Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specific IgM and IgG antibody to a polysaccharide present in the epithelial cells of the gut of adult schistosomes was measured in four groups of infected patients: I) patients with documented acute schistosomiasis; II) Americans exposed to schistosomiasis within the preceding 0--4 years; III) chronically and heavily infected patients, mostly from Puerto Rico, without hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly; and IV) heavily infected Brazilian children with hepatic or hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Specific IgM and IgG titers were both highest in the acute Group I patients and lowest in the chronically infected Groups III and IV. Total IgG and IgM levels were compared to specific antibody titers. Immunoglobulin levels tended to follow specific antibody titers except in the chronically infected Groups III and IV in which total IgG rose to high levels. The decrease in specific antigen titers over the course of time occurred despite continued antigenic stimulation and suggests a modulation of the humoral response. The mechanism remains obscure.
 ...
PMID:Antibody response to a polysaccharide antigen present in the schistosome gut. II. Modulation of antibody response. 36 58

In a population of about 130 tortoises, consisting mainly of Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) and Four-toed tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii), 50% of the reptiles died within 3 months in autumn 1987. Post mortem analysis of 5 necropsied turtles revealed thick, caseous coatings in the upper digestive tract, hepatomegaly and enteritis. By microbiological examination a lot of ubiquitous bacteria could be isolated. By electron microscopy of concentrated and negatively stained gut specimens herpes virus particles were found in two Hermann's tortoises and one Four-toed tortoise. Isolation experiments in embryonic turtle tissue cultures showed no evidence of a cytopathogenic agent. The results are discussed in respect of their importance for the high mortality observed in the population of mediterranean land turtles.
 ...
PMID:[Electron microscopic detection of herpesviruses in a mass death of Greek tortoises (Testudo hermanni) and four-toed turtles (Agrionemys horsfieldii)]. 255 30

Eight cases of abdominal tuberculosis from the Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital are reported to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations of the disease. Presentation ranged from asymptomatic hepatomegaly to acute abdomen (intestinal obstruction/perforation). Chronic non-specific symptomatology (fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, jaundice) was commonest. There were three patients with hepatic tuberculosis, two with tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis and three with intestinal tuberculosis, two of whom had concomitant tuberculous peritonitis. Only three patients had coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis was unsuspected at presentation in four patients. Initial provisional diagnoses included typhoid, abdominal lymphoma, hepatic malignancy, chronic hepatitis and iatrogenic gut perforation. All patients responded totally to conventional antituberculous therapy.
 ...
PMID:The varied manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis. 343 16

A wide range of abnormal findings can be seen at abdominal ultrasonography in patients with HIV infection. The most frequent findings, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and enlarged lymph nodes, are nonspecific, however. Increased echogenicity or focal lesions of parenchymal organs, dilated bile ducts, nephromegaly, gut wall thickening or abscesses are uncommon findings. If there is clinical suspicion for a treatable disease, abnormalities seen on ultrasound examination of HIV-infected patients need to be confirmed by guided biopsy.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrasound findings in HIV patients]. 865 99

