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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four undernourished adults (15%-37% below idealll body weight) received fat-free total parenteral nutrition for a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Chemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency (triene:tetraene ratio greater than 0.4) appeared in all patients during the first 3 weeks of treatment. Deficiency developed more rapidly in the two patients who were younger (ages 16 and 36) and more severely undernourished (26% and 37% below ideal body weight) than in the two older patients (62 and 76) who were less undernourished (15% and 16% below idea body weight). All patients continued to gain weight and maintain positive nitrogen balance throughout the course of total parenteral nutrition and developing essential fatty acid deficiency. Hepatomegaly and increased serum liver enzyme activities occurred in the two patients with evidence of the most severe essential fatty acid deficiency. Liver biopsy, in the cases with hepatomegaly, showed hepatocytes containing fat and what appeared to be enlarged, spherical mitochondria. There was no cellular infiltrate or significant degree of necrosis. Supplementation with oral linoleic acid (as safflower oil) reversed the essential fatty acid deficiency and the elevation of serum liver enzymes.
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PMID:Essential fatty acid deficiency in four adult patients during total parenteral nutrition. 80 47

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

Piperonyl butoxide, alpha-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy- 2-propyltoluene, is a pesticide synergist. F344 rats of both sex were maintained on diets containing 0, 0.6, 1.2 or 2.4% of piperonyl butoxide for 13 weeks. At the end of experimental period, they were necropsied. Selected organs were weighted and serum was analyzed by clinical chemistry. In male and female rats of the 2.4%-group, body weight gains were depressed, macroscopically, hepatomegaly was marked and liver weights were significantly higher than those of the control group. In male and female rats of all treated groups, relative kidney weights were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Rats of the 2.4%-group had increased levels of albumin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Examination of livers of the male 2.4%-group by light microscopy showed enlarged hepatocytes with glassy cytoplasm and fatty deposition. On occasion, there was coagulative necrosis of a few hepatocytes in the periportal area and oval cell proliferation. The kidney of treated rats showed atrophy of epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubules. These results indicated that toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in rats was directed primarily to the liver and kidney.
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PMID:Sub-acute toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in F344 rats. 158 83

An attempt was made to estimate noninvasively portal pressure (PP) in patients with chronic liver disease, using the theory of quantification, a kind of multivariate analysis. Forty-one patients with liver cirrhosis and 22 patients with chronic hepatitis in whom hepatic venous catheterization had been performed were studied. Seventeen parameters (age, sex, mean blood pressure, red blood cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, albumin, gamma-globulin, indocyanine green retention at 15 min, blood urea nitrogen, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites and edema) were selected for the estimation of PP. The estimated PP correlated significantly with the data obtained by hepatic venous catheterization with a high correlation coefficient of 0.835 (p less than 0.01). An investigation using the theory of quantification was also undertaken to determine which of the 17 parameters selected above was most useful in estimating PP. Among the 17 parameters indocyanine green retention at 15 min, red blood cell count, prothrombin time, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly seemed to contribute significantly to the estimation of PP. When the formula was applied to 31 successive patients with chronic liver disease (external samples), the correlation between the estimated and measured PP was 0.455 (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the formula is clinically useful in estimating PP in patients with chronic liver disease.
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PMID:[Estimation of portal pressure using the theory of quantification]. 201 41

Differential effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on host nutrition and growth of cancer are unclear. Growth of adult ACI-N rats bearing transplanted Morris hepatocarcinoma no. 3924A given TPN with or without fat was studied in comparison with Purina Chow-fed, fasting, and semifasting (either amino acid or dextrose alone) rats over 5 days. The isocaloric, isonitrogenous TPN regimens with or without fat maintained body weight and nitrogen balance of cancer-bearing rats equally well. When compared with Chow-fed rats, the volume of the cancer, its weight, doubling time, protein content, and incorporation of thymidine into DNA were similar in rats given TPN either with or without fat. Although the volume of the cancer decreased in fasting and semifasting rats, the nutritional status of the host was also impaired. Administration of TPN to cancer-bearing rats was associated with an abnormal increase in serum lactic acid level, which was not ameliorated by the use of fat to reduce the carbohydrate load. Although TPN with and without fat maintains the nutritional status, hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis limit the administration of carbohydrate and fat as energy substrates in this system.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition with and without fat as substrate for growth of rats and transplanted hepatocarcinoma. 241 57

Hypermetabolism with negative nitrogen balance and immune deficiencies characterize the systemic response to major thermal injury. Patients with burns greater than 50% of the total body surface area (TBSA) initially have poor gastrointestinal function, making it difficult to deliver sufficient enteral calories to meet nutritional requirements. Controversy has developed over whether to supplement oral alimentation with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) early in their treatment. This study randomly assigned 28 patients with burns greater than 50% TBSA to receive TPN supplementation or no TPN supplementation in the first 10 days postburn. Patients receiving TPN supplementation had significantly lower T-cell helper-to-suppressor cell ratios than the unsupplemented group. However, there was no difference in mortality between the groups (eight in each). All patients who died developed hepatomegaly associated with fatty infiltration cholestasis and antemortem liver function abnormalities, indicating that this syndrome is the result of burn injury itself, not TPN.
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PMID:Failure of TPN supplementation to improve liver function, immunity, and mortality in thermally injured patients. 310 54

