Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HIV is efficiently transmitted through transfusion with HIV-infected blood. Accordingly, 203 multitransfused children with thalassemia attending the thalassemia clinic of the Charak Palika Hospital in New Delhi were screened for antibodies to HIV using ELISA and Western blot tests. 8.37% of the sample tested HIV-seropositive (HIV+). These 17 children were joined by 3 others referred from a neighboring state to constitute a group to be matched against 20 HIV-children for the purpose of comparing psychosocial aspects. The control group was matched for age, sex, educational level, and socioeconomic status with mean age 10.8 years ranging over 1-16 years. 4 members of the HIV+ sample were diagnoses as having clinical AIDS according to WHO criteria. The remaining 14 boys and 2 girls were HIV+, but asymptomatic. 25% were of lower class, 63.5% middle class, and 12.5% upper class. Of those with AIDS, 50% were diagnosed in their first year of life and 82% were diagnosed by year 3. Symptoms generally developed after 4-6 months of life. Lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly tend to be visible at birth, while chronic diarrhea, prolonged fever, oral thrush, recurrent bacterial infections, and hepatosplenomegaly may also be presented. 7.1% of cases aged 2-3 years exhibited rocking and head banging problems worse than did control subjects. Furthermore, 28.5% had temper tantrums and 21.5% ground teeth. These children may have delayed developmental milestones as well as behavioral problems. The small sample size, however, precludes concluding that psychosocial differences exist between those with HIV/AIDS and those with thalassemia major. In fact, behavioral problems in these children were due to child illness and not of HIV-positivity, for children tend to be unaware of HIV/AIDS infections and its consequences. The author recommends that HIV+ children continue to attend school unless they can not control bodily secretions, have uncoverable oozing lesions, have unacceptable behaviors, or if there is extreme possibility of contracting infectious diseases at school. The author also stresses parents' and families' need for long-term medical and psychological care.
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PMID:Psycho-social aspects of HIV infection and AIDS in multiple transfused thalassemic children. 145 60

Twenty-one bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients were studied prospectively to determine the prevalence of sonographic hepatobiliary abnormalities and to determine if these abnormalities were associated with hepatic venocclusive disease (VOD). Baseline US was performed in all patients prior to chemoradiation therapy, with follow-up ultrasound (US) examinations at the time of BMT and 14 days and 28 days after BMT. Sonograms were reviewed for the presence of ascites, gallbladder wall thickening, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatofugal flow, hepatic vein compression, increased periportal echogenicity, and increased hepatic echotexture. The baseline scans showed 13 of 21 patients (62%) with abnormalities prior to BMT. Within 2 weeks after BMT, serial US showed interval development of hepatomegaly in five patients (three with VOD and two without), gallbladder wall thickening in one (with VOD), hepatic vein compression in two (both with VOD), hepatofugal flow in one (without VOD), and ascites in one (with VOD). US scans obtained 4 weeks after BMT in 15 of the 21 patients showed even fewer new abnormalities. No sonographic finding was strongly associated with VOD.
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PMID:Venocclusive disease of the liver: prospective study of US evaluation. 150 50

One-hundred-and-fifty-seven children admitted with brucellosis at Abha, Saudi Arabia, were studied prospectively. Ninety-two per cent gave a history of animal contact, usually with sheep or goats, or ingesting raw milk, milk products, or raw liver. Three-quarters of the patients had an acute or subacute presentation with diverse symptomatology: fever (100 per cent), malaise (91 per cent), anorexia (68 per cent), cough (20 per cent), abdominal symptoms (20 per cent), arthralgia (25 per cent). Hepatomegaly (31 per cent), splenomegaly (55 per cent), and lymphadenopathy (18 per cent) were common findings. Organ complications were rare except for arthritis (36 per cent) which usually presented as a peripheral oligoarthritis involving the hips and knees. All patients had significant agglutination titres; B. melitensis was grown from the blood in 7 of 16 (44 per cent) patients. Haematological variations were common, but non-specific: anaemia (64 per cent), thrombocytopenia (28 per cent), leucopenia (38 per cent), leucocytosis (12 per cent), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (81 per cent). Varying combinations of rifampicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin resulted in a prompt pyrexial response (mean: 3.8 days), and a slower response in the arthropathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Relapses were related to poor compliance, use of a single drug or a shorter duration of chemotherapy. Brucellosis is a common childhood problem in southwestern Saudi Arabia as in other parts of the country and the Middle East. It should be considered in every child from an endemic area presenting with a febrile illness and a history of animal contact.
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PMID:Childhood brucellosis in southwestern Saudi Arabia: a 5-year experience. 152 11

