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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies suggest that thyroid hormones are involved in the mechanism of peroxisome proliferation. However, those studies utilized either surgically thyroidectomized animals, which are also parathyroidectomized, without calcium supplementation, or animals pretreated with antithyroid drugs, which are known to produce metabolic as well as morphometric changes in the liver. Therefore, these animal models confound conclusions drawn in previous studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in peroxisomal proliferation by the phthalate ester plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in thyroidectomized rats with parathyroid replants. Using this model, it was found that DEHP-induced hepatomegaly was partially dependent on thyroid hormones. DEHP produced a thyromimetic effect, inducing the activity of malic enzyme and carnitine acetyltransferase in the absence of thyroid hormones. Additionally, DEHP-induced activities of catalase were shown to be dependent on thyroid hormones, whereas the thyroid status of the animal had no effect on DEHP-induced activities of the peroxisomal beta-oxidizing enzymes. These data further confirm that endocrine factors play variable roles in the process of induction of various peroxisomal enzymes caused by peroxisome proliferators.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992 Dec
PMID:Induction of peroxisomal enzyme activities by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in thyroidectomized rats with parathyroid replants. 146 23

Hepatomegaly and deranged liver functions are common findings in reactive haemophagocytic syndrome (RHS). We report the findings of 12 fatal cases of RHS in which histological materials of the liver are available for study. The underlying diseases of these patients included lymphoma/leukaemia (6 cases), disseminated undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary (1 case), disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma complicated by tuberculosis (1 case), adenovirus pneumonia (1 case), pneumococcal pneumonia (1 case), typhoid fever (1 case), and possible drug intoxication (1 case). Ten patients had involvement of the liver by the underlying disease process which contributed to the marked hepatic derangement. Non-specific reactive hepatitis, sinusoidal dilatation and steatosis resulting from systemic or local effects of the associated diseases and the haemophagocytosis also added to the high incidence of liver abnormalities. A diffuse Kupffer cell hyperplasia with haemophagocytosis is characteristic of the syndrome, as all the cases showed increased numbers of bland-looking histiocytes within the hepatic sinusoids and haemophagocytosis which was moderate to marked in 8 cases and mild in 4. Thus the finding of Kupffer cell hyperplasia with prominent haemophagocytosis in liver biopsy is indicative of an element of RHS and warrants clinical monitoring. Differential diagnoses of haemophagocytosis in liver are also discussed.
Liver 1992 Dec
PMID:Liver changes in reactive haemophagocytic syndrome. 147 7

Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is recognized as an opportunistic infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in regions where histoplasmosis is endemic. At the Kansas University Medical Center 148 patients were hospitalized with the diagnosis of AIDS from December 1983 to March 1991; 23 of these patients (16%) had disseminated histoplasmosis. The charts of these 23 patients were reviewed. Clinical signs and symptoms included fever (91%), cough (65%), and weight loss (48%). Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or lymphadenopathy was present in 52% of all patients. Anemia (39%), leukopenia (65%), and thrombocytopenia (52%) were common, and 22% had pancytopenia. Diagnosis was made by peripheral smear examinations (organisms visualized on 7 of 22 smears [32%]), blood cultures (positive for H capsulatum in 16 of 20 patients, [80%]), bone marrow cultures (positive in 14 of 15 patients, [93%]), and bone marrow aspirate and biopsy examinations (organisms seen on 18 of 21 stains, [86%]). The combination of these four tests revealed the diagnosis of DH in 23 of 23 patients (100%). Induction and maintenance amphotericin B therapy was given to all but 2 patients, and currently 8 of the 23 are alive. DH is a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients from regions endemic for histoplasmosis. When DH is suspected, a peripheral smear examination, blood cultures, bone marrow cultures and bone marrow aspirate and biopsy should be done to make the diagnosis, since suppression of the disease is possible with appropriate therapy.
South Med J 1992 Dec
PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. 147 Sep 57

The laparoscopic and pathological diagnoses of 43 patients who underwent abdominal laparoscopy for various indications are presented. Major indications for the laparoscopy included hepatomegaly in 32 patients, ascites in 28, and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) in 18 patients. A combination of two or more of these indications was a more common feature. The most frequently encountered laparoscopic diagnoses were tuberculosis and chronic liver disease (16 patients each), followed by cancer (9 patients). However, on pathological examination of peritoneal or liver biopsy tissue and on follow-up, tuberculosis was confirmed in 12 patients, chronic liver disease in 14 patients and hepatocellular carcinoma in 11 patients. No complications were encountered during the laparoscopy. Our findings indicate that abdominal laparoscopy is a safe, quick and inexpensive diagnostic tool, particularly when appropriate and adequate tissue is taken for pathological examination. In such instances, laparoscopy would save an unnecessary laparotomy, especially where tuberculosis and cancer are considered in the differential diagnosis.
Hepatogastroenterology 1991 Dec
PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis: the value of laparoscopy. 166 76

