Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019214 (hepatosplenomegaly)
 4,408 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial intraperitoneal passage in mice of a saline extract of the pooled livers, spleens, and kidneys of such animals has led to the demonstration after three or more passages of a transmissible agent causing hepatitis. The mice developed an illness after 3 to 4 weeks characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, and serous ascites. Spontaneous diuresis and recovery usually occurred during the subsequent 2 to 4 weeks. Histological studies of the livers showed diffuse mononuclear infiltrations, focal accumulations of mononuclear cells, perivascular mononuclear cuffing, dilated sinusoids, and occasionally focal areas of necrosis. Mice which have recovered from the disease showed no noteworthy resistance to it, and their sera failed to protect against the infectious agent. Attempts to infect rabbits, guinea pigs, monkeys, and embryonated hens' eggs yielded negative results, but young hamsters developed the disease in mild form.
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PMID:An infectious hepatitis of undetermined origin in mice. I. Description of the disease. 1327 75

The literature was reviewed to study cases of intoxication with systemic dermatitis associated with exposure to trichloroethylene. The average age of patients in the reports reviewed to date was twenty-nine; these diseases were found in relatively young persons and no difference was found according to gender. Many cases occurred within one month after the onset of exposure to trichloroethylene, and were accompanied by hepatitis, jaundice, hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly. Most of the patients had no history of drug abuse or herpes infection. The level of exposure to trichloroethylene was not recorded in many cases, but ranged from less than 9 ppm to 800 ppm. In the severest cases, the lesions involved mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva and oral cavity, and the patients were diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, but the etiology of the disease after trichloroethylene exposure remains unclear. Since several drugs have also been shown to cause systemic dermatitis with hepatitis, susceptibility factors are discussed. Many patients were found to have the slow acetylator genotype of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 2, suggesting that the NAT2 genotype is a susceptibility factor. This hypothesis may also be applicable to trichloroethylene because NAT is involved in the glutathione-mediated metabolism.
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PMID:Generalized skin reactions in relation to trichloroethylene exposure: a review from the viewpoint of drug-metabolizing enzymes. 1460 23

Cytomegalovirus infection is symptomatic in only 10% of cases. The most frequent findings are cholestasis and hepatosplenomegaly. Ten patients who presented neonatal cholestasis associated with cytomegalovirus infection were studied. The majority had elevation of serum aminotransferases and mild abnormality of hepatic function. The histopathologic findings were: normal, giant cell hepatitis, bile duct proliferation (confused with extrahepatic biliary atresia) and ductopenia. The clinical course of the patients varied from disappearance of the symptoms (2 cases) to death (2 cases). Because of the possibility of confusing the histologic findings with extrahepatic biliary atresia, the etiology of neonatal cholestasis, including cytomegalovirus infection, should be determined as soon as possible.
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PMID:[Neonatal cholestasis and cytomegalovirus infection: clinical and histopathologic forms]. 1468 49

We report a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. A 33-year-old woman was admitted because of APL. After complete remission was obtained with the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), intensive chemotherapy was administered. She developed high grade fever and severe systemic erythematous eruptions followed by cervical lymphoadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatitis and hypotension in a state of myelosuppression during consolidation chemotherapy. Systemic corticosteroids alleviated the symptoms. Since an anti-EB VCA IgM antibody titer was continuously positive, persistent infection of EBV was suspected. In this case, EBV infection may have contributed to the development of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.
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PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1496 84

We report a 22-year-old female who presented with pyrexia, pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. The patient showed mild liver dysfunction with low-grade fever and mild hepatosplenomegaly 6 years previously, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was diagnosed based on the examination of the laboratory data and liver biopsy. On admission, both markers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and in-situ hybridisation from a liver biopsy specimen indicated chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). The patient was administered an immunosuppressive agent and antiviral drug added to steroid therapy, but ultimately died from liver failure and virus-associated haemophagocytosis 10 months after the definite diagnosis. Retrospective examination of the serum at the diagnosis of AIH revealed extremely high titres of antibody to EBV, and EBV-DNA was also detectable by polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest the possibility that the patient may already have suffered from CAEBV at the initial diagnosis. We presume that hepatic involvement of CAEBV should be considered as differential diagnosis in cases showing liver dysfunction with clinical and biochemical features observed in AIH.
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PMID:Fatal chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection mimicking autoimmune hepatitis. 1507 99

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis involving organomegaly, portal fibrosis and portal hypertension has been observed in autopsy studies. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that hepatosplenic disease including organomegaly and markers of increased portal pressure can occur in school aged children in the absence of fibrosis. A case-only study of 96 children aged 7-20 years defined by ultrasound detectable hepatomegaly was undertaken in Makueni district, Kenya. A novel method of clinical examination that involved a consensus scoring by three or four examiners was used to classify children as presenting with severe or moderate hepatosplenic disease after palpation of livers and spleens. Ultrasound examination of livers and spleens was based on the Niamey protocol. Clinical measurements included spleen enlargement along the mid-clavicular and mid-axillary lines, liver enlargement along the mid-sternal (MSL) and mid-clavicular lines, as well as organ consistency. The clinical examination indicated that 9% and 60% of the children had severe or moderate hepatosplenomegaly, respectively. Amongst egg-positive children, all clinical measurements, except MSL liver enlargement, correlated with egg count, as did portal vein diameter, spleen length and liver length measured by ultrasound. Peri-portal fibrosis was not observed in any child, whereas 28% of the children were classified as having increased portal pressure according to World Health Organization criteria. There was no effect of malaria parasitaemia or hepatitis seropositvity on any of the observed parameters. These results indicate that hepatosplenic disease in school-aged children attributable to S. mansoni infection, involving hepatosplenomegaly and increased portal vein diameter, can occur in the absence of peri-portal fibrosis.
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PMID:Detailed clinical and ultrasound examination of children and adolescents in a Schistosoma mansoni endemic area in Kenya: hepatosplenic disease in the absence of portal fibrosis. 1507 64