The SCID mouse represents a valuable tool for assessing growth characteristics and drug sensitivity of human leukemic cells. We have examined differences in the engraftment patterns in SCID mice of primary human leukemic cells isolated from children (< 21 years old) with either t(1;19)+/E2A-PBX1+ or t(9;22)+/BCR-ABL+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemic cells from 13/24 t(1;19)+/E2A-PBX1+ patients caused overt leukemia in SCID mice. Macroscopic lesions were evident in 6/13 cases, with multiple sites involved in some mice: hepatomegaly,(3) splenomegaly(4), thymic enlargement; liver tumors(1), kidney tumors(1), abdominal tumors(1). Microscopic lesions in SCID mouse organs were present in all 13 cases and involved the bone marrow, brain, heart, gut, liver, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and thymus. Leukemic cells from 5/20 t(9;22)+/BCR-ABL+ patients caused overt leukemia in SCID mice. Notably, macroscopic lesions (splenomegaly; leukemic bones; hepatic tumors) were observed in only 1 case. In all 5 cases, microscopic lesions were found in the mouse bone marrow. Additional microscopic lesions were restricted to skeletal muscle, spleen, and mesentery (1 case) or thymus (1 case). These findings differ markedly from those of t(1;19)+/E2A-PBX1+ leukemic cells due to the lack of involvement of major organs such as liver, pancreas, kidney, skin, or brain. These data illustrate the biological heterogeneity of childhood ALL and suggest that the differential risks associated with t(1;19)+/E2A-PBX1+ and t(9;22)+/BCR-ABL ALL might arise from unique engraftment and proliferation capabilities of the respective leukemic cell populations.
 ...
PMID:Distinct in vivo engraftment and growth patterns of t(1;19)+/E2A-PBX1+ and t(9;22)+/BCR-ABL+ human leukemia cells in SCID mice. 1003 3

A case of long-standing subclinical cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) manifesting as hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIb without any hepatomegaly is described. The patient underwent surgical vascular interventions because of accelerated atherosclerosis, which dominated his middle age. CESD was an incidental finding when a liver biopsy specimen was taken because liver malignancy was suspected; the patient's condition proved to be due to a cholangiocarcinoma, which led to his death at the of age 52. The autopsy showed moderate-intensity storage in the set of cells characterized by constitutional high-level receptor-mediated LDL endocytosis (hepatocytes, adrenal cortical cells) and also revealed storage in the Leydig cells. The severity with which histiocytes were affected varied regionally, ranging from minimal detectable storage or none at all (gut, lymph nodes, spleen) to extreme lysosomal expansion by cholesteryl ester liquid crystals (bone marrow) or by ceroid (lung, testicular stroma), or by both (liver). The density of the histiocytic population did not correlate with the degree to which parenchymal cells were affected except in the testicular stroma, where it was prominent. The patient was a mixed heterozygote for the G934A and DeltaC(673-5) mutations.
 ...
PMID:Testis - a novel storage site in human cholesteryl ester storage disease. Autopsy report of an adult case with a long-standing subclinical course complicated by accelerated atherosclerosis and liver carcinoma. 1066 66

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumours of the gut which may also be found in the bronchus, pancreatic islets and retroperitoneum. They probably arise from gastrointestinal or bronchopulmonary pluripotential stem cells. Carcinoid tumours derived from these cells are potentially malignant; the strength of the tendency for aggressive growth correlates with the site of origin, depth of local penetration and the size of the tumour. Carcinoids occur sporadically or result from specific hereditary tumour syndromes. Mutations and/or aberrant expression of specific genes induce and promote tumour growth. Clinical features include local symptoms due to angulation or obstruction and hepatomegaly due to liver metastases. The carcinoid syndrome commonly involves flushing, diarrhoea, bronchospasm and hypotension. Other distinct syndromes may be caused by tumour release of products that may also be used as biochemical markers in diagnosis and follow-up. Scanning using radiolabelled octreotide, an analogue of somatostatin, sensitively identifies occult primary and metastatic deposits. Localized carcinoid tumours should be resected. Some patients benefit from hepatic resection. Palliation of symptoms is best achieved with octreotide. Hepatic artery chemoembolization may produce long-acting palliation. Further genetic characterization of the different types and stages of carcinoid development as well as assessment of gene expression profiles may improve differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndromes. 1462 99

