Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

d.d-T80-prallethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide for sanitary use, was administered to Crj : CD (Sprague Dawley) rats at concentrations of 120, 600 or 3,000 ppm in diet for one year to assess the chronic toxicity potential and the reversibility. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Chronic toxicity study 3,000 ppm : Decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and water intake were observed. Slight alopecia in the neck and/or back was noticed during the first and second weeks, but the animals were recovered thereafter. Slight anemic changes such as decreases in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV and MCH were observed in the females at 52 week. Blood biochemistry revealed increases in total cholesterol (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), phospholipid (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), albumin (in the males at 13 and 26 weeks, in the females at 52 week), total protein (in the males at 26 week, in the females at 52 week), A/G ratio (in the males at 13 week, in the females at 26 week), creatinine (in the males at 52 week), urea nitrogen (in the females at 52 week), GOT (in the males and females at 52 week) and GPT (in the males and females at 52 week), and decreases in triglyceride (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and alkaline phosphatase (in the males at 13 and 52 weeks). In urinalysis, an increase in bilirubin was observed in the males at 52 week. Gross-pathology revealed a lower incidence of accentuated lobular pattern of liver (in the males at 26 week) and a higher incidence of enlarged liver (in the males at 52 week). In organ weight, increases in liver (in the males and females at 26 and 52 weeks), kidney (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks) and thyroid weights (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks, in the females at 26 week), and decreases in spleen (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and adrenal weights (in the females at 52 week) were observed. Histopathological examination revealed a lower incidence of fatty metamorphosis in the liver of females at 52 week. 600 ppm: An increase in liver weight was observed in the males at 26 week. 120 ppm: No effect was observed. 2. Reversibility study Almost all the above chronic toxicities were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[One-year chronic dietary toxicity study of d.d-T80-prallethrin in rats]. 344 42

Hepatomegaly is an important clinical finding in patients with argininosuccinic aciduria (a hereditary defect of the urea cycle enzyme, argininosuccinate lyase [argininosuccinase]). A severe degree of liver fibrosis, almost corresponding to cirrhosis, was observed in liver biopsy material obtained from a boy with this disorder. This observation is of interest in light of the fact that liver fibrosis or cirrhosis are hallmarks of many inheritable phenotypes, and especially of inborn errors of metabolism. Variable degrees of liver fibrosis are noted in other inborn defects of the urea cycle, eg, in ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiencies. These findings appear to indicate that inheritable defects of urea synthesis may form a group of metabolic disorders prone to cause hepatic fibrosis, or even cirrhosis, as shown in our patient.
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PMID:Severe liver fibrosis in argininosuccinic aciduria. 375 45

A study was made of the association of actin with different plasma membrane fractions from liver of normal rats and from the enlarged liver of rats bearing a Walker 256 carcinoma where a decrease in the state of polymerisation of cytoplasmic actin has been previously observed. As estimated by the DNAase I inhibition assay, actin constituted approx. 7% and 3%, respectively, of the protein of membrane fractions enriched in lateral or bile-canalicular domains, but only trace amounts were found in the sinusoidal fraction. [3H]Cytochalasin B binding indicated the presence of 20 and 13 pmol of high-affinity binding sites per mg protein in lateral and bile-canalicular fractions, but none in the sinusoidal. Kd for cytochalasin B binding was of the order of 1 nM for lateral and bile-canalicular fractions. Polypeptide profiles obtained by SDS/urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of non-ionic detergent-insoluble residues differed for all three fractions although some proteins, including actin, occurred as major components of both bile-canalicular and lateral regions. Tumour growth had no effect on the actin content, high-affinity cytochalasin B binding or polypeptide profiles of the three membrane fractions.
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PMID:Plasma membrane associated actin in liver of normal and tumour-bearing rats. 405 15

