Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After the intraperitoneal injection of corpuscles of C. burnetii antigen (Ag), phospholipid (PL), and sediment obtained after the extraction of PL from Ag with chloroform-methanol (CM) slight leukocytic reaction developed in the peritoneum on day 1, and on day 2 it could be observed in the liver and in the spleen. Ag induced the most pronounced morphological changes. In the spleen they were manifested by the activation of T- and B-dependent zones of white pulp from day 2 and by the pronounced hyperplasia of reticular cells and macrophages, leading to splenomegaly, by days 7-14. Simultaneously lymphoid-macrophagal granulomas and hepatomegaly developed in the liver. By days 7-14 the foci of necrosis in the liver were caused by the thrombosis of portal veins and were not registered after the injection of PL and CM (and earlier also in experiments with Ag in doses of 0.1-0.3 mg).
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PMID:[The host reaction to the administration of different components of Coxiella burnetii]. 175 30

An agent with antigenic, physicochemical, and pathological characteristics of chicken anemia agent (CAA) was isolated from broiler chickens and was designated chicken infectious anemia (CIA)-1. CIA-1 was resistant to chloroform treatment and passed through 50-nm-diameter-pore membranes. When inoculated in embryonally bursectomized and/or intact chickens, CIA-1 produced signs and lesions characteristic of CIA: low hematocrit values, pale bone marrow, thymic and bursal atrophy, and enlarged liver. Microscopic lesions were a reflection of macroscopic observations. When injected into 4-week-old chickens CIA-1 induced antibodies against the Cux-1 CAA isolate. In CsCl, CIA-1 had a density of 1.36 g/ml. Antibodies against CAA were found in breeder and commercial chicken flocks from Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania. The age of these flocks ranged from 10 to 78 weeks.
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PMID:Identification of the chicken anemia agent, reproduction of the disease, and serological survey in the United States. 210 63

Four trihalomethanes were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats from day 6 to day 15 of gestation. Chloroform (Ch) was administered at levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and bromoform (Br), bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and chlorodibromomethane (CDBM) were administered at levels of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day. A separate control was used for each compound. Maternal weight gain was depressed in all groups receiving Ch and at the highest dose levels of BDCM and CDBM. Ch administration caused decreased maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values at all dose levels and also produced increased serum inorganic phosphorus and cholesterol at the highest dose. Liver enlargement was observed at all dose levels of Ch but in no other treatment groups. Evidence of a fetotoxic response was observed with Ch, CDBM and Br but not BDCM. No dose-related histopathological changes were observed in either mothers or fetuses as a result of treatment. None of the chemicals tested produced any teratogenic effects.
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PMID:A teratological assessment of four trihalomethanes in the rat. 687 16

Albino noninbred weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a powdered basic grain diet (Group 1) or a basic diet supplemented with 1540 ppm of 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (NFT) (Group 2). Group 2 rats consumed an estimated mean NFT cumulative dose of 42 mmol/rat, exhibited significant growth retardation and hepatomegaly, and displayed 46 neoplasms (24 multiple mammary fibroadenomas, 19 forestomach squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 other malignant tumors) in 31 of 35 rats histologically evaluated. Six of 36 control rats had solitary, benign mammary fibroadenomas. After p.o. administration of NFT, extraction of urine with chloroform:diethyl ether followed by gas chromatography provided a major peak with a retention time of about 4 min. Catalytic hydrogenation of NFT with palladium on activated carbon afforded a product with the same retention time. The isolated urinary metabolite of NFT exhibited mass spectral fragmentation patterns and gas and high-pressure liquid chromatographic retention times similar to those of the chemical reduction product. These data demonstrate the identical chemical characteristics of the in vivo urinary metabolite of NFT and the compound obtained by chemical reduction of NFT. Spectroscopic analyses established the structural identity of this reduced product as 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone. Forty-eight hr after the intragastric administration of [14C]NFT, 32% of radioactivity was recovered in urine, 57% was recovered in gastrointestinal contents and feces, and 5.5% was recovered in expired 14CO2. About 2% of the urinary radioactivity was extracted in chloroform:diethyl ether, suggesting that 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone is quantitatively a minor urinary metabolite of NFT. 1-(4-Thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone was 1.1 x 10(4)-fold less active than was NFT in the Ames mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100.
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PMID:Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, distribution, and nitroreduction of 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole in the rat. 701 66

Vaccines prepared from Formalin-killed whole cells of Coxiella burnetii (Ohio strain) or from chloroform-methanol residue (CMR) and extract (CME) of such cells were examined for biological and immunological properties in male C57BL/10ScN endotoxin nonresponder mice. Vaccines containing killed whole cells induced a high incidence of gross pathology, as evidenced by liver necrosis, significant splenomegaly, and significant hepatomegaly in mice. The degree and onset of these pathological changes were directly and inversely proportional, respectively, to the dosage of killed organisms administered. Conversely, no splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or liver necrosis were observed in mice inoculated with CMR or CME. Moreover, killed whole cells were lethal for mice at dosages of 150 to 1,200 micrograms, whereas no deaths were seen in animals given 1,200 micrograms of CMR. In addition, antibodies against phase I and phase II antigens of C. burnetii were detected in the sera of mice inoculated with either whole cells or CMR. Enhanced blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes was observed when animals were vaccinated with killed whole cells and CMR but not with CME. Moreover, 80 to 90% of mice inoculated with 300 micrograms of the CMR were protected against a lethal challenge of viable rickettsiae, whereas only 50% of the animals given 300 micrograms of killed whole cells were protected. Treatments with CME were essentially without value, since no antibodies were detectable and no significant protection was elicited. Collectively, these results show that, although killed whole cells induced immunity in C57BL/10ScN mice, they induced deleterious tissue reactions, whereas CMR, which also induced immunity, was essentially nondeleterious, based on the parameters employed. These observations suggest that the chloroform-methanol-extractable component(s) is implicated in the deleterious tissue reactions and that the phase I and II antigens may not be involved in the induction of the pathology observed in C57BL/10ScN mice.
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PMID:Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/10ScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice. 706 12

Colostrum-deprived pigs were infected intranasally with a recent isolate of porcine circovirus (PCV2) and a porcine parvovirus (PPV), both from Canadian pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Four pigs were inoculated with PCV2 alone, three with PPV alone, five with a combined PCV2/PPV inoculum, and two with a chloroform-treated combined PCV2/PPV inoculum. Pigs were killed 21-26 days after infection and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopical lesions and for the presence of viral antigens. No clinical signs, lesions or viral antigens were detected in two uninfected control pigs or in pigs inoculated with PPV alone. One pig inoculated with PCV2 alone became dull and thin. Mild to moderate histopathological lesions containing PCV2 antigen were detected in lymphoid tissues from the pigs inoculated with PCV2 alone. Pigs given the PCV2/PPV inoculum and the chloroform-treated PCV2/PPV inoculum became dull and two died. Jaundice and hepatomegaly were seen at post-mortem examination of most of the dually infected pigs. The latter showed large amounts of PCV2 antigen in numerous tissues; PPV antigen, which was less abundant, was detected in a few tissues, especially kidney. The lesions were similar to those seen in recently described field cases of porcine PMWS in North America and Europe.
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PMID:Experimental reproduction of severe wasting disease by co-infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus. 1037 89