Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

A 10-year-old girl was admitted with fever, cough, maculopapular rash, hemoptysis, dark-colored urine, edema, multiple lymphadenopathies, and hepatosplenomegaly. She developed acute glomerulonephritis during the course of these complex clinical features. Laboratory data showed hematuria, proteinuria, and hypocomplementemia. Serological tests showed positive human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19)-specific immunoglobin M (IgM) and HPVB19 DNA was detected in the patient's serum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Renal biopsy revealed acute endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (AEPGN) with coarse granular C3 depositions in a "starry sky pattern," which is more peculiar to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Electron microscopy showed subendothelial and small hump-shaped subepithelial electron-dense deposits in glomerular capillary walls. There was no evidence of either any mycobacterial, staphylococcal, or streptococcal infection, and the diagnosis of Goodpasture syndrome and connective tissue disorders was excluded during clinical and laboratory investigations. A diagnosis of HPVB19-induced pleuropneumonitis and glomerulonephritis was made. Through a literature search there was no documented pediatric case of AEPGN induced by HPVB19, and this case represents, to our knowledge, the first time that a direct relationship between parvovirus infection and AEPGN has been demonstrated in a child.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19-induced multisystemic vasculitis and acute endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis in a child. 2044 92

Although acute glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, it has not been reported in connection with Plasmodium vivax. We report a case of complicated P. vivax malaria presenting as acute glomerulonephritis. A three-year-old boy presented with high grade fever, a seven-day history of the progressive swelling of his body and a one-day history of vomiting. An examination revealed hypertension (>95th percentile), pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations showed a platelet count 80,000/mm(3) with haematuria [20-30 red blood cells/high power field with more than 80% dysmorphic red blood cells]. A peripheral smear showed the presence of trophozoites of P. vivax. The patient was diagnosed as having P. vivax causing acute glomerulonephritis and was treated successfully with antimalarials and enalapril. With the changing epidemiological pattern of malaria, especially in endemic areas, unusual complications such as acute glomerulonephritis may sometimes present in cases of P. vivax malaria.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax presenting as acute glomerulonephritis in a 3-year-old child. 2229 Jan 13