Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The non-protein amino acid indospicine, which occurs in the free state in high concentration in the tropical pasture legume Indigofera spicata, causes toxic liver lesions in ruminants. Indospicine is a specific antagonist of arginine and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The liver lesion was studied in rats at four dose levels by feeding diets containing 96, 48, 24 and 15 per cent. of the seed. The too higher levels caused death of most animals in 2-6 wk. Females were more susceptible than males. The rats fed the 24 per cent. seed diet developed a nodular cirrhosis by 6 wk and survived up to 18 wk. The rats fed the 15 per cent. seed diet developed cirrhosis at 16 wk and survived up to 28 wk. Prior to the onset of cirrhosis the liver showed a characteristic lesion consisting of hepatomegaly, periportal fatty change, portal cellularity due to proliferation of ovoid and cuboidal duct cells, gross enlargement of the hepatocyte cytoplasm nuclei and nucleoli in spite of brisk mitotic activity, and focal centrilobular necrosis. The lesion was interpreted as a restricted hepatic response to a growth stimulus, possibly the mobilisation of tissue amino acids. Improvement occurred in the rats fed the two lower dosage levels after nodular cirrhosis developed, producing a new parenchyma. An attempt is made to relate the lesions to the biochemical derangement induced by a specific amino acid antagonist.
J Pathol 1975 Dec
PMID:Effects on the liver in the rat of ingestion of Indigofera spicata, a legume containing an inhibitor of arginine metabolism. 121 90

The macroscopic and microscopic findings of a case of Zieve's syndrome are described (fatty liver, icterus, hyperlipemia and hemolytic anemia in chronic alcoholism). The outstanding macroscopic finding is milky turbidity of the blood in arterial and venous vascular channels as well as hepatomegaly and anaemia of internal organs. A prominent feature of the histological picture is the high-grade lipaemia of the large and small vessels (arteries and veins), capillary occlusions resembling fat embolism in all organs and severe diffuse fatty metamorphosis of the liver. Circulatory disorders and the cause of death are discussed.
Z Rechtsmed 1975 Dec 10
PMID:[Morphological findings in Zieve's syndrome (author's transl)]. 121 21

Four patients presented with a clinical picture of spiking fever, erythematous nodular subcutaneous skin lesions, anaemia and leucopenia. Inconstant features were weight loss (3/4), splenomegaly (3/4), thrombocytopenia (3/4), raised liver enzymes (3/4), hepatomegaly (2/4) and serosal effusions (2/4). The histopathological findings of lobular histiocytic panniculitis with 'bean-bag' cells were characteristic of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP). No infectious agent could be detected, and there was no histological evidence of malignant neoplasia. Unlike most previously described patients with CHP, three of our four patients responded to treatment with immunosuppressive or cytostatic drugs.
Br J Dermatol 1992 Dec
PMID:Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis: a report of four cases. 128 61

In order to compare clinical versus ultrasound based diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni induced periportal fibrosis (pF) 536 infected Sudanese schoolchildren underwent clinical and sonographical examination. A liver exceeding 3 cm in sternal line and a palpable spleen were considered pathological. Ultrasound criteria for age dependent organometry of a Central European cohort were used as reference. Based on clinical criteria 190 children (35.4%) had hepatomegaly, whereas according to ultrasound results the rate was only 11.4%. Splenomegaly was detected in 77 cases (14.4%) by clinical means, but in 196 by ultrasound (36.6%). The sensitivity of clinical parameters as indication of pF was around 50%. Results for ultrasound detected organomegaly were only slightly better. It was concluded that assessment of liver and spleen sizes was of limited value as an indication for pF and that a considerable discrepancy existed between clinical and ultrasound based assessment of hepato- and splenomegaly.
Trop Med Parasitol 1992 Dec
PMID:Ultrasound versus clinical examination as indication for Schistosoma mansoni associated morbidity in children. 129 29

We report a case of malignant lymphoma in a 15-year-old male. He had erythema and nodular lesions, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly with high fever for one month. Laboratory examination revealed a normal blood routine test, a few lymphomatic cells in the bone marrow, and histopathologic changes characteristic of malignant lymphoma in a skin biopsy. Two months later, a second bone marrow examination showed 90% prolymphoblasts. The peripheral blood count revealed WBC 108 x 10(9)/L; among these, prolymphoblasts accounted for 92%. The patient was diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia, and died 2 days later. The diagnosis and transformation from malignant lymphoma to acute lymphocytic leukemia are discussed.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1992 Dec
PMID:[A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia transformed from malignant lymphoma]. 130 24

Major biliary tract obstruction caused by tumour invasion is a rare manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors had the opportunity to diagnose and treat five such cases, three of whom had features of acute cholangitis. The prevalence of both hepatocellular carcinoma and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is high in patients from the Far East. The former may first present under the guise of the latter. Gastroenterologists and surgeons should be aware of hepatocellular carcinoma when managing these patients who present with obstructive jaundice, gross hepatomegaly and cholangitis.
Postgrad Med J 1992 Dec
PMID:Biliary tract invasion and obstruction by hepatocellular carcinoma: report of five cases. 133 82

