Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A follow-up study of 179 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive neonates born from HIV seropositive mothers is reported. At the time of the present study, HIV infection resulting from maternofetal transmission was found in 50 cases, while 108 infants were not infected; HIV infection remained uncertain in 16 cases; 5 infants were lost for follow-up. Out of the 50 infected cases, 20 were less than two-year old, 17 were 2-5 year old and 13 were older than 5 years. Very few remained asymptomatic after the age of 6 months, the most common symptoms being adenopathies and/or hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Twenty-six had an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Six died, from pneumocystosis (3), cytomegalovirus infection (1) and septicemia (2). Virus culture and polymerase chain reaction were the most efficient laboratory methods for early diagnosis of HIV infection, both being positive in more than 95% of the infected cases after the age of 3 months. A close clinical and biological supervision is recommended in these infants and children because of the permanent threat of infectious diseases in relation to their immunodeficiency. Treatment associates: 1) antiviral therapy with AZT as soon as the HIV infection is diagnosed; 2) primary prophylaxis against pneumocystosis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol; 3) IV immunoglobulins in the case of repeated bacterial infection; 4) regular evaluation of the nutritional status and psychological assistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Management of HIV-seropositive newborn infants. Personal experience apropos of 179 cases]. 839 76

Acute hepatitis led to abnormal coagulopathy, bleeding, and death in a nonhemophiliac infant infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, possibly due to zidovudine or ritonavir or both. Acute hepatitis during ritonavir treatment and episodes of spontaneous bleeding have been reported in patients with hemophilia. Zidovudine is associated with elevated liver enzymes, elevated bilirubin, and hepatomegaly leading to abnormal coagulopathy, bleeding, and death in adults. A temporal relationship between the start of combination antiretroviral therapy and onset of hepatosplenomegaly and rise in liver enzymes suggests that zidovudine or ritonavir, or both, are the likely cause of this adverse event. Ritonavir is believed to cause direct hepatotoxicity, probably by inducing acute mitochondrial toxicity, and may hasten reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced liver toxicity. Liver function of patients receiving a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitors should be closely monitored.
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PMID:Acute hepatitis and bleeding possibly induced by zidovudine and ritonavir in an infant with HIV infection. 1099 9