We describe the clinical and laboratory findings of 78 adult patients with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) studied over the last 12 years. The main disease features were splenomegaly (73%), lymphadenopathy (53%), hepatomegaly (40%), skin lesions (27%), and a high leukocyte count (greater than 100 x 10(9)/L in 75%) with nucleolated prolymphocytes. A variant form with small, less typical cells was recognized in 19%. Membrane markers defined a postthymic phenotype TdT-, CD2+, CD3+, CD5+, CD7+; in 65%, the cells were CD4+ CD8-, in 21%, they coexpressed CD4 and CD8, and, in 13%, they were CD4- CD8+. Serology for human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus Type-I (HTLV-I) was negative in the 27 cases investigated. Cytogenetic analysis in 30 cases showed a consistent abnormality of chromosome 14, usually inv (14), with breakpoints at q11 and q32 in 76% of cases. Trisomy 8, including iso8q, was shown in 53%; t (11;14)(q13;q32) was documented in one case; and one had a normal karyotype. The clinical course was progressive with a median survival of 7.5 months. Thirty-one patients were treated with 2' deoxycoformycin and 15 responded (3 complete remissions and 12 partial remissions); the response rate (48%) increased to 58% in patients with a CD4+ CD8- phenotype. The median survival of responders was 16 months and of nonresponders 10 months; other treatments were less effective. T-PLL is a distinct clinico-pathologic entity with aggressive course and characteristic chromosome abnormalities. A subgroup of patients may benefit from deoxycoformycin.
Blood 1991 Dec 15
PMID:Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukemia. 174 86

Mycobacterium gordonae is considered the least pathogenic of the Runyon Group II mycobacteria, although there are now well-documented reports of infection varying from localized soft tissue infection to disseminated life threatening diseases. We report a 40-year-old Pakistani housewife, treated in childhood for tuberculosis, who presented with severe systemic illness, fever, ascites, hepatomegaly, persistent dysuria with sterile pyuria, pulmonary disease, and anorexia with weight loss. Liver biopsy histology showed multiple granulomata and multiple isolation of M. gordonae from sputum and urine, in keeping with disseminated mycobacterial infection. She had dramatic response to antituberculosis therapy with streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. No evidence existed for disturbed humoral or cellular immunity and HIV infection. This represents the fifth reported case of disseminated M. gordonae infection, the first from the Arabian Gulf. It was treated successfully with standard antituberculosis regimen.
Am J Med Sci 1991 Dec
PMID:Case report: disseminated Mycobacterium gordonae infection in a nonimmunocompromised host. 177 25

Breast liver metastases are uncommon and have not been well reported. We studied the clinical outcome of 47 patients who developed liver metastases out of 912 breast cancer patients treated between 1982 and 1987, an incidence of 5.2%. The median disease free interval prior to clinical liver metastases was 20.2 months (range 4-192 months). The most frequent clinical presentations were hepatomegaly (70%) and abdominal pain (34%). The diagnosis was confirmed on ultrasound scan in 72.7% patients. Thirty-one patients (70.5%) received specific treatment with both hormone and chemotherapy but only six showed any evidence of objective response, the majority of whom had metastases only in the liver. The median survival of treated patients was 4 months and absence of jaundice, response to treatment and liver metastases only were associated with significantly better survival. In conclusion breast liver metastases usually present as a manifestation of disseminated disease and have an appalling prognosis. When they occur as an initial site the prognosis is better but very few patients overall respond to conventional treatment.
J R Soc Med 1991 Dec
PMID:Breast liver metastases--incidence, diagnosis and outcome. 140 13