Proinflammatory (TNF-alpha , IL-1beta, and NO) and antiinflammatory (IL-10, CO) levels were assayed in serum, liver, and small bowel in order to verify a hypothetic inflammatory etiopathogeny of portal hypertension that could be the cause of its evolutive heterogeneity. Male Wistar rats were divided into one control group (n=11) and one group with a triple stenosing ligation of the portal vein (n=23) after 28 days of evolution. In one subgroup of portal hypertensive rats, portal pressure, collateral venous circulation, mesenteric vasculopathy, and liver and spleen weights were determined. In the remaining rats with portal hypertension TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-10 were quantified in liver and ileum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NO synthase activity was studied in liver and ileum. CO and NO were measured in portal and systemic blood by spectrophotometry and Griess reaction, respectively. Portal hypertensive rats with mayor spleen weight show hepatomegaly and mayor development of collateral circulation. Ileum release of IL-10 (0.30 +/- 0.12 versus 0.14 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg protein; P< .01) is associated with a liver production of both proinflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha: 2 +/- 0.21 versus 1.32 +/- 0.60 pmol/mg protein; P< .05, IL-1beta: 19.17 +/- 2.87 versus 5.96 +/- 1.84 pmol/mg protein; P=.005, and NO: 132.10 +/- 34.72 versus 61.05 +/- 8.30 nmol/mL; P=.005) and an antiinflammatory mediator (CO: 6.49 +/- 2.99 versus 3.03 +/- 1.59 pmol/mL; P=.005). In short-term prehepatic portal hypertension a gut-liver inflammatory loop, which could be fundamental in the regulation both of the portal pressure and of its complications, could be proposed.
 ...
PMID:Proinflammatory liver and antiinflammatory intestinal mediators involved in portal hypertensive rats. 1603 Mar 93

Common variable immunodeficiency is an important form of primary immunodeficiency disease. The most recognized histologic manifestation of common variable immunodeficiency is a paucity of plasma cells in gut biopsies. However, chronic inflammation can affect other organs including the liver. This study was designed to characterize the histologic findings in liver biopsies of individuals with common variable immunodeficiency. Thirteen liver biopsies from 10 patients were identified. The most common indication for biopsy was elevated liver enzymes, hepatomegaly, and/or splenomegaly. The biopsies typically showed mild portal and mild-to-moderate lobular chronic inflammation with minimal or absent interface activity. Plasma cells were absent in all cases. The biopsy specimens showed no fibrosis (n = 5) or mild portal fibrosis (n = 5). In 2 patients with follow-up biopsies, no fibrosis progression was identified. Four individuals showed small numbers of scattered portal and/or lobular granulomas, 3 of whom had diagnoses of coexistent sarcoidosis. Overall, the inflammatory changes in the biopsies were reminiscent of those seen in individuals with chronic inflammation of the gut, which can lead to translocation of intestinal luminal antigens to the liver and a mild hepatitis. Subsequent review of concurrent intestinal biopsies available in 7 individuals showed intestinal inflammation in 5 of 7 cases. In conclusion, liver biopsies in individuals with common variable immunodeficiency show mild portal and lobular inflammation with no or mild portal fibrosis. The etiology of the common variable immunodeficiency hepatitis remains unclear but, in some cases, may be secondary to mucosal inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis in common variable immunodeficiency. 1908 66

A 47-year-old man was admitted with four months history of pain upper central abdomen associated with passage of 3-4 loose watery stools per day. Abdominal examination revealed soft abdomen with mild tenderness in the para-umbilical region. There was associated hepatomegaly. His Hb% was low, liver and renal functions were deranged. Upper GI endoscopy revealed antral ulcer, and colonoscopy revealed a caecal ulcer, which were biopsied. Liver biopsy was also done. Histopathology report showed evidence of inflammatory colitis and chronic hepatitis, so a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease with autoimmune hepatitis was made. He was negative for HIV and hepatitis serology. He was given long list of medicine including steroids but the symptoms did not improve. Two months after admission he developed severe abdominal pain associated with distension. The X-Ray chest revealed pneumoperitoneum and laparotomy was carried out which revealed a small perforation in terminal ileum associated with multiple circular indurated areas ranging from few mm to 1.5 Cm in size with central thinning spread over distal half of small gut and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The biopsy of perforated area revealed cytomegaloviral enteritis. Postoperatively patient developed ARDS and died on 13th postoperative day.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegaloviral enteritis: a rare cause of small gut perforation. 2347 36


1 2 Next >>