Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visceral leishmaniasis is a rare parasitosis in our country; in a 30 year period only exists the report of five cases, three in the state of Puebla and two in the state of Guerrero. Now it has been identified another two cases in the state of Chiapas. In these patients the common presentation of the disease were fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia and pancytopenia. The parasite can be found in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow macrophages. A definitive diagnosis depends on the demonstration of the parasite in tissue; spleen biopsy is the most useful because it is positive in 98% of the cases, in other tissues the amastigotes are seen in 50-80% of the cases. Negative PAS-stained smears maintains the diagnosis until another more specific method as electronic microscopy or culture is available. Pentavalent antimonial compounds are the drugs of choice and as an alternative or in case of failure amphotericin B can be used.
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PMID:[Kala-azar in Mexico: report of 2 cases]. 837 48

Visceral leishmaniasis was experimentally induced in hamsters by the intracardiac inoculation of 10(7) amastigotes of Leishmania leishmania infantum of canine origin. At postinoculation (PI) days 7, 21, 42, and 63, hamsters were euthanatized. Body weights and total parasite numbers of the liver and spleen were determined. Gross and histologic evaluations of tissues were done. Dogs also were inoculated IV with 10(8) amastigotes/kg of body weight. Samples were obtained from dogs prior to infection and at biweekly PI intervals for CBC and serum chemical analysis, for lymphocyte blastogenic assay by use of blood leukocytes, and for ELISA to determine antileishmanial antibody titers. At PI week 12, dogs were necropsied; organ weights, tissue imprints of the liver and spleen, and histologic interpretations of tissues were obtained. Hamsters developed high parasite numbers within 7 days after inoculation, at which time the total parasite numbers in the liver (3.51 x 10(7) amastigotes) was observed to be approximately 11 times that in the spleen (2.93 x 10(6)). The liver had the highest parasite numbers throughout the infection period. Some infected hamsters became either cachectic and emaciated or ascitic. Two of the 10 infected hamsters died at PI days 54 and 58. Moderate to severe hepatosplenomegaly with granulomatous inflammatory reactions characterized by the presence of varied numbers of parasitized macrophages, giant cells, and hepatic Schaumann bodies were observed in infected hamsters. Infected dogs developed significantly altered hematologic values consisting of mild anemia and moderate leukopenia at PI weeks 8 to 12. Hyperproteinemia characterized by hyperglobulinemia (4.5 g/dl) was noticed at PI week 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Determination of virulence and pathogenesis of a canine strain of Leishmania leishmania infantum in hamsters and dogs. 842 54

This is a case report of kala-azar with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Upon admission, the patient had fever, hepatosplenomegaly and an ulcer on her cheek. The patient responded to Pentostam. Isoenzyme studies of parasite isolates from the bone marrow and from the cutaneous lesion revealed that these were L. donovani and L. major, respectively. This is the first report in Iraq of a proven concomitant infection with two species of leishmania parasites.
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PMID:Concomitant natural infection with L. donovani and L. major: a case report from Iraq. 852 13

Visceral leishmaniasis is infrequently reported in renal transplant recipients. A 40-year-old renal transplant recipient developed hepatosplenomegaly and pyrexia of unknown origin 5 months after transplantation. Visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed on bone marrow examination. The usual dose of antiparasitic therapy with stibogluconate sodium failed to eradicate Leishmania donovani. High-dose conventional therapy with stibogluconate sodium for an extended period of time was successful in the treatment of a relapse of leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis in a renal transplant recipient: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. 873 93

Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, characterized by intermittent fever, monocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia. This morbid condition is rather difficult to diagnose correctly, especially at its early stage, because it is rarely encountered in Japan. Recently we treated a case of visceral leishmaniasis in which the patient was misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma, and went through splenectomy and steroid administration, which made the diagnosis more difficult.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma. 883 91

