Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspirin is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory therapy for Kawasaki syndrome. Early initiation with high dose aspirin (80 to > 100 mg/kg per day), followed by low-dose therapy at the afebrile stage, has been often used to reduce morbidity and mortality in coronary complications. We report a 10-month-old infant who was diagnosed with Kawasaki syndrome. Sudden onset of poor activity, poor appetite, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatomegaly, increased AST/ALT, coagulopathy and hyperammonemia developed 3 days after the high-dose aspirin therapy. His histopathological and ultrastructural findings from the liver biopsy were compatible with Reye's syndrome. He recovered completely, and there was no recurrence.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome developing in an infant on treatment of Kawasaki syndrome. 1595 35

Adefovir is classified as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor because it acts by inhibiting hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and causing DNA chain termination after its incorporation into the viral DNA. Adefovir dipivoxil is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (alanine [ALT] or aspartate [AST]) or histologically active disease. It is useful in the treatment of patients with either hepatitis B e antigen-positive or -negative chronic hepatitis B. The recommended adefovir dipivoxil dose in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with adequate renal function is 10 mg once daily. Adefovir dipivoxil therapy can reduce viral load, improve ALT, and produce histologic improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Improvements are generally seen within the first few weeks of therapy and have shown persistence up to at least 3 years with continued therapy. Therapy with adefovir dipivoxil is generally well tolerated. However, nephrotoxicity is a risk with adefovir therapy, especially in patients receiving higher doses (30-120 mg/d). Patients should have their renal function monitored closely throughout therapy and may require an adjustment in dose relative to changes in the creatinine clearance. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis may also occur during therapy.
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PMID:Adefovir dipivoxil: focus on its use in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 1597 40

Clinical features of Dengue are very variable due to multiple alterations induced by the virus in the organism. Increased levels of transaminases similar to those produced by the Hepatitis virus have been reported in patients with Dengue from hiperendemic zones in Asia. The objectives of this study were to determine alterations in the liver tests in patients with Dengue and to relate them to the disease, clinically and serologically. Clinical history, hemathological tests serum transaminases (ALT y AST) and bilirubin assays were performed in 62 patients with clinical and serological diagnosis of Dengue. According to clinical features 38.7% of the patients with classical (CD) and hemorrhagic (DHF) forms of Dengue reffered abdominal pain and 2 patients with DHF had ictericia and hepatomegaly. Laboratory test findings showed leucopenia in 72.5% in both forms of Dengue and of patients with DHF severe thrombocytopenia (< 50.000 platelets x mm3), long PT and PPT in 70.9%, 23.0% and 42.3%, respectively. Transaminase values five fold higher than the normal values (p < 0.005) were observed in 36.8% and 74.4% of patients with CD and DHF respectively; AST was predominant in both groups. Our results suggest liver damage during the course of Dengue. A differential diagnosis has to be done between the hepatic involvement of Dengue cases and others viral diseases with hepatic disfunctions.
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PMID:[Hepatic alterations in patients with dengue]. 1600 48

