Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zimmermann-Laband syndrome in a patient with severe mental retardation: The Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by gingival hyperplasia or fibromatosis, various skeletal anomalies including dysplasia of the distal phalanges of thumbs and halluces, vertebral defects, and hepatosplenomegaly. Thus far, 23 cases, including 11 patients from 2 families, have been reported. Most cases of ZLS have a normal intelligence although some cases are mildly retarded. Differential diagnosis includes other causes of gingival hyperplasia. We report on a patient with ZLS and severe mental retardation and review the literature. We conclude that severe mental retardation is a feature of the syndrome.
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PMID:Zimmermann-Laband syndrome in a patient with severe mental retardation. 877 19

Sialidase (neuraminidase, EC 3.2.1.18) catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal sialic acid residues of glyconjugates. Sialidase has been well studied in viruses and bacteria where it destroys the sialic acid-containing receptors at the surface of host cells, and mobilizes bacterial nutrients. In mammals, three types of sialidases, lysosomal, plasma membrane and cytosolic, have been described. For lysosomal sialidase in humans, the primary genetic deficiency results in an autosomal recessive disease, sialidosis, associated with tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of sialylated oligosaccharides and glycolipids. Sialidosis includes two main clinical variants: late-onset, sialidosis type I, characterized by bilateral macular cherry-red spots and myoclonus, and infantile-onset, sialidosis type II, characterized by skeletal dysplasia, mental retardation and hepatosplenomegaly. We report the identification of human lysosomal sialidase cDNA, its cloning, sequencing and expression. Examination of six sialidosis patients revealed three mutations, one frameshift insertion and two missense. We mapped the lysosomal sialidase gene to human chromosome 6 (6p21.3), which is consistent with the previous chromosomal assignment of this gene in proximity to the HLA locus.
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PMID:Cloning, expression and chromosomal mapping of human lysosomal sialidase and characterization of mutations in sialidosis. 905 50

This study is presented to highlight a rare pediatric bone marrow pathology in which features of bone marrow dysplasia coexist with severe fibrosis in a clinical setting of fever, anemia, and organomegaly. Fourteen children (nine males, five females) clinically presented with fever, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Extensive bone marrow fibrosis with dysplastic features was seen in their marrow precursor cells. Peripheral blood smears showed teardrop poikilocytes thrombocytopenia, and occasional blasts. In conclusion, pediatric hyperfibrotic myelodysplasia is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Myeloproliferative and dysmyelopoietic syndromes are complex disorders that are interrelated and not always easily diagnosed only on morphologic grounds.
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PMID:Pediatric hyperfibrotic myelodysplasia: an unusual clinicopathologic entity. 908 41

Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the genetic deficiency of lysosomal sialidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sialoglycoconjugates. The disease is associated with progressive impaired vision, macular cherry-red spots and myoclonus (sialidosis type I) or with skeletal dysplasia, Hurler-like phenotype, dysostosis multiplex, mental retardation and hepatosplenomegaly (sialidosis type II). We have analyzed the genomic DNA from nine sialidosis patients of multiple ethnic origin in order to find mutations responsible for the enzyme deficiency. The activity of the identified variants was studied by transgenic expression. One patient had a frameshift mutation (G623delG deletion), which introduced a stop codon, truncating 113 amino acids. All others had missense mutations: G679G-->A (Gly227Arg), C893C-->T (Ala298Val), G203G-->T (Gly68Val), A544A-->G (Ser182Gly) C808C-->T (Leu270Phe) and G982G-->A (Gly328Ser). We have modeled the three-dimensional structure of sialidase based on the atomic coordinates of the homologous bacterial sialidases, located the positions of mutations and estimated their potential effect. This analysis showed that five mutations are clustered in one region on the surface of the sialidase molecule. These mutations dramatically reduce the enzyme activity and cause a rapid intralysosomal degradation of the expressed protein. We hypothesize that this region may be involved in the interface of sialidase binding with lysosomal cathepsin A and/or beta-galactosidase in their high-molecular-weight complex required for the expression of sialidase activity in the lysosome.
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PMID:Characterization of the sialidase molecular defects in sialidosis patients suggests the structural organization of the lysosomal multienzyme complex. 1076 32

Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the genetic deficiency of lysosomal sialidase, which catalyzes the catabolism of sialoglycoconjugates. The disease is associated with progressive impaired vision, macular cherry-red spots, and myoclonus (sialidosis type I) or with skeletal dysplasia, Hurler-like phenotype, dysostosis multiplex, mental retardation, and hepatosplenomegaly (sialidosis type II). We analyzed the effect of the missense mutations G68V, S182G, G227R, F260Y, L270F, A298V, G328S, and L363P, which are identified in the sialidosis type I and sialidosis type II patients, on the activity, stability, and intracellular distribution of sialidase. We found that three mutations, F260Y, L270F, and A298V, which are clustered in the same region on the surface of the sialidase molecule, dramatically reduced the enzyme activity and caused a rapid intralysosomal degradation of the expressed protein. We suggested that this region might be involved in sialidase binding with lysosomal cathepsin A and/or beta-galactosidase in the multienzyme lysosomal complex required for the expression of sialidase activity. Transgenic expression of mutants followed by density gradient centrifugation of cellular extracts confirmed this hypothesis and showed that sialidase deficiency in some sialidosis patients results from disruption of the lysosomal multienzyme complex.
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PMID:Mutations in sialidosis impair sialidase binding to the lysosomal multienzyme complex. 1127 74