The toxic effects of imidocarb dipropionate (3,3'-bis[2-imidazolin-2-yl] carbanilide dipropionate) were studied in calves injected twice intramuscularly with 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg dosages. Transient, dosage dependent signs of toxicosis consisted of excessive salivation, serous nasal discharge, diarrhoea and dyspnoea. Elevations in blood urea nitrogen concentrations and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities were related to dosage and markedly increased at the high dosage. Renal hyperaemia, hepatomegaly, pulmonary congestion and oedema, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, hydropericardium and mortality occurred at the 20 mg/kg dosage. Microscopic lesions observed at the high dosage included acute severe renal tubular necrosis and focal hepatocellular necrosis. Injection site reactions varied from microscopic areas of necrotising myositis at the 5 mg/kg dosage to focal grossly visible areas of necrosis, encapsulated by granulation tissue and surrounded by fascial oedema at the 20 mg/kg dosage.
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PMID:A study of the toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in cattle. 741 62

Time-velocity wave-form analysis of Doppler signals from small intrarenal arteries allows estimation of intrarenal arteriolar vascular resistance. Among the various indexes proposed, the resistive index is the most widely used for this estimation. To investigate whether the resistive index is useful in the diagnosis of functional kidney failure and prediction of survival in cirrhotic patients with ascites, we measured resistive index, kidney and liver function and plasma levels of renin, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in 10 healthy subjects, 12 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 32 patients with cirrhosis and ascites (17 with kidney failure). A total of 28 clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed for prognostic value. Resistive index was significantly increased in patients with kidney failure (0.74 +/- 0.01) compared with those in the other three groups (0.64 +/- 0.01, 0.64 +/- 0.02 and 0.67 +/- 0.01) and correlated significantly with glomerular filtration rate, arterial pressure, plasma renin activity and free water clearance in the cirrhotic patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the resistive index in detecting kidney failure in patients with ascites were 71% and 80%, respectively. Nine variables were correlated with survival in the univariate analysis, including resistive index, age, hepatomegaly, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, plasma sodium concentration, glomerular filtration rate, plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone. Multivariate analysis disclosed only three independent predictors of survival: plasma renin activity, plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone and serum sodium concentration. In conclusion, resistive index is a sensitive method to assess intrarenal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It also has predictive value for survival in these patients.
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PMID:Diagnosis of functional kidney failure of cirrhosis with Doppler sonography: prognostic value of resistive index. 792 24

With an increasing number of elderly patients presenting with acute myeloid leukaemia and with recent reports of worthwhile remission rates and survival times following treatment with intensive chemotherapy, there is a pressing need to identify criteria to assist in the selection of appropriate therapy for elderly patients. We have performed multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of data prospectively collected during the treatment of 104 patients aged 60 and over treated in a multi-centre study with a standardized regimen of mitozantrone and cytosine arabinoside for induction and consolidation. Four readily available parameters, namely urea, performance status, peripheral blood blast count and presence of hepatomegaly, were identified from which a prognostic model to predict survival has been developed. The model was found to be accurate in predicting survival in the cohort of patients from which it was developed, but needs to be validated in a further test population studied prospectively. Its simplicity suggests that it may be particularly useful in the selection of elderly patients with AML most likely to benefit from intensive chemotherapy.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: development of a model to predict survival. 828 Jun 3

The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is dismal. Long-term survival and cure of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be expected only after resection or hepatectomy followed by transplantation. Thus, prognosis primarily depends on the possibility of resective surgery, which is determined predominantly by anatomic extent of disease. This survey deals with factors that become effective after resection or transplantation and that have prognostic significance in univariate or multivariate analyses. Several studies have shown that resection for cure (R classification) and anatomical extent of the tumors (TNM) were the most important prognostic factors. Prognostic factors other than TNM and R can be grouped into clinical findings and pathological features. As to clinical findings, performance status is an important prognostic factor in one multivariate analysis. The effects of other factors as age, sex, tumor site, and hepatomegaly on prognosis were discussed controversially. As might be expected, studies on pathological factors yielded different results. Histological grade had an influence in one study, but not in another. Histological type and coexisting cirrhosis were important in multivariate analysis only in resected patients. The majority of factors (capsule formation, dysplasia of adjacent liver tissue, mitotic activity, bile production) were only investigated in univariate analyses. There are only few studies evaluating the prognostic importance of molecular pathology factors. None of them has shown convincing evidence that these parameters may give information more important than TNM and R classification. The prognostic importance of TNM for patients not treated by resective surgery is emphasized in many studies. Ascites, toxic syndrome, and laboratory variables as bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum albumin were independent predictors of survival. The prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma is even worse than that of HCC-patients and only 25% patients resected with stage-II-tumors can be expected to survive for five years.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in liver tumors]. 860 Jun 73

