency, caudal defect, peritoneal hernia, and cleft palate were observed in a small number of mice each. 4. As skeletal deformity, defect of the parietal bone was observed in the mice with external brain, but no other cranial abnormality was observed. Abnormalities of cervical vertebrae appeared in 45.9% in Group A, 33.6% in Group B, and 14.6% in Group C. Costal fusion occurred in 71.2% in Group A, 54.3% in Group B, and 21.5% in Group C.
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PMID:[The teratogenic effects of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether on mouse (author's transl)]. 719 15

These experiments were planned to acquire any informations about the possibilities of harmful effects of ultrasonics on the chromosomes, the cell division of cultured cells and the developing embryos of the ICR mice. 1. The effects of ultrasonics on the chromosomes. Lymphocytes of fetal blood, fibroblasts of fetal skin and fibroblasts from amniotic fluid were exposed to the continuous ultrasonics of 2MHz with the intensity of 2W/cm2, 1 hour. No significant increase of chromosomal aberrations was found in the exposed groups. 2. The effects on the growth of cultured cells. Fibroblasts of fetal skin were exposed to the continuous ultrasonics of 2MHz (max 2MHz, 2 hours). The cell growth was observed during 14 days, but no suppression on the cell division appeared in the exposed groups. 3. The effects on the ICR pregnant mice. In total, 125 ICR pregnant mice were exposed to the ultrasonics of 2MHz on 8th day of pregnancy (I; control group, II; buffered control group, III; 200 mw/cm2 and IV; 2000 mw/cm2, 5 min). The weight gain of maternal body was suppressed in group IV. The number of implantation sites in group IV was significantly higher than the other 3 groups. The external, skeletal and visceral abnormalities were examined for 1251 fetuses. Brain hernia, anencephaly, cleft palate and skeletal abnormalities were found in group IV and its incidence was significantly higher than the other 3 groups.
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PMID:[Effects of ultrasonic irradiation on chromosomes, cell division and developing embryos (author's transl)]. 724 Aug 19

The neural tube defects (anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida cystica), oral clefts (cleft lip +/- palate, posterior cleft palate), omphalocele, and diaphragmatic hernia associate with one another far more frequently than at the expected random combination rates. The combination of other abnormalities does not exceed the expected rate. Thus, two or more combinations of schisis-type abnormalities without other defects were treated as a provisional entity. The schisis-association is practically a lethal abnormality. It occurs more often in girls (sex ratio: 0.33), in twins (4.6%), in breech presentations (13.7%), in association with lower mean birth weight (1,931 gm), and in association with a shorter gestation period (36.4 weeks). Mothers of affected children have a significantly higher miscarriage rate; occurrence of schisis-type abnormalities was found in 3.7% of the sibs of index patients. However, except for one, the sib-occurrences of schisis abnormalities were isolated neural tube defects or oral clefts.
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PMID:Schisis-association. 729 60

Orbital imaging is not performed routinely during obstetrical sonography, but the discovery of abnormal orbital diameters provides evidence of fetal dysgenesis. This study was designed to establish the validity of a previously developed orbital nomogram for a high-risk population and to determine whether proved cases of hypotelorism and hypertelorism fell outside the normal ranges. Inner and outer orbital measurements of 422 fetuses were obtained prospectively during routine obstetrical sonography in a high-risk patient population. Comparison of these measurements to the previously established nomogram demonstrated that the nomogram is still accurate with current equipment and in a population at high risk for anomalies. In addition, sonograms and autopsy and clinical data from six cases of hypotelorism, two of cyclopia, and three of hypertelorism were reviewed retrospectively. Both inner and outer orbital measurements fell clearly below two standard deviations of the mean in all six cases of hypotelorism. The three cases of hypertelorism had inner orbital measurements above the 95th percentile and outer orbital distances within normal limits but near the 95th percentile. All cases with abnormal orbital distances had associated intra- or extracranial abnormalities, including holoprosencephaly, encephalocele, cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, imperforate anus, diaphragmatic hernia, and digit anomalies.
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PMID:Significance of orbital measurements in the fetus. 787 4

During investigations of biological activity of proteolysis inhibitors from Ascaris lumbricoides, teratogenic action of alfa-chymotrypsin inhibitor (ICH) was evaluated. The inhibitor was obtained by a method of Roli and Pudles and was applied parenterally at 8-12 day of pregnancy to BALB/c mice in doses of 20-80 mg/kg of mice per 24 hours. Control groups received respectively 1 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl or 80 mg of bovine albumin. Normal status of development of internal organs in 19-days old fetuses was evaluated by a method of Wilson and Dyban and of their skeletons according to Dawson. It was found that character and exacerbation of prenatal disturbances of mice development is conditioned by the ICH dose. Teratogenic action of ICH was apparent in fetuses after application to mice of 60 and 80 mg. Most frequent developmental defects were: cleft palate, brain hernia, fusion of ribs and curvature of spine. No defects were noted in control groups. Lower doses of ICH exhibited only embryotoxic effect.
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PMID:[Teratogenic action of alpha-chymotrypsin inhibitor of Ascaris lumbricoides in mice]. 818 18

Fryns syndrome is a lethal autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characteristic "coarse" facies, cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, and distal digital hypoplasia. The appearance of the face and digits is very similar to that observed in Pallister-Killian syndrome (mosaic isochromosome 12p), although the incidence of cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, and neonatal death is much lower in the latter condition. We report on an infant with many manifestations of Fryns syndrome ("coarse" face, cleft palate, cloudy corneae, diaphragmatic hernia, distal digital hypoplasia, and neonatal death) who was found to be mosaic for i(12p). Her diagnosis was changed to Pallister-Killian syndrome and the family was counselled accordingly. The clinical overlap between Fryns and Pallister-Killian syndromes is discussed. Because the chromosome abnormality in Pallister-Killian syndrome is often limited to fibroblasts and may be selectively eliminated both in vivo and in vitro, some Pallister-Killian patients may be misdiagnosed with Fryns syndrome and given an erroneously high recurrence risk. Newborn infants with the Fryns or Pallister-Killian phenotypes should have chromosome studies involving multiple tissues so that the correct diagnosis can be made. This will contribute to the understanding of both disorders and facilitate appropriate genetic counselling.
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PMID:Pallister-Killian and Fryns syndromes: nosology. 1148 14


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