A comparison was made of the long-term impact of different methods of administration of chemotherapy (oxamniquine, 30 mg/kg in divided doses; or praziquantel, 40 mg/kg) on prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection in four areas in Kangundo Location, Machakos District, Kenya. In Area A, treatment was offered in October 1983 and again in April 1985 to all infected individuals. In Area H, treatment was offered in April 1985 to individuals excreting greater than or equal to 100 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. In Area S, treatment was offered in April 1985 to all infected school children, within the framework of the primary schools. In the witness area, Area W, treatment was given in April 1985, for ethical reasons, to a small number of individuals excreting greater than or equal to 800 epg. Prevalence and intensities of infection were subsequently monitored at yearly intervals for three complete post-treatment years. In the Area S schools, clinical examination was also carried out at yearly intervals. Treatment of all infected individuals on two occasions (Area A) was the most effective and long-lasting way of reducing prevalence and intensity of infection. In this area, however, some earlier interventions had been carried out and pre-treatment intensities were lower than in the other areas. Treatment only of infected schoolchildren (Area S) also had a marked and prolonged effect, comparable to or better than treatment of individuals with heavy infections (Area H). Treatment of infected schoolchildren also caused a persistent reduction in the prevalence of hepatomegaly, and there was suggestive evidence from intensities of infection in community stool surveys (but not from incidence rates) of an effect on transmission. In all study areas, reinfection was most rapid and most intense among children. These findings are discussed in the light of theoretical considerations and of results from other studies, both on schistosomiasis and on intestinal helminths. We conclude that, in areas of low morbidity such as Kangundo, chemotherapy of schoolchildren only, at intervals of up to 3 years, is a satisfactory way of producing a long-term reduction in both intensity of infection and morbidity.
Parasitology 1991 Dec
PMID:Comparison of different chemotherapy strategies against Schistosoma mansoni in Machakos District, Kenya: effects on human infection and morbidity. 178 Jan 71

Three patients with hepatic fascioliasis are presented. (case 1) A 36-year-old female was admitted in January, 1988, because of intermittent high-grade fever. Laboratory findings included white blood cell count 8,050/mm3 with 29% eosinophils, and CRP 9.5 mg/dl. There was a positive intradermal reaction to Fasciola hepatica antigen. Liver biopsy revealed eosinophilic abscess, granulation and many Charcot-Leyden crystals. (case 2) A 54-year-old male was admitted in June, 1985, because of abdominal fullness. Marked hepatomegaly was noticed. Laboratory findings included white blood cell count 10,200/mm3 with 26% eosinophils, and CRP 2.2 mg/dl. (case 3) A 48-year-old male was admitted in March, 1989, because of intermittent high-grade fever. Hepatomegaly was noticed. Laboratory findings included white blood cell count 7,310/mm3 with 30.3% eosinophils, and CRP 3.5 mg/dl. His condition was complicated by pleuritis with invasion of Fasciola hepatica. In all patients, stool specimens were negative for ova and immunoelectrophoresis was positive for F. hepatica antigen. Computed tomography demonstrated multiple low-density areas in the periphery of the liver in cases 1 and 3, and disseminated areas in case 2. After treatment with bithionol 40 mg/kg every other day for 40 days, all three patients became asymptomatic.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1991 Dec
PMID:[Three cases of human fascioliasis]. 178 14

Twenty-three clinically normal Beagles were inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from an opossum (Tc-O), an armadillo (Tc-A), or a dog (Tc-D). The dogs were grouped according to the clinical outcome of inoculation. Group 1 consisted of 7 dogs inoculated with Tc-O or Tc-A that died or were euthanatized during acute stages of disease. Group 2 consisted of 5 dogs inoculated with Tc-O or Tc-A, that also developed acute disease, but survived to develop chronic disease. Group 3 consisted of 7 dogs inoculated with Tc-D neither developed acute nor chronic disease. Group 4 consisted of 4 dogs and served as noninoculated controls. In group 1, the gross lesions were diffusely pale myocardiums with right ventricular enlargement, hepatomegaly, and a moderate amount of modified transudate in the abdominal cavity. Severe diffuse granulomatous myocarditis with large numbers of pseudocysts and minimal fibrosis characterized the tissues from all cardiac chambers and septum. The lesions were most severe in the right atrium and ventricle. Mild multifocal myositis and pseudocysts were observed in skeletal muscles and smooth muscles of the urinary bladder and small intestine. Multifocal encephalitis and pseudocysts were in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. In group 2, the gross lesions were biventricular enlargement and thinning of the ventricular free walls. The right ventricle contained the most severe microscopic changes. There were mild multifocal interstitial lymphohistocytic cellular infiltrates, perivasculitis, and marked fibrosis in all areas of the myocardium. Mild myositis and multifocal encephalitis were seen in the skeletal muscles and brains. Pseudocysts were not observed in any tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Vet Res 1991 Dec
PMID:Pathologic features of dogs inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates. 178 18


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