Physicians examined the records of 47 adults with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV-1 infection who were patients at 3 urban teaching hospitals in the Andalucia region in southern Spain between January 1986 and November 1991. They wanted to identify the clinical, biological, and epidemiological features of VL in HIV-1 positive patients. 96% of the cases were diagnosed with both infections during the last 2 years of the study period and 79% between January and November 1991. All the patients had risk factors for HIV infection (65.9% IV drug use, 21.3% sexual contact, and 12.8% blood transfusion). 70% exhibited the classic symptoms of VL (fever, enlarged liver and spleen, and depressed counts of blood cells). Most patients were already very immunocompromised when VL was diagnosed. 87% had a total lymphocyte count of less than 1000 x 1 million/1 and a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 x 1 million/1. In fact, 66% had full blown AIDS prior to diagnosis of VL. VL was the first severe infection in 10 cases. 68% also suffered from opportunistic infections, especially candidiasis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Microscopic examination of Leishmania amastiogotes in tissue samples led to a diagnosis in 94% of cases, isolation of motile amastigotes in culture of bone marrow aspirate in 2%, and microscopic and culture in 4%. Just 46% completed a full course of treatment (pentavalent antimony, allopurinol, and/or pentamidine). Only 38% had a microbiological response. Immunofluorescence detected sizeable titers (1:40) of antileishmanial antibodies in just 31% of cases. 17% experienced clear clinical improvement. Physicians in endemic areas should consider VL in every HIV-1 infected patient with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, or hematological abnormalities to avoid underdiagnosis of leishmaniasis.
AIDS 1992 Dec
PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a common opportunistic infection in Spain? 136 80

A 3-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of hypotonia and frequent vomiting. She had severe metabolic acidosis and her liver function was abnormal. Hepatomegaly and rapidly progressive liver failure developed, and she died at 4 months of age. Two half-siblings from a different mother had died in infancy of an undiagnosed myopathy. The liver was fatty and hepatocytes were filled with large and small lipid droplets. Other tissues were morphologically normal. The respiratory chain enzymes containing subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA were markedly decreased in liver, partially decreased in muscle, but normal in other tissues. Southern blot analysis showed 90% depletion of mitochondrial DNA in liver, 53% depletion in muscle, and normal amounts in other tissues. This is the second case of fatal infantile liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. This pathogenetic mechanism should be considered in infants with multiple respiratory chain defects and variable tissue expression.
J Pediatr 1992 Dec
PMID:Fatal infantile liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. 144 52

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is an uncommon, but well-described, complication of bone marrow transplantation. We describe a case of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis following autologous bone marrow transplantation that was marked by weight gain, hepatomegaly, ascites, and extreme hyperbilirubinemia leading to a clinical diagnosis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Autopsy revealed nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis of the tricuspid and pulmonic valves, and passive congestion of the liver, but there was no evidence of veno-occlusive disease. We discuss the pathophysiology and clinical features of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and review its occurrence in association with bone marrow transplantation. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is often difficult to detect clinically and should be a diagnostic consideration in patients who develop systemic emboli or congestive heart failure after bone marrow transplantation.
Am J Clin Oncol 1992 Dec
PMID:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis clinically mimicking veno-occlusive disease of the liver complicating autologous bone marrow transplantation. 144 13

Portacaval anastomosis has proved to be effective in avoiding active and recurrent hemorrhage from gastroesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. However, hepatic encephalopathy is the most common and serious complication of this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate by multivariate analysis the predictive factors of development of hepatic encephalopathy in 50 Child's A and B cirrhotic patients whose variceal bleeding was treated with emergency (n = 17) or elective (n = 33) portacaval anastomosis. The etiology of the cirrhosis was alcoholic in 74% of cases. The mean follow-up was 22.7 +/- 16.6 months (range 1-60 months). The 2-yr probability of suffering from at least one episode of hepatic encephalopathy in the overall group was 43%. The multivariate analyses (Cox's regression method) of 37 variables based upon clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory data disclosed that only five of these variables had independent predictive value: need for diuretic treatment in the days prior to surgery, absence of hepatomegaly, and serum levels of total bilirubin, gamma-globulin, and hemoglobin. According to the contribution of each one of these factors to the final model, a prognostic index was obtained which allowed the division of patients in two different groups of risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy (20% and 74%, respectively, after 2 yr of surgery; p = 0.0002). This index may help to better choose those candidates for portacaval anastomosis.
Am J Gastroenterol 1992 Dec
PMID:Prognostic factors of hepatic encephalopathy after portacaval anastomosis: a multivariate analysis in 50 patients. 144 43


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