Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Louse-borne relapsing fever seems to have become endemic in the southern Sudan. The epidemic history of the disease in the Sudan is reviewed. We have studied 363 Sudanese patients involved in an outbreak of louse-borne relapsing fever in Khartoum (Sudan) between January and June 1974. 318 of the 363 patients were new immigrants from the soughern Sudan to Khartoum. The clinical presentation varied. The common clinical fetures of the disease were: fever (94%), headache (85%), hepatosplenomegaly (74%), body and joint pains (66%), abdominal pain and tenderness (63%), jaundice (46%) and epistaxis (40%). Thrombocytopenia was common. Biochemical evidence of hepatocellular and renal damage was present in most patients. The mortality rate was 5-5% with treatment. Post-mortem examination was performed on six cases. The organs predominantly involved were the liver, spleen, brain and lungs. The common causes of death were severe hepatic damage, lobar pneumonia, subarachnoid haemorrhage and splenic rupture.
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PMID:Louse-borne relapsing fever: I. A clinical and laboratory study of 363 cases in the Sudan. 87 Oct 32

Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is an acute febrile illness endemic Ethiopia. To date reports of childhood LBRF are few. The demographic, social and clinical features of eighty children with LBRF admitted to Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital, Addis Abeba between 1989 and 1991 is presented. The mean age of patients was 8.8 years (range 4 months to 15 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Seventy-seven (97%) patients came from Addis Abeba. They came from poor families living in overcrowded homes. Fever, headache, right upper quadrant pain, chills and rigors were common symptoms. Fever and hepatosplenomegaly were common signs. Three drug regimens were used in the treatment of patients. A combination of penicillin and tetracycline, chloramphenicol alone and erythromycin alone, all given for 3 days. There was only one death. The literature on LBRF in adults is reviewed and the results are compared (1).
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PMID:Relapsing fever in children--demographic, social and clinical features. 145 20

Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is an epidemic disease with a fascinating history from Hippocrates' times, through the 6th century 'Yellow Plague', to epidemics in Ireland, Scotland and England in the 19th century and two large Afro-Middle Eastern pandemics in the 20th century. An endemic focus persists in Ethiopia and adjacent territories in the Horn of Africa. Since 2015, awareness of LBRF in Europe, as a re-emerging disease, has been increased dramatically by the discovery of this infection in dozens of refugees arriving from Africa.The causative spirochaete, Borrelia recurrentis, has a genome so similar to B. duttonii and B. crocidurae (causes of East and West African tick-borne relapsing fever), that they are now regarded as merely ecotypes of a single genomospecies. Transmission is confined to the human body louse Pediculus humanus corporis, and, perhaps, the head louse P. humanus capitis, although the latter has not been proved. Infection is by inoculation of louse coelomic fluid or faeces by scratching. Nosocomial infections are possible from contamination by infected blood. Between blood meals, body lice live in clothing until the host's body temperature rises or falls, when they seek a new abode.The most distinctive feature of LBRF, the relapse phenomenon, is attributable to antigenic variation of borrelial outer-membrane lipoprotein. High fever, rigors, headache, pain and prostration start abruptly, 2-18 days after infection. Petechial rash, epistaxis, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and liver dysfunction are common. Severe features include hyperpyrexia, shock, myocarditis causing acute pulmonary oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral or gastrointestinal bleeding, ruptured spleen, hepatic failure, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (J-HR) and opportunistic typhoid or other complicating bacterial infections. Pregnant women are at high risk of aborting and perinatal mortality is high.Rapid diagnosis is by microscopy of blood films, but polymerase chain reaction is used increasingly for species diagnosis. Severe falciparum malaria and leptospirosis are urgent differential diagnoses in residents and travellers from appropriate geographical regions.High untreated case-fatality, exceeding 40% in some historic epidemics, can be reduced to less than 5% by antibiotic treatment, but elimination of spirochaetaemia is often accompanied by a severe J-HR.Epidemics are controlled by sterilising clothing to eliminate lice, using pediculicides and by improving personal hygiene.
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PMID:Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection). 3086 50