A 35-year-old man from Bangladesh, who had been in Malaysia for approximately a year, was extensively investigated for more than two months in a state hospital for pyrexia with hepatosplenomegaly. However, no obvious cause of his illness was found. He was treated with multiple antibiotics with no resolution of pyrexia and hepatosplenomegaly. He was later referred to the Haematology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for further assessment as a case of lymphoma. On carefully reviewing his bone marrow aspirate smears, the diagnosis of leishmaniasis (kala-azar) was finally made. The patient responded to treatment with pentamidine.
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PMID:A case of kala-azar diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration. 890 4

The case of an AIDS patient who developed pleuritis and peritonitis in the course of relapsing visceral leishmaniasis is reported. Visceral leishmaniasis, considered an opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who live in endemic areas, has a chronic relapsing course. Typical manifestations such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, or pancytopenia are not specific in advanced HIV infection. Atypical clinical presentations are becoming more frequent. This is believed to be the first report of peritoneal involvement by Leishmania in an AIDS patient.
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PMID:Pleural and peritoneal leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient. 913 31

In a prospective study, 80 cases of fever with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and leucopaenia coming from the hyperendemic zones for visceral leishmaniasis of North-Bihar, India were screened and subjected to bone marrow or splenic puncture for demonstration of Leishman-donovan bodies (LDB) and DIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST (DAT) with antigen prepared by Harith et al. 59 cases were confirmed for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) by demonstration of LDB in which DAT was also positive in different titres ranging from 1:1600 onwards. Out of 21 cases in which the bone marrow was negative for parasite, DAT was positive in 10 cases. 8 Out of 10 cases responded to WHO regimen of treatment with sodium stibogluconate (SSG). Remaining two cases who did not respond to this therapy became positive for parasites on subsequent splenic aspirate. They were treated with pentamidine isethionate and were cured. 11 out of 80 cases showing a titre of 1:400 or lower in DAT, 6 proved to be cases of enteric fever and 5 of malaria. Thus DAT using Harith's antigen was found to be 100% sensitive and specific in detection of early cases of Indian VL.
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PMID:Direct agglutination test for early diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. 925 70

The prevalence of anti-Leishmania donovani antibodies was investigated in 1,500 Brazilian blood donors and multiply transfused hemodialysis patients. Sera were tested using the fucose-mannose ligand (FML) ELISA, which was shown to have 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity for kala-azar. Among 1,194 volunteer blood donors, seroreactivity was 9%, increasing to 25% in a periurban kala-azar focus. However, higher positivity (37%) was found in multiply transfused hemodialysis patients from Natal, where kala-azar is constantly present in low numbers (endemic), with sporadic outbreaks in localized regions (endemic and epidemic). Risk factors included blood transfusion, which was significantly associated with the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies (chi2 = 8.567, P < 0.005), but did not include potential exposure to sandfly bites (chi2 = 0.033, P > 0.1). The prevalence significantly decreased to 7% in hemodialysis patients from Rio de Janeiro, where kala-azar is only occasionally seen, and was 0% in patients undergoing continuous ambulatorial peritoneal dialysis. The prospective analysis of 27 FML-seroreactive donors from Natal revealed amastigotes of Leishmania in the bone marrow of one subject while four had clinical complaints, including splenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. Our results point to the need for control of blood transfusion as a possible route for transmission of kala-azar in endemic areas.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-Leishmania donovani antibody among Brazilian blood donors and multiply transfused hemodialysis patients. 928 10

Visceral leishmaniasis (Indian kala-azar) caused by infection due to the protozoan Leishmania donovani is endemic in the Indian subcontinent and adjoining regions. Prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and pancytopenia, in the appropriate setting, are important clinical markers towards the diagnosis. Diagnosis is established by blood film or bone marrow examination for Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies and/or culture. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine isethionate or even amphotericin B is usually successful. We report the first case of culture-proven visceral leishmaniasis in Singapore, in a 30-year-old Bangladeshi worker who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). He had the classical constellation of symptoms and signs as mentioned above. Diagnosis was confirmed by culture on the Novy, NcNeal and Nicolle (NNN) medium. He was successfully treated with 20 days of pentamidine isethionate daily infusions at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:A case report of visceral leishmaniasis in Singapore. 949 84


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