Disseminated visceral coccidiosis (DVC) caused by Eimeria spp. was recognized as a disease entity in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and whooping cranes (Grus americana) in the late 1970s. While most avian species of Eimeria inhabit the intestinal tract of its host, the crane eimerians, Eimeria reichenowi and Eimeria gruis, invade and multiply systemically and complete their development in both digestive and respiratory tracts. In DVC, cranes, especially chicks, may succumb to acute infections resulting in hepatitis, bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, splenitis, and enteritis. Cranes may also develop chronic, subclinical infections characterized by granulomatous nodules in various organs and tissues. This paper reviews the pathology and pathogenicity of natural and experimental DVC in sandhill and whooping cranes. Naturally infected birds appeared clinically normal, but progressive weakness, emaciation, greenish diarrhea, and recumbency before death were observed in birds administered doses > or = 10 x 10(3) sporulated oocysts per os. At necropsy, naturally infected birds had nodules in the mucosa of the oral cavity and the esophagus, and in thoracic and abdominal viscera. Experimentally infected birds necropsied less than 7 days after infection (a.i.) had no gross lesions. Birds examined later had hepatosplenomegaly, liver mottling, lung congestion and consolidation with frothy fluid in airways, and turgid intestinal tracts with hyperemic mucosa. From 28 days a.i., grossly visible granulomatous nodules were seen in the esophagus, heart, liver, cloaca, and eyelids. By light microscopy, the basic host response was a granulomatous inflammation with non-suppurative vasculitis affecting many organs and tissues. With time, multifocal aggregates of mononuclear cells, many laden with asexual coccidial stages, increased in size and number. Widespread merogony resulted in morbidity and death, particularly in birds administered 20 x 10(3) sporulated oocysts. Ultrastructural examination revealed developing asexual coccidian stages in the cytoplasm of large lymphocytes or monocytes within a parasitophorous vacuole, often indenting the nucleus. Oocysts and gametocytes were found in the intestines by 12 days a.i., and in the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and lung by 14 days a.i., indicating that crane eimerians can complete their life cycle at these sites. Thus, DVC in cranes could be a useful animal model for the study of eimerian extra-intestinal stages and the evaluation of potential systemic anticoccidial drugs.
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PMID:Pathology and pathogenesis of disseminated visceral coccidiosis in cranes. 1522 53

We report here on a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which liver involvement was the predominant clinical manifestation. A healthy 44-year-old man presented with upper abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, elevated AST, ALT and bilirubin, and marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The abdominal CT scan showed only diffuse hepatosplenomegaly and uneven contrast enhancement of the spleen without any definite mass of the liver and spleen. US-guided aspiration biopsy of liver and the histologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the diffuse large B cell type. Bone marrow biopsy showed the infiltration of malignant lymphoma cells. PET-CT showed an increased FDG uptake of the liver, spleen and long bones. The patient was treated with combination regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone chemotherapy. Even in the absence of a mass lesion or lymphadenopathy, primary hepatic or hepatosplenic lymphoma should be considered in differential diagnosis of hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, especially for patients with diffuse hepatosplenomegaly and markedly elevated LDH.
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PMID:[A case of primary hepatic lymphoma mimicking hepatitis]. 1617 55

Leishmania amazonensis is widely recognised as a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Latin America, but it can also disseminate to produce atypical visceral leishmaniasis with hepatitis and lymphadenopathy. The patient, an 8-year-old Brazilian boy, presented with a febrile illness and hepatosplenomegaly, elevated liver enzymes and generalised adenopathy. Serological tests using antigens of L. chagasi, the typical cause of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America, were inconclusive. Leishmania amazonensis was eventually isolated in a culture of a lymph node. The patient recovered fully after treatment with meglumine antimoniate. As this case illustrates, L. amazonensis produces a spectrum of disease that includes atypical American visceral leishmaniasis with evidence of hepatocellular injury and generalised lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Atypical American visceral leishmaniasis caused by disseminated Leishmania amazonensis infection presenting with hepatitis and adenopathy. 1619 85

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as a clinical triad including liver disease, abnormal pulmonary gas exchange and evidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations. We report a 61-year-old male presented with fatigue, long-lasting fever, loss of weight, signs of portal hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestasis and progressive dyspnoea over the last year. Clinical, laboratory and histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis. HPS due to hepatic granuloma-induced portal hypertension was proved to be the cause of severe hypoxemia of the patient as confirmed by contrast-enhanced echocardiography. Reversion of HPS after corticosteroid therapy was confirmed by a new contrast-enhanced echocardiography along with the normalization of cholestatic enzymes and improvement of the patient's conditions. This is the first case of complete reversion of HPS in a non-cirrhotic patient with hepatic granuloma, indicating that intrapulmonary shunt in liver diseases is a functional phenomenon and HPS can be developed even in miscellaneous liver involvement as in this case.
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PMID:Reversion of severe hepatopulmonary syndrome in a non cirrhotic patient after corticosteroid treatment for granulomatous hepatitis: a case report and review of the literature. 1648 41


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