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a kind of inborn errors of metabolism, with the main clinic manifestations of jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abnormal liver function indices. As a mitochondrial solute carrier protein, citrin plays important roles in aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, urea cycle, and protein and nucleotide syntheses. Therefore citrin deficiency causes various and complicated metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycemia, hyperlactic acidemia, hyperammonemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and galactosemia. This paper reported a case of NICCD confirmed by mutation analysis of SLC25A13, the gene encoding citrin. The baby (male, 6 months old) was referred to the First Affiliated Hospital with the complaint of jaundice of the skin and sclera, which it had suffered from for nearly 6 months. Physical examination showed obvious jaundice and a palpable liver 5 cm below the right subcostal margin. Liver function tests revealed elevated enzymatic activities, like GGT, ALP, AST, and ALT, together with increased levels of TBA, bilirubin (especially conjugated bilirubin), and decreased levels of total protein/albumin and fibrinogen. Blood levels of ammonia, lactate, cholesterol, and triglyceride were also increased, and in particular, the serum AFP level reached 319,225.70 microg/L, a extremely elevated value that has rarely been found in practice before. Tandem mass analysis of a dried blood sample revealed increased levels of free fatty acids and tyrosine, methionine, citrulline, and threonine as well. UP-GC-MS analysis of the urine sample showed elevated galactose and galactitol. The baby was thus diagnosed with suspected NICCD based on the findings. It was then treated with oral arginine and multiple vitamins (including fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K), and was fed with lactose-free and medium-chain fatty acids enriched formula instead of breast feeding. After half a month of treatment, the jaundice disappeared, and the laboratory findings, including liver function indices, blood levels of ammonia, lactate and AFP, were returned to normal level. The baby was followed up for 6 months. It developed well, and the abnormal laboratory findings, including MS-MS and UP-GC-MS analysis results, have been corrected, except a slightly elevated lactate level sometimes. SLC25A13 gene mutation analysis for the patient revealed a compound heterozygote of mutation 851del4 and 1638ins23 and therefore NICCD was definitely diagnosed.
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PMID:[A difficult and complicated case study: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency]. 1661 6

We retrospectively evaluated 73 immunocompetent adult patients assisted at our Infectious Diseases Clinic between March 1999 and March 2004 who presented fever and asthenia, mild to moderate increase of transaminases and serological findings compatible with recent cytomegalovirus infection. We excluded patients with a history of transfusions, drug abuse, immunodeficiencies, preexistent hepatic impairment or serological findings compatible with acute hepatitis A, B and C (HAV, HBV, HCV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The laboratory diagnosis of recent cytomegalovirus infection was made by especific IgM detection (ELISA) or a significant increase of specific IgG. The most frequent symptoms were fever (85%) and asthenia (83%), followed by cephalea (25%), splenomegaly (20%), adenomegalies (22%), pharyngitis (25%), myalgias (25%) and hepatomegaly (19%). All the patients showed moderate increase of transaminases and lymphomonocytosis (73/73). In average, ALT was increased by 6 fold and AST by 3.5 fold. The clinical characteristics that differentiate CMV infection from Epstein-Barr infection are the lesser frequency of adenomegalies and pharyngitis in the former. The differential diagnosis of CMV infection with hepatic involvement from acute hepatitis A and B, is based on the absence of jaundice, the lower elevation of transaminases, the intense lymphomonocytosis and the presence of specific IgM against CMV that are characteristic of CMV infection. In conclusion, in previously healthy young adults with fever, intense asthenia, lymphomonocytosis and moderate increase in transaminases levels, cytomegalovirus infection should be investigated.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus infection with hepatic involvement in immunocompetent adults]. 1687 6

In this retrospective study, the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 105 adult malaria patients, who had been hospitalized between the period of 1992 and 2006 were evaluated. Nineteen percent of the patients were female, and the mean age was 28 +/- 10 years. Fifty percent of the patients acquired the infection in Southeastern Anatolia, while they were on military duty. The most common complaints were rigor (93%), fever (90%), sweating (90%), headache (76%), nausea (45%), and fatigue (38%). The most common physical examination findings were splenomegaly (86%) and hepatomegaly (62%). Anemia was detected in 23%, leukopenia in 47%, thrombocytopenia in 73%, two fold increase in ALT or AST enzyme levels in 32% of the patients. Plasmodium vivax was detected in 101 (96%) patients, whereas P. falciparum was detected in 4 patients (4%). Although the number of malaria cases in Turkey is declining in recent years, the febrile patients with a history of travel to the endemic regions should raise the suspicion of malaria.
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PMID:[Malaria in Turkey and 14 years of clinical experience]. 1700 53

