Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of 43-year-old homosexual patient with HIV infection and a history of travel to the Far East in whom visceral leishmaniasis was the first infectious complication. Symptoms were fever, malaise, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy, and oral thrush. Laboratory abnormalities included a slight elevation of liver enzymes, impairment of liver function tests, leukocytopenia, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and markedly depressed CD4(+)-cell counts. Despite initially successful treatment with pentavalent antimony, a relapse of leishmaniasis occurred after 7 months. Eradication of the infection was not achieved. Treatment was continued as a palliative chronic suppressive treatment with fortnightly pentamidine infusions. The clinical course was complicated by legionella pneumonia and the development of rapidly progressing Kaposi's sarcoma. The case is presented in detail, and the influence of HIV infection on the course of leishmaniasis is discussed.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected patient: clinical features and response to treatment. 166 24

Abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were performed in one patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and biopsy-proven hepatosplenic Kaposi's sarcoma. Small hyperechoic nodules were seen in the liver and spleen at US. CT revealed hepatosplenomegaly and low-attenuation focal lesions in the liver. These findings, although nonspecific, are suggestive of hepatosplenic involvement in Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Hepatosplenic AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 193 79

A 44-yr-old homosexual male with symptomatic human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection presented with abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and rising serum alkaline phosphatase. Laparoscopy revealed multiple purplish nodules on the surface of the liver. Histopathology of the lesions was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma. Six weeks later, cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma became apparent on the head and neck. This case is unusual because, in all previously published cases, with the exception of one, intrahepatic Kaposi's sarcoma was found on autopsy. Moreover, all patients had evidence of extrahepatic Kaposi's sarcoma prior to the documentation of liver involvement.
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PMID:Hepatic involvement as the primary manifestation of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 281 78

The liver-spleen scintigrams of eight patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed to characterize the abnormal findings and to assess the diagnostic utility of scintigraphy in evaluating these patients for hepatic and splenic disease. Hepatosplenomegaly was present on the scintigrams of six patients. Additional findings included a solitary hepatic defect in a patient with Kaposi sarcoma and liver metastasis, multiple hepatic defects in a patient with multiple hemangiomas, decreased splenic activity in a patient with lymphoma, and markedly diminished splenic activity in a patient with thrombocytopenic purpura. Hepatosplenomegaly is the most common abnormal scintigraphic finding in AIDS patients. However, the presence of other hepatic or splenic parenchymal scintigraphic abnormalities suggests an underlying secondary pathologic process. Liver-spleen scintigraphy can be a reliable and valid adjunct to the diagnosis of occult hepatic or splenic disease in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Liver-spleen scintigraphy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 387 22

Fourteen infants with clinical and laboratory features of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were identified in a single metropolitan area from November 1980 to July 1983. Patients were predominantly of Haitian parentage, although two cases occurred in offspring of non-Haitian intravenous drug abusers. Only one patient had received a blood transfusion before the development of clinical findings. The predominant clinical findings included failure to thrive, persistent infection of the oral mucosa by Candida albicans, chronic pulmonary infiltrates, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and diarrhea. Immunologic studies showed most of the infants to have inverted ratios of T-cell subsets, greatly increased immunoglobulin levels, and circulating immune complexes. Lymphopenia was not common, as it is in adult patients. Infectious agents responsible for opportunistic infections in this series included Pneumocystis carinii, herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus, and C. albicans. Bacterial infections were common, and gram-negative sepsis was the major cause of death in the seven infants who have died. At autopsy, two infants had disseminated lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma. These observations suggest the likelihood of transplacental, perinatal, or postnatal transmission of an as yet unidentified infectious agent that causes this disease.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants. 660 81

C57/BL/6 mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV virus developed an AIDS-like disease (MAIDS) with splenomegaly, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, decreased numbers of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells and decreased production of interferon alpha. We have shown previously that HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma tissue contains high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PgE2), and this inhibits interferon synthesis through a cAMP-dependent second-messenger process. In this study we treated groups of MAIDS-infected mice with combinations of pentoxifylline, an agent which increases cAMP and inhibits phosphodiesterases, and sodium meclofenamic acid, a PgE2 inhibitor. Treated mice showed: 1) significantly higher total leukocyte and platelet counts, 2) higher total L3T4+ (helper/inducer) and Lyt-2+ (suppressor-cytotoxic) T-cell population. Pathologic examination also showed significantly less hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in animals treated with pentoxifylline and meclofenamic acid. Partly, PgE2-induced suppression of interferon alpha production may mediate expression of retrovirus infection in this murine model of AIDS.
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PMID:Pentoxifylline and meclofenamic acid treatment reduces clinical manifestations in a murine model of AIDS. 830 44

