Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood cholyglycine and procollagen-III-peptide were measured in 22 Zairean patients with hepatomegaly caused by S. mansoni before and after treatment with praziquantel. Circulating T-cell subsets and cutaneous in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity were assessed; serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin served as indicators for macrophage/lymphocyte activation. The results were compared to age and sex matched patients with S. mansoni infection limited to the intestinal tract and schistosomiasis free controls with equal socioeconomic background. Abnormal serum cholyglycine and neopterin levels and alterations of circulating T-cell subset frequencies were associated with hepatomegaly in schistosomiasis. Normalization of these parameters reflected a regression of egg-induced immunopathology as early as two months after specific chemotherapy. Serum procollagen-III-peptide concentrations rose significantly after treatment, suggesting release of propeptide previously incorporated without cleavage into tissue collagen. The combination of these biochemical and immunological parameters may allow assessment of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for liver disease in individual patients.
Acta Trop 1988 Sep
PMID:Liver involvement in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Regression of immunological and biochemical disease markers after specific treatment. 290 28

In two separate experiments, using different strains, broiler chicks were reared on either a commercial-type chick mash (control) or a fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS)-inducing diet. In Expt a, chicks were killed on day 29 and in Expt b, on day 32. Body-weights and liver weights were measured, and values from those given the control ration used to construct a hepatomegaly index by employing a variant of linear discriminant analysis. Application of the index to FLKS birds revealed a statistically significant bimodal distribution of liver size. The birds with enlarged livers (high index) also possessed metabolic abnormalities in that 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11; PFK-1) activity (measured at low substrate concentration) was depressed despite the presence of normal, or even slightly elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration. This indicates the presence of an uncharacterized regulatory mechanism for PFK-1 in FLKS-susceptible birds.
Br J Nutr 1985 Sep
PMID:Biotin deficiency and susceptibility to fatty liver and kidney syndrome in broiler chicks: reduced 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) activity but normal fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content in birds with hepatomegaly. 293 68

The first case of successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a patient with I-cell disease is reported. A 8-month-old girl with I-cell disease (N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase deficiency) has had successful reconstitution with bone marrow from her HLA-MLC-matched brother who has heterozygous level of the transferase activity. The following biochemical and clinical improvements have occurred: the transferase in peripheral lymphocytes increased to donor's level, and lymphocytic alpha-neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase increased to normal levels. Plasma acid hydrolase activities, which had been 10 to 60 times higher in the patient than normal control levels, have slowly but steadily decreased from one month after the graft. Such decreases were observed in the activities of alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, arylsulfatase A and acidic beta-galactosidase. There was also a marked decrease of vacuolated peripheral lymphocyte after the BMT. Three-months after the engraftment, hepatomegaly gradually decreased in size, corneal clouding has not progressed, and tight skin seems to have improved.
Tohoku J Exp Med 1986 Sep
PMID:Biochemical improvement after treatment by bone marrow transplantation in I-cell disease. 302 24

Liver disease, although usually asymptomatic, is a frequent accompaniment of AIDS. Hepatomegaly and macrosteatosis are prevalent but non-specific findings. Evidence of remote hepatitis B virus infection is extremely common; however, the HBsAg carrier state, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis occur no more frequently in AIDS patients than in the general population. Opportunistic intrahepatic infections (such as MAI, fungi, and CMV) or neoplasms (such as lymphoma or KS) usually reflect a disseminated process; liver involvement generally does not directly cause morbidity or result in death. Although biochemical liver tests are commonly elevated in the AIDS population, alkaline phosphatase has proved to be the most specific enzyme for infiltrative processes. Percutaneous liver biopsy has a high diagnostic yield, although the treatment options are currently limited. Acalculous cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction have been recently described and probably result from CMV and/or cryptosporidial infection. Radiologic features of papillary stenosis and/or sclerosing cholangitis have been demonstrated. In contrast to hepatic parenchymal disease, these entities may be amenable to surgical or endoscopic therapeutic maneuvers.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1988 Sep
PMID:Hepatobiliary abnormalities of AIDS. 304 66

Depending on its etiology hypoglycemia appears after short or prolonged periods of fasting and shows different metabolite and hormonal patterns. In children it is caused by a disturbed homoeostasis of blood glucose (hormonal disorders, decreased activity of glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis), by a primarily decreased ketogenic activity, or by a deranged adjustment of ketogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism. For the diagnostic procedure the age at manifestation, periods of fasting as well as signs and symptoms (f.e. hepatomegaly, growth retardation, somnolence) have to be carefully evaluated. Based on the extent of ketonemia the hypoglycemic syndromes can be classified into ketotic and hypoketotic forms. Hyperinsulinism, defects in fatty acid oxydation, glycogen storage disease I and postprandial hypoglycemias belong to the second category. In diagnosing hypoglycemia analysis of metabolite (glucose, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, carnitine) and hormonal (insulin, cortisol, growth hormone) patterns during hypoglycemic episodes is of outstanding importance. Urine has to be analysed for abnormal organic acids in order to demonstrate disturbed fatty acid oxydation. Rarely, loading tests with intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism are necessary. Suspected enzyme deficiencies have to be demonstrated in appropriate tissues (liver biopsy, erythrocytes, fibroblasts).
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1988 Sep
PMID:[Diagnostic procedures in pediatric hypoglycemias]. 307 Mar 65

The authors reviewed 210 children with typhoid and paratyphoid fevers; 191 were infected with S. typhi, 13 with S. paratyphi A and 6 with S. paratyphi B. The proportion was higher in school children. Fever, headache, tongue furred, stupor, and hepatomegaly were the most important clinical findings. Salmonella was cultured from the blood of 42% patients, the Widal reaction was negative only in one case, and faeces culture was positive in 25%. All patients received chloramphenicol.
An Esp Pediatr 1986 Sep
PMID:[Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in childhood. Apropos of 210 cases]. 309 49