In this study, dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (DDB) was examined to justify its role in the hepatoprotection against erythromycin toxicity in male rats. Oral daily administration of toxic dose of erythromycin stearate (EE, 100 mg/kg body weight) was given to male rats for fourteen days to induce hepatotoxicity. It was found at the end of the experiment (14 days) that the total body weight was markedly decreased in rat treated with erythromycin stearate (EE). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were recorded in rats treated with erythromycin stearate (EE). The red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin content (Hb) and haematocrit value (Hct) were significantly reduced in rats treated with EE. The hepatotoxicities were monitored by increased level of plasma enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; AST and alanine aminotransferase; ALT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, total lipids and glucose. The data obtained showed that oral administration of DDB (100 mg/kg body weight) has significantly prevented the occurrence of EE-induced liver damage. The biochemical data were supplemented by histopathological examination of the liver of control and treated rats. DDB showed a better hepatoprotective effect compared with ursodesoxycholic acid or Silymarin (Sil), as a reference drug.
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PMID:Protective role of dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB) against erythromycin induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. 1726 70

Hepatic manifestations are described as unusual complications of dengue and may lead to severe and potentially lethal conditions. Liver abnormalities in 41 patients diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between January 1 and March 31, 2002, were evaluated. All were serologically positive for dengue in laboratory tests (IgM ELISA). ALT alterations were observed in 61% (25/41) and AST alterations in 80.5% (33/41), but there were no statistically significant differences between the various clinical forms. The range in ALT levels was 14-547 U/l and in AST levels was 11-298 U/l. Nausea and/or vomiting were reported by 90% (37/41) of the patients; 46.3% (19/41) had abdominal pain and 10% (3/29) presented hepatomegaly at clinical examination. The patients' ages ranged from 18 to 88 years; 23 (56%) were female and 18 (44%) were male.
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PMID:[Liver involvement in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever: a rare phenomenon?]. 1730 99

The aim of this article is to present the manifestations of Rickettsia typhi infection in childhood. Twenty-one children under 15 years of age were hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics of the Archbishop Makarios Hospital in Nicosia, Cyprus, from 2000 to 2006 with Rickettsia typhi infection. Ten of them were boys and 11 were girls. The median age was eight years (range four to 13 years). The most common clinical features were fever (100%) and rash (57%). Lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, was also a frequent finding (37%). Severe headache was rather infrequent (29%). Splenomegaly or hepatomegaly were less frequent findings (24% and 10%, respectively). Mild elevation of liver enzymes (AST and ALT elevated >1-fold in 81% and 75%, respectively) was the most frequent laboratory finding. Thrombocytopenia (28%) and leucopenia (17%) were less frequent. Nearly half of the patients (10/21) came from four neighbouring villages, where most residents work in agriculture. All of the children were treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens and had complete recovery. Rickettsia typhi infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who present during the summer or early autumn months with prolonged fever and rash with or without lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Murine typhus in Cyprus: 21 paediatric cases. 1755 71

To evaluate the liver function, splenomegaly and related factors in the newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients. One hundred of fifty eight acute leukemia patients admitted in our hospital from March 2003 to April 2006 were studied. The related factors such as peripheral WBC count, bone marrow blasts, peripheral blasts, sex, age, AML, ALL affecting the liver function and splenomegaly were evaluated. Sixty two (39.24%) patients presented with splenomegaly. Twelve (7.59%) patients presented with hepatomegaly. Serum ALT was elevated in 54 (34.17%) patients. Similarly, serum AST, GGT, ALP, and Direct bilirubin were elevated in 26 (16.45%), 32 (20.25%), 20 (12.65%), and 22 (13.92%) patients, respectively. Low serum albumin was found in 40 (25.31%) patients. PT was prolonged in 62 (39.24%) patients. Statistical study shows that there is a relation between high WBC counts and elevated serum ALT (P<0.05) and high WBC counts and splenomegaly (P<0.05). Acute leukemia patients with leukocytosis are more prone to develop abnormal liver function and splenomegaly.
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PMID:Abnormal hepatic function and splenomegaly on the newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients. 1834 Mar 67


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