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Query: UMLS:C0019270 (hernia)
 15,856 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies performed in this laboratory indicated that exposure of rat fetuses to high-boiling coal liquids from 12-14 days of gestation (dg) induced a number of major malformations, including cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia and small lungs. The study reported here was designed to determine postnatal viability and development of survivors following in utero exposure to Harmarville process solvent (HPS), a wide-boiling-range (150 to greater than 455 degrees C) coal liquid. For this study, 0.74 g kg-1 of the coal liquid was administered (by intragastric intubation) to rats from 12 to 14 dg. Offspring were evaluated for postnatal survival, growth and lung and thymus weights. Randomly selected pups from control and treated litters were killed and necropsied at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days postpartum. In addition, data for control pups were obtained at 0.25 and 0.5 days postpartum for comparison with body, lung and thymus weights of pups that died during this interval. Fifty-four per cent of the exposed pups and 9% of the control pups died between birth and 3 days postpartum. Of the treated pups that died, 10% (6/5; pups/litters) had cleft palate, 27% (17/9) had small lungs and 33% (21/8) had both cleft palate and small lungs. No gross malformations were observed in the remaining 30% of the dead pups. Microscopic examination of lungs from HPS-treated pups revealed no evident histological abnormalities. Body, lung and thymus weights for treated animals that died were significantly less than those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lung development and postnatal survival for rats exposed in utero to a high-boiling coal liquid. 370 Sep 62

Histological diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in the anterior mediastinum is rarely possible using conventional radiological diagnoses; computer tomography in our opinion often makes this possible. Our experience is based on 47 tumours which have been investigated histologically. In the anterior upper or middle mediastinum there were thymic tumours (thymona, thymus hyperplasia or persistence of the thymus), retrosternal thyroids, malignant lymphomas, teratoid cysts, one seminoma and one aneurysm. In the anterior inferior mediastinum, we found pericardial cysts, lipomas and one Morgagni hernia. The computer tomographic features of these various lesions are described. Some tumours can be defined histologically by computer tomography alone, whereas others (e.g. solitary lymphoma, benign thymoma) make it necessary to consider the clinical features in addition. Computer tomography is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of persistence of the thymus, since standard radiography in two planes fails to show the lesion.
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PMID:[Computer tomographic characteristics of space-occupying processes in the anterior mediastinum and their differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. 645 67

Clarified slurry oil (CSO), syntower bottoms (STB), and distillate aromatic extract (DAE) are refinery streams produced by processing crude oil. Each of these refinery streams is rich in both hydrocarbons having carbon numbers of C20 or greater and polycyclic aromatic compounds. Available data indicate that some refinery streams are developmentally toxic (manifested primarily as increased embryolethality and growth retardation) by the dermal route of exposure. However, there is no conclusive evidence for their being teratogenic. The present studies were designed to further explore the suspected teratogenic potency of refinery streams while at the same time limiting embryolethality. To profile teratogenic effects as a function of gestation day, pregnant rats received a single oral dose (2000 mg/kg) of CSO, STB, or DAE on one of gestation days (GD) 11-14; DAE and STB were also administered on GD 15. To profile effects as a dose response function, rats received a single oral dose of CSO, DAE, or STB on GD 12 at 125, 500, and 2000 mg/kg. Control animals were similarly treated but were administered tap water. On GD 20, dams were necropsied and the fetuses evaluated for normal development. In general, evidence of maternal toxicity (i.e., decreased body weight gain, decreased thymus weight) was observed at doses greater than or equal to 500 mg/kg. For each refinery stream tested, the incidence of resorption was greatest on GD 11. A common pattern of fetal malformations was observed for all of the refinery streams tested and included cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, and paw and tail defects. The incidence and type of malformation observed were influenced by the gestation day of exposure. The incidences of external and skeletal malformations were greatest on GD 11 and 12 for fetuses exposed to CSO; on GD 13 and 14, the incidence of malformation was comparable for CSO- and STB-exposed fetuses. The incidence of visceral anomalies was greatest on GD 11-13 for fetuses exposed to CSO and STB; on Gestation D 14, the incidence was comparable for each of the refinery streams tested. In general, the ability to produce adverse effects on development was greatest for CSO and least for DAE. Effects produced by STB were comparable to or less severe than those observed for CSO.
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PMID:Developmental toxicity of clarified slurry oil, syntower bottoms, and distillate aromatic extract administered as a single oral dose to pregnant rats. 881 33

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is often associated with other malformations. This study tests the hypothesis that the heart and great vessels, thymus, parathyroids, and thyroid might be abnormal in the rat model of CDH as a result of disturbed neural-crest development. Time-mated pregnant rats were fed either 100 mg 2-4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) or vehicle on gestational day 9.5. Diaphragm, lung, heart, and thymic malformations were sought after dissection and the parathyroids and thyroid were histologically investigated in term fetuses. Ten control fetuses had no malformations, whereas 22 of 32 nitrofen fetuses had CDH and 20 had cardiovascular defects like narrow pulmonary outflow tract (n = 7), aberrant right subclavian artery (n = 7), ventricular septal defect (n = 4), atrial septal defect (n = 4), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 2), double-outflow right ventricle (n = 2), right ductus arteriosus (n = 2), and others. The thymus was present but was significantly hypoplastic in all nitrofen fetuses and was ectopic or single-lobed in 28% of them while the parathyroid glands were unilaterally absent or ectopic in 50%. The thyroid was only minimally malformed or ectopic. In conclusion, malformations of structures derived from the pharyngeal arches are likely neural-crest related in rats exposed to nitrofen.
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PMID:Neural crest-derived defects in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 1140 65