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) is a herpesvirus linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and a proportion of Castleman's disease. KSHV encodes viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6), which is structurally homologous to human and murine IL-6. The biological activities of vIL-6 are largely unknown. To gain insight into the biology of vIL-6, we expressed vIL-6 in murine fibroblasts NIH3T3 cells and inoculated stable vIL-6-producing clones into athymic mice. vIL-6 was detected selectively in the blood of mice injected with vIL-6-expressing clones. Compared with controls, vIL-6-positive mice displayed increased hematopoiesis in the myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages; plasmacytosis in spleen and lymph nodes; hepatosplenomegaly; and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. vIL-6-expressing NIH3T3 cells gave rise to tumors more rapidly than did control cells, and vIL-6-positive tumors were more vascularized than controls. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected at higher levels in the culture supernatant of vIL-6-expressing cells compared with controls, and immunohistochemical staining detected VEGF in spleen, lymph nodes, and tumor tissues from mice bearing vIL-6-producing tumors but not control tumors. Thus, vIL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that promotes hematopoiesis, plasmacytosis, and angiogenesis. Through these functions, vIL-6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain KSHV-associated disorders.
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PMID:Angiogenesis and hematopoiesis induced by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded interleukin-6. 1036 Oct 99

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which was originally detected in Kaposi's sarcoma, also has been found in primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) and some cases of multicentric Castleman's disease. We describe two transplant recipients who developed Kaposi's sarcoma and a spectrum of non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders that show pronounced plasmacytic and plasmacytoid features. The first patient had recurrent pleural effusions and Castleman's disease-like changes in lymph nodes. The second patient had systemic lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly secondary to diffuse infiltration by polyclonal plasma cells and plasmacytoid B lymphocytes that clinically mimicked Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. In both cases, KSHV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting, and KSHV vIL-6 protein expression was identified in affected tissues by immunohistochemical localization. In contrast, no evidence of KSHV coinfection was detected in any of 31 EBV-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders or 112 non-PEL lymphomas tested. The pathologic findings in these two patients were not representative of malignancy by morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular criteria. This study underscores the marked propensity for hematolymphoid proliferations associated with KSHV infections to show plasmacytic features. Additionally, this study describes use of an antibody reactive against KSHV vIL-6 that can readily detect a subpopulation of KSHV-infected hematopoietic cells.
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PMID:Posttransplantation plasmacytic proliferations related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. 1089 31

Human herpes virus, type 8, also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus, is associated with primary effusion lymphoma, an uncommon and unusual subset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas mostly confined to body cavities, which primarily affects human immunodeficiency virus-positive men. We report the case of a 40-year-old male with primary effusion lymphoma that presented initially with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, followed by pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, in a previously undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus patient. Cytomorphological studies disclosed a large-cell lymphoma with a population of cells demonstrating intermediate CD45 expression and partial coexpression of CD20 and CD23 markers, as well as universal expression of HLA-DR, CD71, CD38, and CD-30. Molecular studies showed clonal B-cell gene rearrangements and molecular evidence of human herpes virus, type 8. This case stresses the necessity, even in the absence of the 'classical clinical features,' of molecular testing for human herpes virus, type 8 in a subset of patients with high risk for human herpes virus, type 8-associated lymphomas.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of "extracavitary" primary effusion lymphoma in previously unknown HIV disease. 1110 Jun 30

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by systemic symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, proteinuria, and rash. The clinical course is variable and may range from indolent to aggressive, fulminating in a rapidly fatal illness. Mortality is usually from infective complications and less commonly from malignancies, such as lymphoma or Kaposi sarcoma. The association of concurrent or preceding Castleman disease with Kaposi sarcoma is well documented. Castleman disease developed in a 51-year-old patient with AIDS about 10 months after diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma. MCD was found to be associated with human herpesvirus 8/Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
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PMID:Castleman disease in an HIV-infected patient with Kaposi sarcoma. 1178 20


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