d.d-T80-prallethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide for sanitary use, was administered to Crj : CD (Sprague Dawley) rats at concentrations of 120, 600 or 3,000 ppm in diet for one year to assess the chronic toxicity potential and the reversibility. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Chronic toxicity study 3,000 ppm : Decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and water intake were observed. Slight alopecia in the neck and/or back was noticed during the first and second weeks, but the animals were recovered thereafter. Slight anemic changes such as decreases in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV and MCH were observed in the females at 52 week. Blood biochemistry revealed increases in total cholesterol (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), phospholipid (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), albumin (in the males at 13 and 26 weeks, in the females at 52 week), total protein (in the males at 26 week, in the females at 52 week), A/G ratio (in the males at 13 week, in the females at 26 week), creatinine (in the males at 52 week), urea nitrogen (in the females at 52 week), GOT (in the males and females at 52 week) and GPT (in the males and females at 52 week), and decreases in triglyceride (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and alkaline phosphatase (in the males at 13 and 52 weeks). In urinalysis, an increase in bilirubin was observed in the males at 52 week. Gross-pathology revealed a lower incidence of accentuated lobular pattern of liver (in the males at 26 week) and a higher incidence of enlarged liver (in the males at 52 week). In organ weight, increases in liver (in the males and females at 26 and 52 weeks), kidney (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks) and thyroid weights (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks, in the females at 26 week), and decreases in spleen (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and adrenal weights (in the females at 52 week) were observed. Histopathological examination revealed a lower incidence of fatty metamorphosis in the liver of females at 52 week. 600 ppm: An increase in liver weight was observed in the males at 26 week. 120 ppm: No effect was observed. 2. Reversibility study Almost all the above chronic toxicities were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[One-year chronic dietary toxicity study of d.d-T80-prallethrin in rats]. 344 42

Protein and fat metabolism were studied in fed and protein-depleted rats. The rats were given one of three isocaloric, isonitrogenous nutrient mixes parenterally. The nutritional regimens differed in the source of nonprotein calories: i) glucose, ii) an emulsion containing long-chain fatty acid triglyceride esters (LCT), and iii) an emulsion containing both LCTs and medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCT). Nitrogen balance, protein synthesis and breakdown, fat deposition in the liver, and the periuterine fat pads were measured using [15N]glycine as the tracer for the protein metabolism and deuterium for the lipid studies. Results are as follows. i) Nitrogen retention and protein synthesis were greater in the fed rats treated with glucose than with LCT. ii) Nitrogen fluxes were lower with LCT than with glucose. iii) Extensive lipogenesis in the liver was only found with the glucose-treated rats. iv) None of the caloric regimens promoted lipogenesis in the periuterine fat pads. v) With the two lipid-containing regimens there was a relative depletion of the depot fat in the periuterine fat pads relative to their glucose-treated counterparts. v) Although the MCT-containing emulsion did not cause hepatomegaly, its apparent caloric effectiveness was lower than that of either glucose or LCT. vi) Chain elongation is not a major pathway for MCT metabolism in parenterally nourished rats.
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PMID:Comparison of glucose, LCT, and LCT plus MCT as calorie sources for parenterally nourished rats. 642 72

Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of excessive energy has been associated with hepatic steatosis. The time course of liver lipid accumulation was examined during 6 days of i.v. hyperalimentation with fat-free infusate. Adult male rats with indwelling superior vena cava cannulas received a dextrose-amino acid infusate for 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 4 or 6 days to provide 146% of nonprotein energy requirement [congruent to 350 non-protein kcal/(kg . day)] and 335% of nitrogen requirement [congruent to 2.7 g amino nitrogen/(kg . day)]. Significant hepatomegaly was apparent by day 1/2. Initially, glycogen deposition accounted for the liver enlargement, but after day 2, liver glycogen was declining and liver lipid was increasing. By day 4, liver lipid had increased fourfold and was the major contributor to hepatomegaly. Concurrent with fatty liver metamorphosis, hepatic essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) developed by day 4; liver linoleic acid levels had dropped from 20 to 1% of total fatty acids, and liver triene:tetraene ratio was 0.68. Similar changes in hepatic phospholipid fatty acids were observed. Enhanced lipogenesis and impaired lipid transport is known to accompany EFAD and may underlie the observed steatosis. A doubling of plasma cholesterol levels was also associated with steatosis. The mechanism leading to this increase in plasma cholesterol warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Development of hepatic steatosis and essential fatty acid deficiency in rats with hypercaloric, fat-free parenteral nutrition. 643 8

The toxic effects of imidocarb dipropionate (3,3'-bis[2-imidazolin-2-yl] carbanilide dipropionate) were studied in calves injected twice intramuscularly with 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg dosages. Transient, dosage dependent signs of toxicosis consisted of excessive salivation, serous nasal discharge, diarrhoea and dyspnoea. Elevations in blood urea nitrogen concentrations and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities were related to dosage and markedly increased at the high dosage. Renal hyperaemia, hepatomegaly, pulmonary congestion and oedema, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, hydropericardium and mortality occurred at the 20 mg/kg dosage. Microscopic lesions observed at the high dosage included acute severe renal tubular necrosis and focal hepatocellular necrosis. Injection site reactions varied from microscopic areas of necrotising myositis at the 5 mg/kg dosage to focal grossly visible areas of necrosis, encapsulated by granulation tissue and surrounded by fascial oedema at the 20 mg/kg dosage.
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PMID:A study of the toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in cattle. 741 62


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