We experienced the case of an 82-year-old man with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) with dysplastic features in the granulocytic lineage which subsequently progressed to acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with myelofibrosis. The patient had hepatosplenomegaly, but there was no evident cause of neutrophilic leukocytosis. The cytogenetic study showed that he had a normal karyotype. Concentrations of the serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were not detectable. Two years after the diagnosis of CNL, blastic transformation to AML occurred with myelofibrosis and significant morphological abnormalities in neutrophils. The blasts were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD33, CD34, and HLA-DR, and the presence of dysplasia within the granulocytic lineage suggested that he had an abnormality at the level of the granulocyte-committed progenitors. Heterogeneous origins of CNL might lead to various clinicopathological features in each case.
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PMID:Evolution to acute myeloblastic leukemia from chronic neutrophilic leukemia with dysplastic features in granulocytic lineage. 1127 13

POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, skin disorders) is a rare multisystemic disease associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. A 68-year-old woman with chronic renal insufficiency and arterial hypertension included in her medical history was admitted to the hospital with confusion, somnolence and asthenia. She presented ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, leg oedema, distal dysesthesias, leuconychia and multiple nodular purple red angiomas on the trunk, upper limbs and fingers. Hypothyroidism was revealed in the laboratory investigations and monoclonal IgG peak in immunoelectrophoresis. Electromyography showed both demyelinisating and axonal degenerative neuropathy. The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was based on the dermatopathological examination of a cutaneous angioma; histology revealed features of glomeruloid angioma, a specific marker of this syndrome.
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PMID:POEMS syndrome revealed by multiple glomeruloid angiomas. 1207 35

This article reports a 7-year-old female with septo-optic dysplasia and congenital hepatic fibrosis. She manifested nystagmus and severe hepatosplenomegaly. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed agenesis of the septum pellucidum, optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland stalk hypoplasia, and absence of the posterior pituitary gland. She was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, and adrenal insufficiency. Thus, this case was regarded as septo-optic dysplasia. No mutation was evident in the coding and boundary regions of the homeobox gene HESX1. Percutaneous biopsy of the liver demonstrated the presence of broad septa of fibrous tissue containing abundant bile ducts without inflammatory cell infiltrates, a finding compatible with congenital hepatic fibrosis. Although there is an association between septo-optic dysplasia and neonatal cholestasis, believed to be related to hypopituitarism, this case of septo-optic dysplasia with congenital hepatic fibrosis is apparently the first reported in the English literature.
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PMID:Septo-optic dysplasia with congenital hepatic fibrosis. 1458 Jun 61

Erythroleukemia is an uncommon disorder in children. Four cases of pediatric erythroleukemia, diagnosed over a period of nine years are presented. The patients presented with pallor, fever and hepatosplenomegaly of recent onset. Peripheral smear examination showed anemia, thrombocytopenia and circulating blasts. The bone marrow displayed erythroid hyperplasia with dysplasia and PAS positive erythroblasts. Myeloid blasts were myeloperoxidase positive and one case showed positivity for non specific esterase, indicating monocytoid differentiation, a poor prognostic feature. Prognosis was poor and follow up period was short.
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PMID:Erythroleukemia: a clinco-hematological review of four cases. 1523 64

Primary MDS is a group of heterogenous clonal haematopoetic disorders. In a third of patients MDS terminates as acute myeloid leukaemia, usually resisitant to treatment, while the others succumb due to infections and haemorrhage. Conservative managements of MDS (chemotherapy, haematopoetic growth factors, modulation of cytokine network) are unsuccessful, while the bone marrow transplantation is the only definite treatment. We reviewed clinical and haematological presentations, frequency of dysplastic features, histological and cytogenetic findings in 29 children with primary MDS. Indications for haematological evaluation in our patients were symptoms and signs of isolated or combined cytopenias, fever of unknown origin and frequent infections. Hepatosplenomegaly was found in 19 (65%) patients, while this pattern was found in 10% of adult patients. Normochromic anaemia was found in 25 (86%) patients and thrombocytopenia in 23 (76%). Patients presenting pancytopenia had the lowest probability of survival. Degree of dysplasia, histology and kariotype of bone marrow had no influence on survival rates. Prognostic factors in paediatric MDS are of limited significance, as MDS in children is an absolute indication for bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Primary myelodysplastic syndrome in children]. 1563 84


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