Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic function of 80 children aged under 3 years with Plasmodium vivax malaria were studied during the acute attack and 6 weeks after antimalarial treatment. Raised levels of serum aspartate transaminase (serum AST; SGOT), serum alanine transaminase (serum ALT; SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase were observed in 68%, 39% and 46% of cases respectively. AST levels were higher than ALT ones and the mean level of both enzymes was much higher in patients with hepatomegaly. The hepatic dysfunction which these observations reflect is transient, as these enzymes were found to be at their normal levels 6 weeks after treatment. A transient derangement of liver function is thus a common feature of childhood malaria, and hepatic dysfunction takes place to a significant degree even in P. vivax malaria.
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PMID:Hepatic dysfunction in childhood malaria. 37 43

Abnormal serum aminotransferase activities with dominance of aspartate aminotransferase over alanine aminotransferase activity, and elevated serum adenosine deaminase activity and immunoglobulin. A concentration, were commonly encountered among patients with portal cirrhosis. The full triad was present in 31 of 49 cases (63%). As isolated abnormalities, these features were not uncommon in patients with other diseases of the liver and biliary tree, but the full triad was found only in 11 of 163 such cases (6.8%). The presence of this triad in a patient with unexplained hepatomegaly is indicative of portal cirrhosis.
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PMID:A diagnostic triad for portal cirrhosis. 97 89

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection and possible predisposing factors was assessed in a renal unit. Of 343 patients at our renal dialysis centre, 37 (10.8%) were anti-HCV positive by a 1st-generation assay (ELISA, Ortho/Chiron) and confirmed positive in 35 (10.2%) with a 2nd-generation test (UBI, New York). Anti-HCV positivity was significantly associated with: duration of renal replacement therapy (P < 0.0001); quantity of blood transfused (P < 0.002); duration of hospital haemodialysis (P = 0.0001); duration with a functional renal transplant (P = 0.039); and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression determined the following variables to be independent risk factors: duration of renal replacement therapy with a relative risk of 34.3 for 5-9 years and 87.4 when the duration was in excess of 10 years; renal transplant for less than 1 year (relative risk of 5.0); transfusion in excess of 50 units of blood (relative risk of 11.6). Clinical assessment of anti-HCV-positive patients revealed peripheral signs of chronic liver disease in 40%, hepatomegaly in 34%, and splenomegaly in 9%. This prevalence of hepatitis C infection is similar to other European and North American centres, but contrasts with low prevalence rates reported from dialysis populations in the UK. It adds further support for routine screening of blood and possibly organ donors and implementation of further infection control measures in dialysis centres.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C in dialysis patients and transplant recipients with possible routes of transmission. 827 37

Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms (n = 25) were diagnosed in 21 cats during a 5.5-year period. Thirteen of the neoplasms were benign bile duct adenomas and 12 were malignant, 6 of which were bile duct adenocarcinomas. All cats were greater than or equal to 10 years old, and 14 were male. Main clinical signs were anorexia and lethargy, and 15 of 21 cats had hepatomegaly. All 21 cats were feline leukemia virus-test negative. Although there was a trend toward high activities of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, neither clinical signs nor enzyme activity were specific for diagnosis of hepatic neoplasia in the cats of this study.
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PMID:Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983-1988). 133 Sep 99

Hepatitis A is an acute, necroinflammatory disease of the liver which results from infection by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The mean incubation period is approximately 30 days. Although the disease is usually self-limited, the severity of illness is age-dependent. In children, hepatitis A is usually asymptomatic, while in adults, symptomatic infection is characteristic and jaundice is common. Fulminant hepatitis A is rare and is also age-dependent. The onset of hepatitis A is often abrupt and characteristic prodromal symptoms are followed, within a few days to a week, by dark urine and jaundice. Mild to moderate tenderness over an enlarged liver is usually detected. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels usually both rise rapidly during the prodromal period, reach peak levels and then decrease by approximately 75% per week. Serum bilirubin concentrations reach peak levels later and decline less rapidly than serum aminotransferases. Nonetheless, the period of jaundice persists for < 2 weeks in approximately 85% of cases. Nearly all adult patients with clinically apparent disease experience complete clinical recovery with restoration of normal serum bilirubin and aminotransferase values by 6 months. Relapses and prolonged cholestasis are unusual manifestations of hepatitis A, and even in these circumstances, recovery is the rule and chronic hepatitis is not seen. The diagnosis of hepatitis A requires the detection of immunoglobulin M antibody to HAV in a patient who presents with, or has recently had, clinical features of hepatitis (icteric or anicteric disease) or in an individual with inapparent, asymptomatic infection in whom serum aminotransferase elevations may be detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of hepatitis A virus infection. 133 49

