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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental models for hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia were established in rats and the effects of certain hypolipidemic drugs were studied with these models. In the hyperlipemia induced in rats by feeding a high cholesterol diet, Y-9738 [ethyl 2(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-4-oxazoleacetate] produced a dose-dependent reduction of serum cholesterol: such hypolipidemic activity was estimated to be about 7 times as great as that of clofibrate. On the other hand, clofibrate induced hepatomegaly at 100 mg/kg, whereas Y-9738 did not at this dosage, which is about 10 times the effective dose. Hyperlipemia induced by high cholesterol and thiouracil was characterized by increased beta-lipoprotein (heparin-calcium and disc electrophoresis). In this model, Y-9738 showed a dose-dependent lowering effect on beta-lipoprotein cholesterol with a marked decrease in the beta/alpha lipoprotein ratio. A tendency was noted for alpha-lipoprotein to be increased. In contrast, clofibrate exerted no effect on this hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia. These results suggest that the above models may be of value in exploring hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia and that Y-9738 may be more useful than clofibrate in the therapy of hyperlipemia.
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PMID:Experimental hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia and its amelioration by a novel hypolipidemic agent. 20 4

9 figures form the core of this article describing and discussing a case of sudden death, 2 hours after a 30-year old woman presented at a hospital emergency with chest pains. She had taken no medications other than oral contraceptives (OCs) for 10 years. The patient was admitted to the coronary care unit where findings included a palpable blood pressure of 94 mm of Hg, a heart rate of 128/min, and a respiratory rate of 28/minute. Cyanosis was noted, jugular veins were distended, and there were rales over the lung bases bilaterally; cardiac sounds were soft and a third heart sound was audible. Arterial oxygen tension was 15 mm of Hg, and carbon dioxide tension was 42 mm of Hg; pH was 7.2. Ventricular tachycardia developed and ventricular fibrillation ensued. The patient was intubated and well oxygenated, external cardiac compression was performed, sodium bicarbonate, epinephrine, and calcium were administered, and electrical defibrillation was performed. After several attempts, the latter resulted in a slow idioventricular rhythm on the electrocardiogram, but neither the blood pressure nor pulse was detectable. Asystole subsequently developed, and cardiac activity could not be restored. After discussion by a panel of physicians, the final anatomic diagnoses are chronic active nonspecific myocarditis; organizing and acute myocardial microvascular and endocardial mural thrombi; platelet-rich microthrombi in the heart, lungs, and liver; chronic passive pulmonary congestion and edema; and congestive hepatomegaly (2900 g). Any of these may be assciated with longterm OC usage.
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PMID:Chest pain, shock, arrhythmias and death in a young woman. 44 59

Eight percent of Negroes between the ages of 45 to 59 had hepatomegaly. Tongue signs and absent knee and ankle jerks were more prevalent in Negroes ages 45 to 74; they also had lower urinary excretion of thiamine and riboflavin than Whites. Bowed legs and knock knees were more frequent in Negroes ages 1 to 17 and Negro women 18 to 44. Prevalence of bleeding, swollen gums was highest in Negroes ages 45 to 59. Both grade I and II goiter were more prevalent in Negroes at all ages except men 18 to 59. Chvostek's sign indicating possible calcium deficiency was more frequent in Negroes at all ages with two exceptions. Major anthropometric findings will also be presented.
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PMID:Preliminary clinical and anthropometric findings from the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA, 1971-1972. 94 71

Previous studies suggest that thyroid hormones are involved in the mechanism of peroxisome proliferation. However, those studies utilized either surgically thyroidectomized animals, which are also parathyroidectomized, without calcium supplementation, or animals pretreated with antithyroid drugs, which are known to produce metabolic as well as morphometric changes in the liver. Therefore, these animal models confound conclusions drawn in previous studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in peroxisomal proliferation by the phthalate ester plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in thyroidectomized rats with parathyroid replants. Using this model, it was found that DEHP-induced hepatomegaly was partially dependent on thyroid hormones. DEHP produced a thyromimetic effect, inducing the activity of malic enzyme and carnitine acetyltransferase in the absence of thyroid hormones. Additionally, DEHP-induced activities of catalase were shown to be dependent on thyroid hormones, whereas the thyroid status of the animal had no effect on DEHP-induced activities of the peroxisomal beta-oxidizing enzymes. These data further confirm that endocrine factors play variable roles in the process of induction of various peroxisomal enzymes caused by peroxisome proliferators.
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PMID:Induction of peroxisomal enzyme activities by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in thyroidectomized rats with parathyroid replants. 146 23

The univariate analysis of prognostic factors showed the value of clinical variables (age, symptoms, lymph node enlargement, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, clinical stage), haematological variables (haemoglobin, platelet count, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, bone marrow involvement and biopsy pattern, cleaved lymphocytes, prolymphocytes, LDT) and biochemical variables (BUN, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and albumin). The multivariate analysis chose the combination of Rai's stage, age, cervical lymph node involvement, phosphorus and BUN. Two predictive models capable of separating appropriately low, intermediate and high risk groups were developed and validated. The results were compared with others in the literature. The interest of predictive models arising from multivariate analysis is stressed.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphatic leukemia. II. Analysis of prognostic factors and development of survival predicting models. Study of 187 patients]. 177 7

Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) is used as a forage source in some cattle-producing areas in Argentina. The plant had no previous reports of toxicity in this country. A herd of 33 Aberdeen Angus bulls grazed during 20 days in October on a pasture composed mainly of hairy vetch. Eight animals developed conjunctivitis, rinitis, dermatitis, loss of hair and fever. All of them died within 15 d after the development of signs with a marked loss of body condition. No more animals became sick 5 d after the removal of the herd from the pasture. Serum parameters tested (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, GOT, alfa-GT and bilirubin) enlarged liver and spleen, generalized hemorrhage in the abomasum, dilated kidneys and multiple pale areas on the heart. Severe necrotizing granulomatous myocarditis, interstitial nephritis, and necrotizing cholangitis were the most striking microscopic changes. Close observation of animals feeding on pastures in which V villosa is dominant is the only prevention.
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PMID:An outbreak of Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) poisoning in grazing Aberdeen Angus bulls in Argentina. 185 12

Hypocalcemic crisis developed in a patient with acute alcoholic fatty liver. In addition to jaundice and marked hepatomegaly, the patient presented with hypocalcemic crisis associated with hypomagnesemia, low plasma 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and undetectable plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. Subsequent computerized tomographic scan and liver biopsy showed the presence of severe fatty liver. With the improvement of liver function, the serum calcium level increased, and was accompanied by normalization of plasma PTH, serum magnesium, and plasma 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D levels. Serial ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid infusion tests demonstrated the reversal of the impaired PTH secretion. Thus, hypocalcemic crisis in this patient appeared to result from transient hypoparathyroidism induced by magnesium deficiency.
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PMID:Hypocalcemic crisis in alcoholic fatty liver: transient hypoparathyroidism due to magnesium deficiency. 311 39

Interferon-beta (GKT-beta) was administered to a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), presumably of acute type, with a marked organ infiltration and increases in serum calcium, LDH and bilirubin. The therapy produced a fall in the number of peripheral blood abnormal lymphocytes, disappearance of jaundice, reduction in the degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and a remarkable improvement of general condition with a performance status of grade 3 improving to grade 1. The response has been maintained for more than seven months. Dose, schedule and criteria for drug discontinuation are matters for further investigation.
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PMID:[A case of adult T-cell leukemia responding to recombinant interferon-beta (GKT-beta)]. 348 33

Doxorubicin (DXR; Adriamycin) was administered i.v. to 20 Sprague-Dawley rats at 2.5 mg/kg once a week for 8 weeks. The rats were then observed for 2 to 5 weeks post treatment until they developed signs of general and cardiotoxicity (lassitude, ascites, marked ECG changes), at which time 11 of these animals and 11 age-matched controls were killed for evaluation of isometric contractile activity changes in isolated right ventricular papillary muscles. At necropsy the animals were examined for evidence of congestive heart failure (enlarged liver, s.c. edema). Baseline contractile changes in preparations from DXR-treated rats, compared with controls, were a decrease in maximum rate of tension development and prolongation in time to peak tension, time to half-relaxation from peak tension and duration of tension. Both developed tension and tension duration in the DXR-exposed muscles were reduced less than those in controls by a decrease in the stimulus interval, and some DXR preparations exhibited a positive staircase rather than the negative staircase normally observed in rats. Increasing extracellular Ca++ produced substantially greater changes in peak tension and maximum rate of tension development, as well as time to half-relaxation and tension duration in the DXR muscles; however, the effects of isoproterenol on these four parameters were blunted in the DXR muscles (although decreased isoproterenol sensitivity was borderline in the case of tension duration and time to half-relaxation). The results suggest that long-term DXR treatment leads to a loss of adrenergic support in the rat heart, and that calcium deficiency, rather than overload, occurs in cells that are still functionally active.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: contractile changes after long-term treatment in the rat. 394 92

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of epigastric pain, and for 3 months she had noticed a mass in the right hypochondrium. She had taken 'Norinyl-1' (norethisterone 1 mg and mestranol 50 mcg) for 5 years. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day but drank little alcohol. Physical examination revealed irregular hard hepatomegaly 10 cm below the right costal margin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected in the serum and alpha fetoprotein levels were normal ( 10 M.R.C. units). A liver scan showed a large space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, and liver biopsy revealed a cholangicarcinoma with striking fibrous reaction. Multiple shadows consistent with metastases were present on chest X-ray, but no bony deposits were found on radiological skeletal survey or bone scan. The serum calcium was persistently high (2.74-2.92 mmol/l) but fell on prednisolone therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were normal. A causal relation between oral contraceptives and hepatic adenoma is now generally accepted, and several patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported. We have been able to find only 1 previous report of cholangiocarcinoma in a young female taking oral contraceptives, and there is 1 report of this tumor in a man taking high doses of anabolic steroids for refractory anemia. This tumor has its peak incidence in the 6th decade and is very rare in the 3rd decade. The association with hypercalcemia due to pseudohyperparathyroidism is well recognized. In only some cases are parathyroid hormone levels raised, and the cause of the pseudohypercalcemia in our patient is unknown.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma and oral contraceptives. 610 61


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