A female infant with respiratory embarrassment due to external compression of the tracheobronchial tree by the thymus is presented. After successful intrauterine drainage of pleural effusions, she was born with a diaphragmatic hernia and Pierre Robin sequence, which required long-term mechanical ventilation and several surgical interventions, including tracheostomy, until she breathed spontaneously. At age 7 months, she was rehospitalized in respiratory failure because of pneumonia. At this time, thymus hyperplasia was first diagnosed, which had caused tracheobronchomalacia and displacement of the tracheobronchial tree. Weaning from the ventilator was unsuccessful for 8 weeks. She underwent thymectomy, following which impairment of breathing resolved immediately. Different manifestations of thymus enlargement and their relation to impaired breathing are discussed.
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PMID:Airway compression following thymus hyperplasia in an infant with Pierre Robin sequence and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 1174 52

A full-term newborn with karyotype 46, XX was delivered by cesarean section. She had severe respiratory distress and substernal retraction, and underwent emergency operation, but she died on the same day due to respiratory failure. The mother, 26-year-old prima gravida with no history of twinning, had been examined with ultrasonography at the 34th week of her pregnancy, which revealed a fetus with edema of head and neck region, a probable diaphragmatic hernia, polyhydramnios, and a large mediastinal mass with solid and multicystic parts with hypoplasia of the lungs. Autopsy revealed a 9 x 5 x 3 cm lobulated mediastinal mass with both solid and cystic areas, displacing the lungs and the heart postero-inferiorly and thymus anteriorly. The lungs were hypoplasic. Microscopically, the mass showed mature epithelial and mesenchymal tissues with primitive mesenchyme and immature neuroepithelium. All these findings led to the diagnosis of an immature teratoma. Mediastinal teratomas are rare and life-threatening, but early diagnosis and surgical intervention in a newborn with sufficient lung maturation may provide a long survival.
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PMID:Congenital mediastinal immature teratoma: a case report with autopsy findings. 1185 87

Vitamin A (vit A) alleviates the effects of nitrofen in exposed rat pups. The present study examines the effects of early exposure to vitamin A on the neural-crest-related cardiovascular, thymic, parathyroid, and thyroid malformations previously reported in the rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Pregnant rats were exposed on gestational day 9.5 to 100 mg 2-4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) alone or followed by 15,000 IU vit A. Controls were treated only with oil or oil + vit A. The fetuses were recovered near term and diaphragmatic, lung, heart, and thymic malformations were sought after dissection. The parathyroids and thyroid were histologically investigated. The hearts were also examined for protein, DNA, and proportion of proliferating cells. None of the control fetuses had malformations, whereas 41% of nitrofen and 27% of nitrofen + vit A fetuses had CDH. Anomalies of the heart outflow tract and pharyngeal arteries were seen in 64% and 43%, respectively, in both groups. Heart and thymic hypoplasia, which were severe in the nitrofen group with significant decreases of total DNA and percent proliferating cells, were significantly improved in the nitrofen + vit A group. The hypoplastic thymus was malformed in 53% and 27% of fetuses, respectively, and the parathyroids were abnormal in 48% and 35%, respectively. Only minimal anomalies of the thyroid were found. The significant improvement of heart and thymic hypoplasia associated with vit A was not seen for the other variables studied, but there was a trend in this direction for all of them. Vit A definitely improved heart hypoplasia induced by nitrofen by stimulating myogenesis. It also improved thymic hypoplasia, but had limited beneficial effects on malformations of the cardiac outflow tract and pharyngeal derivatives that accompany CDH in rats exposed to nitrofen.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin A on malformations of neural-crest-controlled organs induced by nitrofen in rats. 1247 74

The association of 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare, but has been previously described with and without other congenital anomalies. Literature review identified five cases of 46,XY DSD associated with CDH and other congenital anomalies. These five cases share characteristics including CDH, 46,XY karyotype with external female appearing or ambiguous genitalia, cardiac anomalies, and decreased life span. The present case had novel features including truncus arteriosus, bifid thymus, gut malrotation, and limb anomalies consisting of rhizomelia and adactyly. With this case report, we present a review of the literature of cases of 46,XY DSD and CDH in association with multiple congenital abnormalities. This case may represent a unique syndrome of 46,XY DSD and diaphragmatic hernia or a more severe presentation of a syndrome represented in the previously reported cases.
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PMID:46,XY disorders of sex development and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a case with dysmorphic facies, truncus arteriosus, bifid thymus, gut malrotation, rhizomelia, and adactyly. 2589 14

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common major congenital anomalies. The presence of a hernia sac is associated with additional benefits in terms of improved neonatal survival. Here, we report a case of CDH with a hernia sac detected via postnatal ultrasonography. Our literature search did not find other cases where CDH with hernia sac was found by postnatal ultrasound in neonates. In prenatal imaging, the diagnosis of CDH with a hernia sac is challenging. In our case, the meniscus of the thymus was clearly noted, and smooth convexity between the hernia contents and thymus was detected. Although evaluation of the presence of a hernia sac with postnatal ultrasonography might be difficult, our findings suggest that a hernia sac could be evaluated with postnatal ultrasonography.
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PMID:Postnatal ultrasonography for evaluation of hernia sac of neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 3097 68