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an HTLV-I associated lymphoid malignancy frequently seen in Japan. Abdominal involvement in 40 patients with ATLL were assessed by ultrasonography and the findings seen in four clinical types, acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering, were compared. Splenomegaly was frequently found in the cases of acute and lymphoma types, and the sizes of the spleens measured by ultrasonography correlated well with the disease activity. Hepatomegaly was also found more frequently in acute and lymphoma types, and hepatosplenomegaly was proved to be due to the infiltration by ATL cells. Nodular lesions in spleen and liver and abdominal lymph node swelling were also found frequently in the lymphoma type but rarely in the other types. Ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion were found in the active stage of acute and lymphoma types. Ultransonography also could detect findings associated with therapies. Thus, ultrasonography studies were found to be very useful for assessing the clinical classification, examining various pathological conditions associated with ATLL, and monitoring the disease activity.
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PMID:Assessment of abdominal involvement of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma by ultrasonography: comparison among four clinical types. 165 79

The relationship between intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection and the degree of related morbidity was suspected to differ locally within the Machakos district of Kenya. To test this possibility, prevalences of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly among 1483 school children were compared between 2 areas, Kangundo and Kambu, within this district. These areas, which were similar in many geographical and economic respects and populated by the same tribe (Akamba), had comparable levels of S. mansoni infection and no S. haematobium infection. A relationship was observed between the prevalence of hepatomegaly and intensity of S. mansoni infection, which showed no consistent difference between the 2 areas. In contrast, a relationship between the prevalence of splenomegaly and intensity of S. mansoni infection was observed only in the Kambu schools, and not in the Kangundo schools where the overall prevalence of splenomegaly was much lower. It was possible that part of the splenomegaly observed in Kambu was due to malaria. However, the observation that malaria and schistosomiasis in 2 Kambu schools were not positively correlated allowed approximations to be made of the relative contributions of each to the prevalence of splenomegaly. It was concluded that, in a school close to the river that formed the main transmission site of S. mansoni, schistosomiasis-related hepatosplenomegaly was present in at least 17% of children. The reason for the high prevalence in Kambu of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis remains uncertain, but it could include a synergistic interaction of schistosome infection with malaria.
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PMID:Differences in the rate of hepatosplenomegaly due to Schistosoma mansoni infection between two areas in Machakos District, Kenya. 175 56

A study of the characteristics of childhood thalassemia was conducted at the Sub Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital from June 1979 to May 1989. There were 131 cases, consisting of 75 (57.25%) boys and 56 (42.75%) girls with an average of 12 admission every year. The predominant age group was 0-2 years, and the youngest was 3 months old. Javanese ethnic group appeared predominant in 36 (63.15%) cases. Clinical symptoms of anemia were found in 112 (85.49%), hepatomegaly in 91 (69.46%), hepatosplenomegaly in 84 (64.12%), without enlargement of organ in 17 (12.97%), and icterus in 6 (4.58%). Hb-Electrophoresis was done in 42 cases, revealing 26 (61.90%) with thalassemia major, 15 (35.71%) Hb E thalassemia, and 1 (2.20%) Hb H thalassemia. Hb value at the first admission in 65 (49.62%) was less than 5 g/dl, in 63 (48.09%) it was 5-10 g/dl and in 3 (2.29%) more than 10 g/dl.
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PMID:The pattern of thalassemia in children at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. 178 Jan 65

Acne fulminans is a rare form of acne characterized by ulcerative nodules and associated with systemic complications. We report the case of a 17-year-old boy with cystic acne who experienced sudden onset of acne fulminans associated with fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and erythema nodosum migrans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acne fulminans manifested by hepatomegaly and erythema nodosum migrans.
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PMID:Acne fulminans with hepatosplenomegaly and erythema nodosum migrans. 182 16

The authors make a review of recent data in the literature and compare them to their own cases between 1983 and 1988. They analyzed eight patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis confirmed with bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac wrist with Jamshidi's needle. Most patients were between 55 and 60 years old (5 male and 3 female). Major symptoms were weakness and bleeding (6/8 cases), weight loss and bone distress (4/8 cases). In general, physical signs were splenomegaly and anemia (7/8 cases), hepatomegaly (5/8 cases), and jaundice (2/8 cases). Laboratory features were variable. Most cases were diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease. Therapy with busulfan, prednisone, oxymetholone and radiotherapy of the spleen was used alone or in combination to relieve compressive abdominal symptoms. This review shows that idiopathic myelofibrosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with hepatosplenomegaly and anemia.
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PMID:[Idiopathic myelofibrosis]. 188 77

Between October, 1985, and February, 1987, 28 (8.7%) cases of scrub and murine typhus were diagnosed among 320 children with greater than or equal to 1 week history of obscure fever. Scrub typhus is a rural disease and characterized by fever, tachypnea and hepatosplenomegaly. Skin rash was rare and eschar was absent. Four patients had pneumonia and two had meningitis. Murine typhus, more an urban disease, was milder and half the patients presented exclusively because of night fever. Slightly enlarged liver and skin rash were the only significant physical signs. Lacking the classical textbook presentations, both rickettsioses often were missed or diagnosed as enteric fever. Recognition is important because patients with either disease respond well to treatment with chloramphenicol or doxycycline.
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PMID:Scrub and murine typhus in children with obscure fever in the tropics. 204 66


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