1. Two separate cases of acute occupational poisoning following exposure to vapours of a fire extinguishing liquid are described. Analytical, clinical, pathological and toxicological data leave little doubt that toxicity was due, in both cases, to inhalation of carbon tetrachloride present at high concentrations ( > 15% and 78% by weight, respectively) in the fire extinguishing liquid. 2. Both subjects were admitted to hospital, 4 and 8 days after exposure, respectively, and developed severe hepato-nephrotoxicity with hepatomegaly, increased values of serum transaminases, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT), bilirubin and uric acid and, finally, anuria. They recovered in about three to four weeks, after several haemodialytic sessions. 3. Interestingly, in both cases the other workers exposed under the same conditions and for the same period of time as the two patients showed no signs or symptoms of toxicity. The reason for the observed different susceptibility to CCl4 is attributable to an abnormally high ethanol abuse by the two workers, as reported in the clinical records and confirmed by their relatives and colleagues (120 and 250 g per day, respectively). Daily ethanol intake by the coworkers was less than 50 g for all subjects. 4. Although the potentiating effect of ethanol on the toxicity of CCl4 is well known in experimental animals, as a result of cytochrome P-450 induction, direct evidence in humans reported in the literature so far was limited by the lack of information, in all published reports, on the presence or absence of effects in non-alcoholic exposed "controls', when these were present.
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PMID:Potentiation of occupational carbon tetrachloride toxicity by ethanol abuse. 884 18

Dengue virus infection may remain asymptomatic or manifest as nonspecific viral infection to life threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Patients with DHF/DSS have fever, hemorrhagic manifestations along with thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration. Thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration are distinguishing features between DHF/DSS and dengue fever (DF). Some patients with dengue fever may have significant bleed and mild thrombocytopenia but no hemoconcentration. These patients are labelled to have dengue fever with unusual bleeds. Laboratory findings in DHF/DSS include rising hematocrit, thrombocytopenia and transformed lymphocytes on peripheral smear. There may be increased transaminases, hyponatremia, transient increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. In severe disease there may be lab evidence of dissemination intravascular coagulation. X-ray film of the chest may show pleural-effusion. Ultrasonogram of abdomen may detect thickened gall bladder wall with hepatomegaly and ascitis. In some patients there may be abnormality in electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. The diagnosis of DHF/DSS is based on typical clinical findings. For confirmation of dengue virus infection viral culture can be done on blood obtained from patients during early phase of illness. In later part of illness antibodies against dengue virus can be demonstrated by various techniques. The treatment of DF is symptomatic. For control of fever nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided. DHF/DSS are managed by intravenous fluid infusion with repeated monitoring of vital parameters and packed cell volume (PCV).
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PMID:Dengue hemorrhagic fever: clinical manifestations and management. 1079 41

In September 1999, a 56-year-old butcher was admitted to the General Hospital in Zadar because of fever, headache, severe pain in the calf muscles and thighs, conjunctivitis, rash, hepatomegaly and jaundice. The initial diagnosis was septic shock, and the patient was admitted to the internal medicine ward. Microscopic agglutination test showed a fourfold rise of antibodies to Leptospira sejroe in the three serum samples. These serologic findings and laboratory findings of leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased serum aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, proteinuria and leukocyturia indicated that Leptospira sejroe was the etiologic agent of the disease in the patient presented.
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PMID:The first case of leptospirosis in the Zadar area. 1137 84


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