Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report we summarize 5 cases of kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. All had fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and disseminated skin lesions on admission. Maculopapular, pustular, and maculonodular eruptions were present, located mainly on the face and extremities. Innumerable amastigotes were demonstrated in the bone marrow and in the skin biopsies. All patients responded to Glucantime therapy.
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PMID:Kala azar with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. 291 25

We report a case of mononuclear phagocyte system activation observed in a 12 month-old girl presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, high triglyceride and low fibrinogen blood levels. This syndrome was associated with visceral leishmaniasis. We conclude that systemic leishmaniasis is a curable cause of disorders characterized by an activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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PMID:[Syndrome of activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Initial manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis]. 336 3

Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas and leishmania parasites were found in the liver biopsy specimens of 3 patients with prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly. It was recognition of the leishmanias in the liver biopsy specimen that prompted the diagnosis in all cases. There was no evidence of Q fever, Hodgkin's disease, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, or allopurinol treatment, which are the recognized causes of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. This report extends the range of etiologies of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. As a result, leishmaniasis should always be a consideration to the pathologist and the clinician in the differential diagnosis of fibrin-ring granulomas.
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PMID:Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in visceral leishmaniasis. 341 Feb 27

Visceral leishmaniasis developed in eight owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) after intravenous inoculation with a Khartoum strain (WR378) of Leishmania donovani. Six monkeys died within 93 days, and two monkeys recovered from the disease. Clinically, signs were weight loss, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Hematologic findings included anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytosis. Analysis of serum or plasma revealed hyperbilirubinemia, azotemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and altered hemostasis. All monkeys developed positive antibody titers to promastigotes of L. donovani and had increases in immunoglobulins M and subsequently G. Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes were the principal organs containing numerous parasitized macrophages. The owl monkey was highly susceptible to L. donovani infection and should be a useful animal model for the study of visceral leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the owl monkey. 372 15

Further studies of the complement fixation test using homologous parasite antigen in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis have showed that 82% of individuals with proven visceral leishmaniasis were positive initially whilst 92% were positive at some stage during their illness. Titres fell slowly following effective treatment and anticomplementary activity, confined to confirmed visceral leishmaniasis, was usually lost during treatment. Individuals with alternative causes of hepatosplenomegaly from the same population were negative apart from those with a presumptive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis but without parasitological confirmation. Less than 1% of people in the same endemic area without visceral leishmaniasis were positive, suggesting that preliminary serodiagnostic investigation would limit the need for invasive investigation under field conditions.
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PMID:A complement fixation test for visceral leishmaniasis using homologous parasite antigen II. Results in an endemic area in Kenya. 652 93

Two infants who presented with anaemia and hepatosplenomegaly were found to have visceral leishmaniasis. Diagnosis was made immediately after bone marrow aspiration in one infant, but in the other there was considerable delay. Both responded well to a course of sodium stibogluconate.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis contracted in the Mediterranean area. 665 32

A 3-year-old male child with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, haemolysis, striking histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspiration and high titre of cold agglutinin is described. Cold agglutinins were defined as polyclonal IgM with anti-I specificity. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was made on the basis of typical Leishman-Donovan bodies found in the patient's bone marrow, high titre of anti-leishmania antibodies and excellent response to treatment. Visceral leishmaniasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases with histiocytosis. Cold agglutinin syndrome may contribute to the haemolytic process which exists in leishmania-donovani infection.
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PMID:Cold agglutinin syndrome and hemophagocytosis in systemic leishmaniasis. 671 46

The host-parasite relationship in human visceral leishmaniasis remains poorly understood. In the present study, pathophysiological and immunological changes were examined in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. These animals developed chronic infection with massive hepatosplenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia. In contrast to mice inoculated with 0.8 X 10(6) or 4 X 10(6) amastigotes, mice infected with 20 X 10(6) amastigotes failed to reduce liver parasite loads during 2 to 8 weeks of observation. At 8 weeks, liver size was increased by 26, 63, and 94%, respectively, in groups infected with 0.8 X 10(6), 4 X 10(6), or 20 X 10(6) amastigotes. Serum immunoglobulin G and M levels at 8 weeks in animals with the heaviest infection were increased by 53 and 80%, respectively, compared with controls. Specific antileishmanial antibodies were detected in the absence of antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity or in vitro lymphocyte responses. Infection did not suppress the in vivo responses of mice to the non-parasite-related antigens sperm whale myoglobin or pneumococcal polysaccharide. Splenic mononuclear cell responses to phytohemagglutinin were suppressed as early as 2 weeks, and by 8 weeks, mice infected with 0.8 X 10(6), 4 X 10(6), or 20 X 10(6) amastigotes had phytohemagglutinin responses which were, respectively, 27.7, 13.9, and 15.8% of controls. Decreased phytohemagglutinin responses could not be related to reductions in splenic T cells; however, splenic B cells and macrophages were increased at 8 weeks of infection. The course of L. donovani infection and disease in BALB/c mice resembles events occurring in humans and should prove useful in defining mechanisms of immune alterations in visceral leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Host-parasite relationship in murine leishmaniasis: pathophysiological and immunological changes. 715 67

Technique of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on cellulose acetate membrane (Cellogel) is described for diagnosis of (human and canine) visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Various lots of antigen were grossly obtained from the liquid phase (10, 20 and 30 tubes respectively) of cultures of Leishmania donovani by repeated freezing and thawing. Sera from patients (and, in a few cases, dogs) with confirmed VL, other parasitic and non-parastic diseases (especially blood disorders and hepatosplenomegaly) and from blood donors were tested. Positive results were obtained in 91-93% (according to various lots) of the patients with VL. All sera from infected dogs gave positive results. No precipitin lines were detected in the control sera. Antigens from 30 (or 20 tubes) showed better results with regard to the evidence of the precipitin lines. Clarity of the precipitin bands appears to be in relation to: 1. the protein concentration of the antigens; 2. the antibody levels of the sera. CIEP on cellulose acetate membrane combine the features of good sensitivity, specificity and speed of performance and appear available for use also in epidemiological research.
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PMID:[Further observations on the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on cellulose acetate membrane (Cellogel) in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. 724 99

The diagnosis and management of childhood visceral leishmaniasis were studied in 51 parasitologically proven cases from Abha, Saudi Arabia. Bone marrow aspiration was positive in 40 of 47 cases (85%). Splenic aspiration, though rarely used because of perceived dangers, was not associated with complications and revealed the parasite in all 12 cases in which it was used. There was prompt response to sodium stibogluconate, with defervescence in 93% and decrease of hepatosplenomegaly in 67% of patients within 1 week of commencing chemotherapy. A dose of 20 mg/kg/day for at least 3 weeks was generally safe and effective in achieving cure and preventing relapse. Two children with persistent massive splenomegaly after the first course responded to prolonged chemotherapy. Bronchopneumonia and severe cytopenia were common complications. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatitis were associated with a poor outcome. The four patients who died had a progressive course with multiple complications. Early detection and appropriate management of complications may help to reduce morbidity and mortality in childhood visceral leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Diagnostic and management problems in childhood visceral leishmaniasis in south-western Saudi Arabia. 751 38


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