Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are common causes of chronic liver disease. The overlap between ALD and NAFLD suggests the existence of metabolic steatohepatitis. Development of in vivo models that reflect various aspects of human steatohepatitis is essential for drug discovery. We aimed to characterize several models of steatohepatitis (SH) and to investigate whether the pathology could be modulated. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 wk, followed by either a high-fat, high-cholesterol and cholate diet (HFC) or a HFC diet containing 13% trans fat (HFC-TF). A subset received 15% ethanol-water twice a week for 12 wk. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and rodent NH2-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (rPRO-C3) were assessed. The liver was weighed and evaluated using modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network histological score system criteria. All diets induced hepatomegaly, but only HFC-TF increased the size of visceral adipose tissue. Trans fat augmented HFC-induced dyslipidemia, and cholesterol was higher and HDL was lower in the HFC-TF groups. Alcohol lowered triglycerides in both dietary groups. HFC elevated ALT and AST, which were lowered by trans fat. All diets induced histological SH, addition of trans fat induced more steatosis but less inflammation. Inclusion of alcohol augmented the HFC-induced inflammation. All diets induced mild fibrosis. Inclusion of trans fat and alcohol significantly increased rPRO-C3. The addition of trans fat reduced the HFC-induced inflammation but augmented steatosis and dyslipidemia. Inclusion of alcohol induced a more inflammatory and fibrogenic phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease share significant overlap, which suggests the existence of metabolic steatohepatitis. Trans fat has been implicated in steatohepatitis development. Here, we show that the addition of trans fat to an atherogenic diet results in a more steatotic but less inflammatory phenotype, whereas the addition of alcohol to an atherogenic diet augments the inflammatory and fibrogenic properties of the diet.
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PMID:Addition of trans fat and alcohol has divergent effects on atherogenic diet-induced liver injury in rodent models of steatohepatitis. 3190 26

Hepatitis A virus is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in India, due to lack of clean water and sanitation. Usual presentations include gastroenteritis or a viral respiratory infection. Hepatitis A has a variety of extra-hepatic manifestations which, if failed to be recognized, evades diagnosis. A 28-year-old lady presented with pain abdomen for 1 week, fever with rashes for 1 day. Patient was febrile at the time of examination. Rash was maculopapular with irregular edges, tender. On examining abdomen, tenderness noted in right hypochondrium and epigastrium with hepatomegaly. Patient was then admitted. Working diagnosis was Viral hepatitis for evaluation. Hepatitis A serology was sent which came positive for Ig M. Patient was treated with IV fluids, bile acid sequestrants, IV PPI, IV and oral antibiotics, antihistamines and 3 doses of injection Vit K. Calamine lotion was also given for skin care. Patient improved symptomatically in 2 days and was discharged after 3 days of hospital stay. In our case, the maculopapular rash spreading to the whole body was the major presenting symptom. The presentation of Hepatitis A with rashes maybe seen in around 10% of patients with extrahepatic manifestations along with arthralgia. Differential diagnosis in this case should be erythema multiforme which is the most common maculopapular eruptive rash. Other viral hepatitis causing agents (Hepatitis B&E) have been documented to present with rashes. SLE and Kawasaki disease rarely present with fever with rash with nonspecific multisystemic involvement. Borrelia, Leptospira also have icterus in their presentations. Early diagnosis and management in this case prevented complication such as autoimmune hepatitis, pleural effusion, ascites acute kidney injury. This case presentation urges the need to consider Hepatitis A to be an important differential diagnosis of fever with rash especially in tropical/sub-tropical countries with poor sanitation.
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PMID:Hepatitis A: A refreshing perspective through a rare symptom in a teaching hospital in south India. 3310 63


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