Twenty-two patients with clinical, biochemical, immunological and pathological characteristics compatible with primary biliary cirrhosis were studied. There were 17 women and 5 men with a mean age of 57.4 +/- 15.2 years and a mean follow-up of 24.1 +/- 20.1 months. Four of them expired during the follow-up and eighteen patients now survive. The most common complaints were fatigue (63.6%) and itching (59.1%). Only one case (4.5%) was asymptomatic in this series. The major physical findings were jaundice (50%) and hepatomegaly (50%). The significant laboratory findings were: elevation of alkaline phosphatase (91% of the cases greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (100% of the cases greater than 4 times the upper limit of normal), aspartate transaminase (95%) and alanine transaminase (100%), presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (91%), antinuclear antibodies (73%) and the elevation of IgM (88%). One case was associated with ulcerative colitis. Pathological staging in this series revealed 57.9% of stage II, 26% of stage III, 10% of stage IV and 5.3% of stage I. All patients with granuloma survived but 4 of the 5 patients with cholestasis died during follow-up. The results show that the features in this series of PBC were similar to those observed in western countries. The very high ALP and gamma-GT level as well as only one asymptomatic case in this series, suggest that our patients were diagnosed at a late stage. The reason(s) for the higher positivity of ANA, particularly the speckled type and a lower rate of associated auto-immune disease requires further study. Liver biopsy in predicting a prognosis is valuable.
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PMID:[A clinicopathological study in primary biliary cirrhosis]. 135 58

During the twenty-nine-year period from June 1959 to October 1988, 32 infants and children with histology-proved hepatoblastoma were seen at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). The age at diagnosis ranged from four days to six years, with a mean of one year and eight months. Most of the patients (87.5%) were under the age of three. There was no sex predilection (16 males, 16 females). The most common presenting signs were an upper abdominal mass (71.9%) and/or abdominal distention (62.5%). Physically, all the patients revealed hepatomegaly, with or without mass. Laboratory abnormalities included primarily thrombocytosis (64.3%), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (75.0%), serum alanine aminotransferase (62.5%), cholesterol (78.3%) and alphafetoprotein (92.3%). According to the classification of Ishak and Glunz, 56.3% of these belonged to the epithelial type; the others belonged to the mixed type. During the follow-up period, 6 patients with complete resection of the tumor remained alive from 2 years to 17 years and 4 months. Twenty-two patients died from 8 days to 16 months after diagnosis. Four patients were lost to follow-up. The two-year survival rate was 21.4% (6/28). Complete resection of the tumor was the key treatment for achieving survival.
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PMID:Hepatoblastoma in infancy and childhood: a clinical and pathological study of 32 cases. 164 97

The characteristics of liver damage associated with the use of diclofenac, a popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated by reviewing adverse drug reaction reports for Australia. Twenty six patients were reported for whom diclofenac was the sole suspected drug cause of their liver damage. The average age of the patients was 64 years (range 37-84 years); 19 (70%) were women. The most common clinical features were jaundice, hepatomegaly, anorexia, and nausea. Features of drug hypersensitivity were not reported. Duration of treatment with diclofenac before the onset of the illness ranged from 6-417 days (median 76 days). The most prominent biochemical abnormalities were raised serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity of up to 30 to 40 times the upper limit of the normal range. Recovery generally started soon after withdrawal of diclofenac and the decrease in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase for the group was exponential, with half lives of around 13 days. The average total dose taken by 18 patients for whom accurate data were available was 8.7 g (range 1.4-63.5 g) and, unexpectedly, there was a significant relation between the logarithm of the dose of diclofenac and the logarithms of the peak and mean transaminase levels. Hepatocellular damage during treatment with diclofenac seems to be a rare event. From this analysis of Australian reports it seems that in a small subgroup of patients liver injury may be a direct toxic effect of diclofenac or a metabolite.
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PMID:Diclofenac hepatitis. 175 73

Forty-two with hepatosplenic patients treated with praziquantel and followed up for 5 years. One half of the patients received a single 30 mg/kg dose and the other half, two doses of 25 mg/kg given 4 hrs apart. According to Hoffman and Kato-Katz stool exams, an 83.3% cure rate, was observed after twelve months. Stool egg counts in cases of incomplete cure were greatly reduced. Liver function, as assessed by serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as albumin and gamma globulin showed marked improvement after one year. Hepatomegaly was reduced in 81.0% of patients and splenomegaly in 78.8%. Spleen regression was complete in 15.1% of the total, and in 18.5% of those with compensated hepatosplenic disease. As a result of these observations, the authors recommend early treatment with anti-schistosomal medication, either oxamniquine or praziquantel, to halt progression of disease and reduce splenomegaly.
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PMID:Reduction of morbidity in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni after treatment with praziquantel: a long term study. 212 17

The clinical records of 312 consecutive patients with liver metastases from breast cancer were reviewed. The primary tumours were commonly poorly differentiated, although the majority were steroid receptor positive. At diagnosis of liver metastases, 60% of patients had hepatomegaly, 13% were jaundiced and 7% had ascites. A raised serum aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most common biochemical abnormality (84%), with 54% of patients having an AST of more than twice the upper limit of normal. The median survival from the time of diagnosis of liver metastases was 3.8 months. No feature existing prior to the development of liver metastases influenced subsequent survival. The presence of jaundice (P less than 0.001), ascites (P = 0.01) or hepatomegaly (P = 0.01) were all associated with a particularly poor prognosis. While any degree of elevation of bilirubin (P less than 0.001) or alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.003) was unfavourable, a raised AST alone was not predictive of shorter survival. AST only influenced survival significantly when above twice the upper limit of normal (P less than 0.001), with prognosis then progressively worsening the more elevated the level. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model suggested that the degree of elevation of AST was the single most important prognostic factor for survival after the diagnosis of liver metastases.
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PMID:Liver metastases from breast cancer: the relationship between clinical, biochemical and pathological features and survival. 214 44


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