Heart-lung transplantation for treatment of end-stage cardiopulmonary disease continues to be plagued by many problems. Three primary ones are the technical difficulties that can be encountered, particularly in those patients who have undergone previous cardiac operations, the additional restriction on donor availability imposed by the lack of satisfactory preservation techniques, and the need for lung size compatibility. Two of these difficulties and others surfaced postoperatively in a heart-lung transplant recipient who presented a series of unique operative and therapeutic challenges. A 42-year-old woman with chronic pulmonary hypertension and previous atrial septal defect repair underwent a heart-lung transplantation in August 1985. The operative procedure was expectedly complicated by bleeding from extensive mediastinal adhesions from the previous sternotomy and bronchial collateralization. Excessive chest tube drainage postoperatively necessitated reoperation to control bleeding from a right bronchial artery tributary. Phrenic nerve paresis, hepatomegaly, and marked abdominal distention caused persistent atelectasis and eventual right lower lobe collapse. Arteriovenous shunting and low oxygen saturation necessitated right lower lobectomy 15 days after transplantation, believed to be the first use of this procedure in a heart-lung graft recipient. Although oxygenation improved dramatically, continued ventilatory support led to tracheostomy. An intensive, psychologically oriented physical therapy program was initiated to access and retrain intercostal and accessory muscles. The tracheostomy cannula was removed after 43 days and gradual weaning from supplemental oxygen was accomplished. During this protracted recovery period, an episode of rejection was also encountered and successfully managed with steroid therapy. The patient continued to progress satisfactorily and was discharged 83 days after transplantation. She is well and active 20 months after discharge.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987 Sep
PMID:Postoperative complications necessitating right lower lobectomy in a heart-lung transplant recipient with previous sternotomy. 311 65

Twenty cows from a dairy herd consisting of 60 healthy, lactating Holsteins developed clinical signs of anorexia, mental derangement, dehydration, recumbency, and ruminal atony after ingesting water containing blue-green algae. Of the 20 cows, 9 died. The algal bloom, which developed in a stagnant pond during hot, dry weather, was identified as the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, a potentially hepatotoxic algae. One week after the onset of toxicosis, affected cows seemed healthy, although liver-associated enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were increased. Intraruminal administration of the intact wet bloom to a healthy 125-kg Angus heifer was followed by hepatic necrosis and death. The liver was large, friable, and gun-metal blue, with microscopically evident hepatocyte dissociation, degeneration, and necrosis. The ingesta of the heifer contained typical clumps of cells that were identified as M aeruginosa. The intraperitoneal administration of lyophilized cell material from that bloom to 18 mice caused marked hepatic enlargement. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose of the dried bloom was estimated to be 10 mg/kg of body weight. A cyclic peptide toxin purified from the algae seems to be similar structurally to toxins from other characterized hepatotoxic blooms of M aeruginosa.
Am J Vet Res 1987 Sep
PMID:Blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) hepatotoxicosis in dairy cows. 311 92

The medical history, clinical features and investigations of 145 children with kwashiorkor were compared with 113 marasmic kwashiorkor, 158 marasmic children and 186 nutritionally normal controls of similar age admitted to hospital in Khartoum. Factors in the group with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) which could relate to aetiology include: a history of prolonged illness and anorexia, frequent and prolonged episodes of diarrhoea and recent measles. The delay in achievement of developmental milestones in PEM children probably reflects the frequent and chronic illnesses in this group. An episode of previous oedema was reported in 22 per cent of marasmic kwashiorkor, 12 per cent of kwashiorkor and 12 per cent of marasmic children. Though hair and mucosal changes and enlarged liver were more common in the marasmic kwashiorkor and kwashiorkor groups, they were also common in marasmic children. There was no significant difference in behaviour (apathy, irritability, anorexia) between kwashiorkor and marasmic children. The classical skin changes of kwashiorkor were only seen in the oedematous children. The mortality was 19 per cent in kwashiorkor, 35 per cent in marasmic kwashiorkor, and 14.5 per cent in the marasmic group. The major differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor children were that the kwashiorkor children were reported larger at birth, achieved more normal developmental milestones, were taller and had larger head circumference than the marasmic children. The implications of these findings in relation to aetiology are discussed.
Eur J Clin Nutr 1988 Sep
PMID:Protein-energy malnutrition in northern Sudan: clinical studies. 314 Nov 44

Thyroid hyperplasia and/or hepatomegaly were observed in a 14-week oral toxicity study with L-649,923, a leukotriene antagonist, at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg/day. In a 16-day study, L-649,923 caused an increase in plasma TSH and hepatic enzyme induction, but did not affect plasma T3 and T4 levels. Light microscopy and ultrastructural examination of the liver and thyroid showed changes indicative of hepatic enzyme induction and increased stimulation of the thyroid by TSH. Because other hepatic enzyme inducers cause thyroid hyperplasia by increasing the turnover of plasma T3 and T4 it was hypothesized that L-649,923-induced thyroid hyperplasia might be occurring by the same mechanism. To examine this theory, rats were treated po with 300 mg/kg/day of L-649,923 for 17 days. On Day 15, all rats were dosed iv with [125I]thyroxine (33 microCi/rat). At various times after dosing, blood was collected and plasma levels of 125I were determined. The clearance and elimination rate constant were significantly larger in treated animals than in the control group (p less than 0.01). This work demonstrates that L-649,923 increases the plasma turnover of thyroxine which is associated with a stimulation of TSH and thyroid hyperplasia.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1988 Sep 30
PMID:Thyroid and liver trophic changes in rats secondary to liver microsomal enzyme induction caused by an experimental leukotriene antagonist (L-649,923). 314 97


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